• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.136-142
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• 2015

Background: The incidence and etiology of facial bone fracture differ widely according to time and geographic setting. Because of this, prevention and management of facial bone fracture requires ongoing research. This study examines the relationship between socioeconomic status and the incidence of facial bone fractures in patients who had been admitted for facial bone fractures. Methods: A retrospective study was performed for all patients admitted for facial bone fracture at the National Medical Center (Seoul, Korea) from 2010 to 2014. We sought correlations amongst age, gender, fracture type, injury mechanism, alcohol consumption, and type of medical insurance. Results: Out of the 303 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 214 (70.6%) patients were enrolled in National Health Insurance (NHI), 46 (15.2%) patients had Medical Aid, and 43 (14.2%) patients were homeless. The main causes of facial bone fractures were accidental trauma (51.4%), physical altercation (23.1%), and traffic accident (14.2%). On Pearson's chi-square test, alcohol consumption was correlated significantly with accidental trauma (p<0.05). And, the ratio of alcohol consumption leading to facial bone fractures differed significantly in the homeless group compared to the NHI group and the Medical Aid group (p<0.05). Conclusion: We found a significant inverse correlation between economic status and the incidence of facial bone fractures caused by alcohol consumption. Our findings indicate that more elaborate guidelines and prevention programs are needed for socioeconomically marginalized populations.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.312-323
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• 2013

Variables affecting bone heath of growing children were analyzed among forty nine 10-12 year old elementary students in three rural regions of north west Chungnam area. Information on age of the parents, duration of breast feeding and birth weight were collected from the guardians of the participants and nutrient intake and diet quality were assessed by average of three-day food records of participants with the help of dietitians. Bone health status was measured by calceneal broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) using quantitative ultrasound (QUS). Results showed that anthropometic indexes and nutrient intake levels were not different between boys and girls. However, iron intake was significantly lower in girls than in boys. Girls after menarche showed lower intake levels for thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxine and niacin than girls before menarche. z-scores of BMI were lower than -1 and higher than +1 showed shorter breast feeding period than others but the difference was statistically non-significant. Overall, the subjects did not consume enough s of calcium, vitamin C and folic acid. Zinc intake and BMI were the most significant factors affecting BUA by the results of backward elimination in multiple regression models. Phosphorous and beta-carotene intakes showed significant negative relation with BUA. This study showed that children living in the rural area of Chungnam need extra care to keep their health and nutrient intakes especially for the nutrients known to affect growth. Tailored nutrition education needs to be more focused on the improvement of bone health status of children.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.31-44
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to measure and determine the relationship of femoral neck and lumbar bone mineral density with their and related factors. It were measured and determined the relationships among bone mineral density, bone mineral content in the lumbar and femoral neck, muscle strength (arm, back, leg), muscle endurance, instrumental activity of daily living (IADL), quality of life, cognitive perceptual variables(self efficacy, perceived health status), age, age at menopausal period. The twenty five subjects participating in this study consisted of twelve males and thirteen females at a C-institution in Chung Buk province. The mean age of subjects was 73.64 years. The data was collected from August, 1993 to September, 1993. The data was analyzed with $x^2-test$, t-test, Correlation, multiple regression using a SPSS pc+ program. 1. The mean femoral neck bone mineral density was $0.636g/cm^2$, 66.7% of young bone mineral density, the mean lumbar($L_2-L_4$) bone mineral density was $0.807g/cm^2$, 79.86% of young bone mineral density. The mean fermoral neck bone mineral content was 2.906g and the mean lumbar bone mineral content was 36.898g. 2. The mean muscle strength was 17.14kg(grip strength), 32.05kg(back lift strength), 17.14kg (leg lift strength) and the mean muscle endurance was 9.92times. 3. Men showed a significantly higher score (p<0.01) in muscle strength and muscle endurance than women, as well as a significantly higher score on self efficacy and perceived health status(p<0.05). 4. The femur neck bone mineral density had a significant correlation(p<0.0l) with leg lift strength, back lift strength, and their was a significant correlations (p<0.05) with arm strength and muscle endurance. Lumbar ($L_2-L_2$) bone mineral density had a significant correlation(p<0.05) with muscle endurance, grip strength and IADL. 5. With the multiple regression analysis the most significant predictor for lumbar bone mineral density were IADL, the most significant predictor for femoral neck bone mineral density was leg strength. This study concluded: As the mean bone mineral density and bone mineral content were low, the aged showed osteopenia. Bone mineral density, muscle strength and IADL were correlated. The aged could pro mote muscle strength, bone mineral density and IADL through Leg Press exercise which was safe and efficient for the aged. This Leg Press exercise contributed to prevention of osteoporosis and promoted the health of the aged.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.256-264
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• 2016

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the diet and health status of elderly women according to the family type. Methods: A total of 307 elderly women participated in this study were divided into one of three groups according to their family type: residing with spouse (RSP; n=88), residing with son or daughter (RSD; n=119), and residing alone (RAL; n=100). Chisquare test was used to assess dietary habits and health status of the subjects by the family types. Results: Results demonstrated significant associations between eating regular meals, person preparing meals, coffee intake, and bone fracture experience and family type. Among the three groups, the RSP and RAL groups had a higher percentage for preparing meals by themselves (p<0.001) than the RSD group. The RAL group had a lower percentage for eating regular meals (p<0.01) but a higher percentage for bone fracture experience (p<0.05) than the other groups. There were no significant differences in monthly allowance, self-estimated health status, physical activity, exercise, drinking, and dietary habits such as frequency of consumption of dairy, beans, eggs, fish, meat, fruits, and vegetables among the three groups. Conclusions: The results showed that elderly women residing alone without a son, daughter, or spouse had more diet-related and health problems such as irregular meals and high bone fracture experience. These findings suggested that elderly women residing alone need more attention and support.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.319-326
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to investigate the factors affecting the bone density and the relationship between bone density and remaining teeth by using data from 2007 to 2009 of the 4th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES). Methods : The subjects were 1,829 postmenopausal women over 50 years old from the data of the 4th KNHANES. Results : The bone density had the significant difference in 'age' and 'level of education' and remaining teeth had the significant difference in age, monthly income and level of education. The bone mineral density and remaining teeth had the significantly different from subjective general health, smoking, drinking, physical activity. The oral health behaviors and remaining teeth had the significantly associated in subjective oral health status, frequency of tooth brushing, use of auxiliary oral hygiene product, and recent oral examination. Conclusions : The number of remaining teeth is below 9.27 compared with the normal group.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권11호
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• pp.1551-1558
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• 2009

본 연구는 최대 골질량에 도달하는 20대의 대학생 1039명(남학생 532명, 여학생 507명)을 대상으로 골초음파 상태와 영양소 섭취 및 생화학적 영양 상태를 나타내는 지표들과의 관계를 분석하였다. 대상자의 골밀도 수치에 따라 t-score$\underline{\geq}$-1인 정상 골밀도군과 t-score<-1 골감소군으로 분류하여 비교한 결과 남학생의 경우 정상 골밀도군이 90.4%, 골감소군이 9.6%이며 여학생의 경우 정상 골밀도군이 94.1%, 골감소군이 5.9%의 분포를 보였다. 체적지표인 BMI를 아시아-태평양 비만기준에 의거하여 분리하였을 때는 남학생은 저체중 3.4%, 정상＋과체중 70.7%, 비만 25.9%, 여학생은 저체중 16.2%, 정상＋과체중 76.5%, 비만 7.3%의 분포를 보였다. 정상 골밀도군과 골감소군의 골밀도와 생화학적 영양 상태는 남학생 여학생 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 전체대상자들의 영양소 섭취상태를 살펴 본 결과, 남학생의 경우 정상 골밀도군과 골감소군 간의 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았으나 여학생의 경우 동물성 단백질과 동물성 철분 섭취량이 정상 골밀도군에서 골감소군보다 유의하게 높았다. 평균 에너지 섭취량은 동일한 연령대의 한국인영양섭취기준(KDRIs)과 비교하였을 때, 각 남학생 정상골밀도군 약 74%, 골감소군 67%, 여학생 정상골밀도군 약 89%, 골감소군 81%의 섭취수준을 나타내었다. 평균 단백질섭취량은 남녀 두 군 모두 100%를 상회하는 섭취 양상을 나타냈으며, 강한 뼈를 유지하거나 각종 신진대사에 필수적인 영양소이기 때문에 골격건강에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 칼슘의 경우 남학생과 여학생 모두 KDRIs와 비교하여 권장섭취기준의 약 63%정도로 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 골 건강 상태에 영향을 미치는 영양인자의 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과 연령, 성별 및 BMI를 교란변수로 통제하였을 경우 동물성 단백질, 동물성 철분 및 아연섭취는 골감소를 예방하는 보호 작용이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 동물성 단백질과 이들 미량 영양소의 섭취정도는 높은 식사의 질을 반영하므로 질적으로 우수한 식생활이 최대 골질량에 도달하는 시기인 20대의 골격형성과 건강을 위해 필수적인 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.1121-1128
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• 2010

Objective : This study was to survey the differences of bone mineral density and oral health-related characteristics according to smoking status. Methods : The data for this study were collected by Oral health-related questionnaire and BMD measurements of 20s adults(205) who were using gym in D college areas from July 5th to 9th, 2010. Results : 1. There were a significant difference of 65.4 % of male in smoker group, 59.8% of women in non smoker group(p=0.000). 2. There were a significant difference in subjective oral symptoms among yellow teeth(p=0.000). 3. There were no difference in the T-score of DMB according to smoking. Conclusion : According to the study on smoking, only subjective oral symptoms were shown while the differences at bone mineral density were insignificant. Above findings suggest that further study about the expanding the number and ages of the subjects, smoking, BMD, and oral health related studies is necessary.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2004

This study investigated the interactions of bone health with several variables such as outdoor activity hours, nutritional status including habitual intake of calcium andvitamin D status in 72 high school girls aged 16-17 yearsattending day classes or night classes. The subjects consisted of 39 day-class students and 33 night-class students. Dietaty nutrient intakes were estimated using the 24-hour recall method. The daily activities of each subject were assessed using an activity questionnaire. Urinary calcium and creatinine excretion were assayed from subjects' 24-hoururine, while 25-OH-vitamin D[25-(OH)-D] and osteocalcin were measured from the subjects' fasting blood. Intake of energy, iron, vitamin A and vitamin C were worse in the night-class students. There was no significant difference in dietary calcium between the subjects in the different class types. Time spent on outdoor activities was significantly less in subjects attending night classes. Urinary calcium excretion of the night-class subjects was significantly higher than that of the day-class subjects (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in serum 25-(OH)-D level according to class type. Serum osteocalcin for night-class subjects was significantly higher than that for day-class subjects (p<0.01). It appeared that the night-class students had poorer dietary habits as well as fewer outdoor activities. Even though the estimated bone health of both groups of subjects appeared to be normal, the overall nutritional intake and duration of outdoor activities appeared to be important for maintaining bone health and lowering the future risk of osteoporosis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.171-183
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• 2006

This study was conducted to examine dietary factors affecting bone status in the rural aged men. Quantitative ultrasound measurements (QUS) of bone, that may reflect certain architectural aspects of bone, have been shown to be associated with bone mineral density and fracture. Information of diet and anthropometry was collected in 164 aged men. Dietary intake data were obtained by 24-hour recall method. Measurements of the speed of sound (SOS, m/s), at distal radius, mid-tibia, phalanx, were performed using Omnisense 7000S analyzer (Sunlight Ltd., Tel Aviv, Israel). T-scores for bone SOS measurements at distal radius, mid-tibia and phalanx were 0.60, 0.03 and -0.42 respectively. The prevalence of osteopenia by use of the WHO criteria was 17.7% at the mid-tibia and 25.3% of the subjects at the distal radius. Age were negative association with bone SOS at three sites. Osteopenia group of radius were significantly lower in total foods and vegetable intakes than normal group. After adjusted for age, vegetable intakes were significantly and positively related to bone SOS at the radius. The bone SOS of the tibia were significantly and positively related to vegetable protein, iron, folate and vegetable intakes, but negatively related to fat intakes. Multiple regression analysis showed that bone SOS of tibia was positively associated with folate intakes. Vegetable intakes were positively associated with the bone SOS at three sites. These results indicate that the consumption of vegetables, sources of folate, may have a effect on bone status of men.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.3405-3411
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• 2009

본 논문은 일개 농촌주민들을 대상으로 신체구성, 운동(과거 운동여부), 체력상태, 골밀도를 조사하고, 골밀도와의 관련된 요인을 파악하여 농촌 주민들의 골다공증 예방을 위한 기초자료를 제시하고자 143명을 대상으로 연구하였고, 결과로서 조사대상자들 연령이 증가할수록, 교육수준이 낮을수록 골밀도가 낮았으며(p<0.05), 만성질환이 있는 경우는 없는 경우보다 골밀도가 낮았다(p<0.05). 그리고, 체중 BMI 체지방량 제지방량이 많이 나가는 경우가 낮은 경우보다 골밀도가 유의하게 높았으며(p<0.01), 과거 운동을 했던 경우와 기초 대사량이 높은 경우, 근육량이 많은 경우 골밀도가 높았다(p<0.01). 또한, 악력 윗몸일으키기 팔굽혀펴기 등 체력이 좋은 경우 골밀도가 높았으며(p<0.01), 골밀도 수치를 종속변수로 한 다중 회귀분석결과 연령, 만성질환 유무, 과거 운동유무가 유의한 변수로 나타났다.