• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.433-443
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• 2020

Objective : Osteoporosis is a disease of unbalanced bone metabolism that results in low bone mineral density with increased bone fragility and propensity for fractures. The increased rate of bone fracture due to osteoporosis places a significant burden on public health care expenditures. Therefore, numerous studies have been designed and performed to identify the drugs or health foods that can improve the bone quality or quantity. This study was designed to evaluate and analyze the therapeutic effects of rutin on histomorphometric values of the spine and femur in an osteoporotic mouse model induced by bilateral ovariectomy. Methods : Thirty female ICR mice (8 weeks old) underwent either a sham operation (only abdominal incision, sham group, n=10) or bilateral ovariectomy (n=20). The ovariectomized (OVX) animals were randomly divided into two groups : untreated OVX group (OVX-C, n=10), or rutin-administered group (OVX-R, n=10). The OVX-C group received weight-adjusted doses of saline vehicle and the OVX-R group received 50 mg/kg of rutin intraperitoneally, starting 1 day after surgery. At 4 and 8 weeks after surgery, serum estrogen, osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the telopeptide fragment of type I collagen C-terminus (CTX-1) were analyzed. Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were also analyzed. Bone histomorphometric parameters of the 4th lumbar vertebra and femur were determined by micro-computed tomography. Results : In OVX-C group, ALP, osteocalcin, CTX-1, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were significantly increased at 4 and 8 weeks compared to sham operation group. Rutin administration after OVX statistically significantly reduced ALP, CTX-1, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels at 4 and 8 weeks. Rutin administration also improves bone histomorphometric parameters including trabecular bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, and trabecular number. Trabecular separation was also decreased in OVX-R group compared to OVX-C group. Conclusion : The present study demonstrated that rutin has therapeutic effects on improving bone histomorphometric values in an OVX mouse model. The improvement in histomorphometric values may be associated with the reduction of osteoclastic activity via inhibition of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. In future studies, the mechanism for the effect of rutin on osteoporosis should be demonstrated more clearly to use rutin in human osteoporosis.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.62 no.5
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• pp.594-602
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• 2019

Objective : Although surgical intervention, such as percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP), is the standard treatment for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs), its effectiveness and safety are unclear. Therefore, this study compared the safety and efficacy of conservative treatment with that of PVP for acute OVCFs. Methods : Patients with single-level OVCFs who were treated conservatively with a transdermal fentanyl patch (TFP) or with PVP between March 2013 and December 2017 and followed-up for more than 1 year were retrospectively evaluated. Patients with pathologic fractures, fractures of more than two columns, or a history of PVP were excluded. Clinical outcomes (visual analog scale [VAS] scores) and radiographic factors were evaluated, including changes in the compression rate of the corresponding vertebral body at onset and after 12 months, sagittal Cobb angle at onset and after 6 and 12 months, and the incidence of adjacent compression fractures. Results : Of the 131 patients evaluated, 75 were treated conservatively using TFPs and 56 underwent PVP. We divided the patients into TFP and PVP groups. Their baseline characteristics (including sex, level of fracture, and bone mineral density T-scores) were similar, but the TFP group was significantly younger. The overall VAS score for pain showed a greater decrease during the first month (1 week after PVP) in the PVP group but remained similar in the two groups thereafter. The compression rate after 12 months increased in the TFP group but decreased in the PVP group. Five patients in the PVP group, but none in the TFP group, experienced adjacent compression fractures within 12 months. Conclusion : We compared clinical and radiological outcomes between the TFP and PVP groups. The immediate pain reduction effect was superior in the PVP group, but the final clinical outcome was similar. Although the PVP group had a better-preserved compression rate than the TFP group for 1 year, the development of adjacent fractures was significantly higher. Although TFPs seemed to be beneficial in reducing the failure rate of conservative treatment, the possibility of side effects (22.6%, 17 out of 75 patients, in this study) should be carefully monitored.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.445-448
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• 2006

Purpose: The nose is the most prominent skeletal feature of the face and is thus prone to frequent injury. Closed reduction of nasal bone fractures can be performed under general or local anesthesia. However, the benefits and the drawbacks in either form of anesthesia chosen are seldom perceived by the surgeon. A retrospective study was performed to assess the differences in the outcome among the two groups subjected to surgery under different type of anesthesia and to introduce our method of local anesthesia and its adequacy. Methods: Two hundred and fifteen patients during a 2-year period were included in the study. 2% Lidocaine mixed with 1:100,000 epinephrine was injected on the anterior ethmoid nerve and the periosteum. Assessment factors included intra-operative adequacy of analgesia, post-operative analgesic requirement and functional and aesthetic outcome of surgery. Results: 19 patients were manipulated under general anesthesia and 196 patients were manipulated under local anesthesia on the anterior ethmoidal nerve and dorsal periosteum. No statistically signigicant variable in performance of surgery could be attributed to the mode of anesthesia employed(p > 0.05). Four patients experienced complications after reduction. One developed septal deviation and three nasal obstruction. But, no secondary operations were needed. Conclusion: Anterior ethmoidal nerve block and dorsal periosteal injection of 2% Xylocaine, combined with topical intranasal 4% lidocaine and epinephrine provided sufficient analgesia comparable to that of general anesthesia.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.182-190
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• 2008

Fracture of mandible is the most frequent fracture among many types of maxillofacial fracture, and reduction of mandible fracture is performed using various methods of treatment to maintain bonding strength of fractured bone. Among these treatment of bone fracture, a semirigid fixation method which can reduce the period of intermaxillary fixation using metal mini plate under general or local anesthesia is spotlighted these days. The metal mini plate used during this semirigid fixation procedure is Titanium which is bio-inactive one and was used widely, but because the side effect of fracture reduction using titanium have been demonstrated recently, fracture reduction using biodegradable plate become to attract people's attention. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical case and review of the literature with the reduction of mandible fracture using biodegradable plate.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.62-65
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• 2008

Isolated acromial fracture is not common and it frequently accompanies fractures to the coracoid process and glenoid bone and also injuries to the acromioclavicular joint. Furthermore, most of these combined acromial fractures have minimal displacement, which needs no additional treatment other than protection for a certain period of time. We have experienced a case of isolated fracture of the posterolateral angle of the acromion, which we reduced and fixated using K-wire and cannulated screws. We report on the technical aspects and clinical results of this reduction and fixation, along with a review of the literature.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.222-227
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• 1998

This survey was based on the data of one hundred four dogs with 108 case,T of fracture admitted to the veterinary teaching hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University and 24 private small animal hospitals from January, 1995 to Decemberi 1996. The results were analyzed as following criteria; the distribution of fractures causes of fractured age and sexual distributions month of the most frequencel total body weights presence of communicating external wound, extent of damaged direction of fracture line, location of fracture liner fracture managements fixations methods, fixations methods according to location of fracture. The results of survey were as follow: 1. Main distribution of fracture; radius . ulna (23.1%).2. Causes of fracture; road toraffic accident (39.4 T,). 3. Age; over 24 months (27.9%). 4. Sex; male (53.89)), female (46.2%). 5. Month of the most frequence; July (14.4%) 6. Total body weight: 2-5 kg (45.27)). 7. Presence of communicating external wound; closed fracture (94.2%). 8. Extent of damage; complete fracture (92.6%). 9. Direction of fracture line: comminuted fracture (27.8 To). 10. Location of fracture line; diaphysis (62.0%). 11. Fracture management; open reduction (58.3% ). 12. Fixation methods; not treat (22.2%). 13. Fixation methods according to location of fracture; radius ulna-Kirschner wire fixation (45.5%), femur. shaft-intramedullary pinning (71.4%), pelvis-bone plate (53.3%), metacarpus-not treat, Kirschner wire fixation (each 30.8%).

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.178-182
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• 2020

Isolated fractures of lower sacrum are commonly treated conservatively in most cases because of low energy damage and stable fracture. However, surgical treatment is required in displaced unstable fracture. But the surgical technique is not established and even case reports are not common. We reported a case of displaced transverse fracture of the lower sacrum that was treated with an open reduction and dual plate fixation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.334-342
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Tai Chi exercise on flexibility, balance, walking ability, muscle strength, bone mineral density, and fracture risk in institutionalized elders. Method: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a nonequivalent comparison group was utilized, and 53 older adults living in one institution were recruited and assigned to one of two groups, experimental group (18) or comparison (20). Both groups completed posttest measures at 6 months. There was a 31% rate of dropouts. Tai Chi exercise was provided twice a week for 24 weeks. Outcome measurements were conducted by a physiotherapist at a university hospital health promotion center who did not know the group assignment. Results: At 6 months, the experimental group had significantly greater grip strength(t=2.12, p=.04), back muscle strength (t=2.42, p=.02), balance (t=5.31, p<001), and flexibility (t=3.57, p<.001). They also showed significantly greater bone mineral density of lumbar spine and femur, and reduced fracture risk. Conclusion: Tai Chi exercise was safely and effectively used with institutionalized elders for 6 months and significantly improved physical fitness, bone mineral density along with a reduction in fracture risk. Whether Tai Chi exercise would lead to prevention of fall episodes and fall related fractures in this population will require further study.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.497-503
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• 2014

Minimally invasive intramedullary nail insertion or plate osteosynthesis has shown good results for the treatment of long bone fractures. However, directly seeing the fracture site is impossible; surgeons can only confirm bone fragments through a fluoroscopic imaging system. The narrow field of view of the equipment causes malalignment of the fracture reduction, and radiation exposure to medical staff is inevitable. This paper suggests two methods to solve these problems: surgical navigation using 3D models reconstructed from computed tomography (CT) images to show the real positions of bone fragments and estimating the rotational angle of proximal bone fragments from 2D fluoroscopic images. The suggested methods were implemented using open-source code or software and evaluated using a model bone. The registration error was about 2 mm with surgical navigation, and the rotation estimation software could discern differences of $2.5^{\circ}$ within a range of $15^{\circ}$ through a comparison with the image of a normal bone.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.99-107
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• 2008

Objective : The objective of this review was to provide reliable comparative results regarding the effectiveness of any interventions either open or closed that can be used in the management of fractured mandibular condyle Patients and Methods : Research of studies from MEDLINE and Cochrane since 1990 was done. Controlled vocabulary terms were used. MeSH Terms were "Mandibular condyle" AND "Fractures, bone". Only comparative study were considered in this review using the "limit" function. According to the criteria, two review authors independently assessed the abstracts of studies resulting from the searches. The studies were divided according to some criteria, and following were measured: Ramus height, condyle sagittal displacement, condyle Towns's image displacement, Maximum open length, Protrusion & Lateral excursion, TMJ pain, Malocclusion, and TMJ disorder. Results : Many studies were analyzed to review the post-operative result of the two methods of treatment. Ramus height decreased more in when treated by closed reduction as opposed to open reduction. Sagittal condyle displacement was shown to be greater in closed reduction. Condyle Town's image condyle displacement had greater values in closed reduction. Maximum open length showed lower values in closed reduction. In protrusive and lateral movement, closed reduction was less than ORIF. Closed reduction showed greater occurrence of malocclusion than ORIF. However, post-operative pain and discomfort was greater in ORIF. Conclusion : In almost all categories, ORIF showed better results than CRIF. However, the use of the open reduction method should be considered due to the potential surgical morbidity and increased hospitalization time and cost. To these days, Endoscopic surgical techniques for ORIF (EORIF) are now in their infancy with the specific aims of eliminating concern for damage to the facial nerve and of reducing or eliminating facial scars. Before performing any types of treatment, patients must be understood of both of the treatment methods, and the best treatment method should be taken on permission.