• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 1988

The author studied the vertical height of tooth crown and the amounts of alveolar bone resorption with age. All 84 subjects(44 male, 40female) who visited Dental hospital of Wonkwang University with no history of sever periodontal disease and no experience of periodontal surgery. 84 subject were divided into 3 groups by age, that is, group I(28-32yrs), group II(38-42yrs), and group III(48-52yrs). Informal radiogram with bite wing film(horizontal angulation : $0^{\circ}$, vertical angulation : $+5^{\circ}~+10^{\circ}$) were taken on premolar and molar area. The distances from cusp tip to cementoenamel junction (vertical height of tooth crown) and from cementoenamel junction alveolar crest(amount of alveolar bone resorption) were measured, and then recorded data from 946 teeth were statistically analysed. This study was undertaken to obtain the data for age estimation by the changes of tooth crown height and alveolar bone resorption in the point of forensic odontology. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The average crown height of mandibular right 1st. molar was 7.1mm in group I, 6.7mm in group II, and 6.6mm group III, and the average amount of alveolar bone resorption on mandibular right 1st. molar were 1.8mm in group I, 2.5mm in group II, and 3.0mm in group III. Ratio of tooth crown height to amount of alveolar bone resorption was 4.0:1 in groupI, 2.7:1 in group II, and 2.2:1 in group III, the ratio was decreased with age. 2. In comparison with upper teeth and lower teeth in ipsilateral side, the average value of tooth crown height and amount of alveolar bone resorption were slightly higher in upper arch than those in lower arch, but there was not a statistically significant difference. 3. The ratio of height of tooth crown to amount of alveolar bone resorption was decreased with age, and which depended mainly upon the change of amount of alveolar bone resorption rather than the change of tooth crown height.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.24 no.3 s.46
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• pp.673-693
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• 1994

Most adults, unlike growing children, have some periodontal problems which can influence the outcome of the orthodontic treatment. In cases where periodontal disease progression resulted in marked reduction of periodontium, orthodontic treatment could result in the worsening of the periodontal conditions, and therefore orthodontic treatment planning in such adult patients requires special considerations for the periodontal problems. This study investigates the effects of horizontal orthodontic tooth movement on the changes in the mesial, distal and furcation areas of the disease affected periodontium of adult dogs with advanced bone loss. Six adult dogs with healthy periodontium were selected, and mandibular 2nd premolars were extracted. In the mandibular 3rd premolars, angular bony defects in the mesial and distal sides, and horizontal bony defects in the furcation areas were created. Those that received the flap operation and plaque control were designated as the control, those that had horizontal tooth movement without plaque control after the flap operation as Experimental group I, those that had horizontal tooth movement under plaque control without the flap operation as Experimental group II, and those that had horizontal tooth movement under plaque control after the flap operation as Experimental group III. The control group was sacrificed 2 months postoperatively, and the experimental groups were sacrificed 5 months after the initiation of tooth movement. Specimens were histologically analyzed under light microscope. The results were as follows; 1. After the horizontal tooth movements, Experimental group I and II showed angular bony defects in the mesial sides of the roots and the distal side of the furcation areas, which correspond to the pressure sides. 2. After the horizontal tooth movements, Experimental group I and II showed decreased level of alveolar bone crest in the distal sides of the roots, which correspond to the tension sides. 3. Long junctional epithelium in the control group has not been replaced by periodontal connective tissue after the horizontal tooth movements. 4. Limited formation of new bone was observed in the angular bony defects in the mesial and distal aspects of the roots in the control group. 5. Inflammatory cell infiltration in the connective tissue was most severe in the Experimental group I, followed by Experimental group II, III, and the control group in that order. These results seem to indicate that plaque control was the most influencing factor in the alteration of the periodontal tissue after the horizontal tooth movements in the periodontal tissue with alveolar bone defects.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.264-270
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• 2005

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of red-yeast-rice on blood lipids and also to investigated the relation of blood lipids, bone related hormones, and bone mineral density in overiectomized rats. Forty female rats (body weight $210\pm5$g) were divided into two groups. The rats in the first group were ovariectomized which the others received sham operation (SHAM). And then each rat group was further divided into control diet $(casein\;20\%)$ and red-yeast-rice powder supplemented $(0.1\%)$ diet group. All rats were fed on experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 9 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured using PIXImus in spine and femur. Bone formation and bone resorption were measured by serum osteocalcin and urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD) crosslinks value. Serum growth hormone, IGF-1 and calcitonin were analyzed using radioimmunoassay kits. The red-yeast-rice group had significantly lower the blood triglyceride concentration and had lower the blood total cholesterol concentration than casein group did in ovariectomized rats. And the red-yeast-rice group than casein group in ovariectomized rats. The red-yeast-rice group had significantly lower the atherogenic index than control group within the ovariectomized groups. In the experimental rats, serum total cholesterol concentration was negatively correlated with femur BMC and crosslink value. Crosslink value was negatively correlated with spine BMC and IGF-1. Osteocalcin concentration was negatively correlated with crosslink value. Growth hormone was negatively correlated with crosslink value and positively correlated with spine BMC. The findings of this study suggest that red-yeast-rices are beneficial for blood lipid in ovariectomized rats. And when considering a population-based public health approach to lowering cholesterol and bone loss, and preventing coronary heart disease and osteoporosis, the red-yeast-rice dietary supplement could provide a new approach for the maintenance of healthier cholesterol and bone.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.193-205
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• 1999

This study was carried out to identify the important risk factors for reduced bone mass of postmenopausal RA patients and to develop discriminant function which can classify postmenopausal RA patients with either reduced or normal bone mass. Through the literature review, individual characteristics such as age, body weight, height, age of menarche, duration of menopause, gravity, parity, and breast feeding period and factors of life style such as milk consumption exercise habit, alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, coffee consumpt ion , disease activity, corticosteroid therapy were identified as influencing factors of reduced bone mass in RA patients Sixty eight postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis aged between 42 and 76 were selected among those who checked bone mineral density in lumbar spine and femur from october, 1998 to Apr il, 1999 at Dong-a university hospital in Pusan. Assessment of disease activity, duration of disease and corticosteroid therapy were made by the same rheumatologist and included Ritchie articular index, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein on measuring bone mineral density. Cumulative steroid dosage was calculated from the daily dosage multiplied by t h e number of days received. The information of other risk factor including health assessment score, individual characteristics and life style factors were collected by questionnaire. Bone mineral density(BMD) was measured using DXA at lumbar spine and femoral Ward's triangle. Discriminant function(regression equation) was developed for estimating the likelihood of the presence or absence of reduced bone mass. The results are as follows: Among the subjects, thirteen(19.1%) exhibited osteoporosis in lumbar spine and twenty four(35.3%) exhibited osteoporosis in femoral Ward's triangle. For lumbar spine, the variables significant were age, body weight, health assessment score, while for femoral Ward's triangle, age, body weight, duration of disease. But disease activity and corticosteroid therapy were not signigicant to distinguish reduced bone mass from normal bone mass. When the discriminant function was evaluated by comparing the observed out come with predicted out come, the discriminant function correctly classified 85.4% of patients with reduce bone mass and 63.0% of patients with normal bone mass in the lumbar spine and 100% of patients with reduced bone mass and 9.1% of patients with normal bone mass in the femoral Ward's triangle. In summary, we found that osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with RA is more evident at the femur than the lumbar spine. Also the important discriminant factors of reduced bone mass postmenopausal women with RA were age, body weight , duration of disease and health disability. In nursing situation, the efforts to improve of functional capacity of postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis should be considered to prevent osteoporosis and fractures. Also we recommend those postmenopausal women with RA who are classified as a group of the reduced bone mass in the discriminant function should examine the bone mineral density to further examine the usefulness of this discriminant function.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2008

Purpose: Osteoporosis that occurred after menopause is one of the most common metabolic disease. and it is that bone mass significant decrease in comparison with normal people. Its symptoms are fracture, decrease of height, etc. The purpose of this study is to examine what are the effects of the Gamisoyosan on the aged ovariectomized rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Methods: 24 female rats were ovariectomized and divided into normal group(normal), ovariectomized group(control), and treated with Gamisoyosan group(treated). During 8 weeks we dosed D.W to sham and control group, and dosed Gamisoyosan(105 mg/100 g) to experimental group. After 8 weeks we sacrificed rats and measured the body weight, albumin, P, Calcium, ALP, total cholesterol, triglyceride, AST, ALT, T4, estradiol, the femur weight, the tibia ash weight, trabecular bone area, trabecular thickness, osteoclast number. Results: The level of serum albumin, calcium, AST, ALT, estradiol in Gamisoyosan group showed significant increase in comparison with control group. The level of serum triglyceride in Gamisoyosan group showed significant decrease in comparison with control group. Trabecular bone area and osteoclast number in Gamisoyosan group showed significant increase in comparison with control group. Conclusions: Reviewing these experimental results, Gamisoyosan has shown to activate osteogenesis and prevent bone resorption, and it should show efficacy on prevention and improvement of osteoporosis after menopause.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.662-669
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Osteoporosis and osteoporosis-related disease are drawing a lot of attention in Korea as one of the serious health problems. Bone health status may be influenced by the general dietary quality and dietary pattern. SUBJECTS/METHODS: To determine the relationship between dietary quality and intake patterns and bone health status, the %RNI, NAR, DDS, and food group intake patterns were assessed according to their bone health status for 847 postmenopausal women using the 2010 KNHANES data after eliminating those of likely changing their diet under the advice of doctors or those taking estrogen. RESULTS: Bone health became worse as dietary quality deteriorated. All NAR and %RNI values were highly associated with bone health levels and the consumption frequency of Ca sources, DDS and the food group intake patterns also confirmed the findings. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed that dietary quality and dietary patterns were important for bone health. Nutritional education on eating foods from the five basic food groups has to be emphasized to prevent osteoporosis among older women.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.793-807
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• 2006

This study was performed to estimate the effect of alphacalcidol supplementation or nutrition education on the nutrient intakes, bone mineral density and bone markers in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. The 90 CAPD subjects were randomly assigned to 3 groups (alphacalcidol group: AG, nutrition education group: NG, and control group: CG). Alphacalcidol supplementation($0.5{\mu}g/day$) was carried out for 8 months. Nutrition counseling was performed according to the patient s individual question for the first 6 months and scheduled nutrition education with individual counseling was carried out for the last 2 months. In baseline data. there were no significant differences in age, sex, family number, education years and monthly income except the NG showed significantly less duration of CAPD (p< 0.05) compared to other two groups. After intervention all three groups showed tendency of lower intakes. NG revealed less decrease in protein, especially in animal protein calcium from Ca-P binder, dietary calcium, dietary iron and niacin. NG showed significantly more increase in dry weight (p<0.05) and AG in waist circumference (p<0.001) after intervention. The groups did not show significant differences in the changes of biochemical indices related to bone metabolism. NG revealed more increase in trochanter BMD(p < 0.05) compared to other two groups. It seems that nutrition education is more effective in preventing deterioration or improving the bone and general nutrition status.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.526-540
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• 1992

Osteoporosis, a well known metabolic bone disease, occurs due to imbalance of bone formings and resorptions. In an attempt investigate if postmenopausal osteoporosis would have influence on the mandible, histomorphometric analysis was performed in the mandible and the femur of the albino rats. Osteoporosis was induced by bilateral oophorectomy. To determine the effect of calcitonin, calcitonin(Asahi Chemical Co., Japan) was injected in the oophorectomized rats. The results were as follows : 1. The width of cortical bone of the femur was decreased in the oophorectomized group compared to the normal control and calcitonin injected groups and the porosity of cortical bone of the femur was increased in the oophorectomized group compared to the normal control and calcitonin injected groups. 2. The osteoid tissue and resorption lacuna of the femur was increased in both oophorectormized and calcitonin injected groups than the normal control group. 3. The width of cortical bone of the mandible was decreased in the oophorectomized group compared to the normal control and calcitonin injected groups. 4. The porosity of cortical bone of the mandible was decreased in both oophorectomized and calcitonin injected groups than the normal control group. 5. The relative volume of trabecular bone of the mandible was decreased in the oophorectomized group compared to the normal control and calcitonin injected groups. 6. The osteoid tissue of the mandible was increased in the calcitonin injected group than the normal control and oophorectomized groups. 7. The resorption lacuna of the mandible was increased in both oophorectomized and calcitonin injected groups, particularly in the oophorectomized group.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

Osteoporosis is the most prevalent metabolic bone disease and is characterized by diminished bone strength predisposing to an increased risk of fracture. Thus, this study was performed (1) to examine the effect of aquatic exercise on osteoporosis caused by an ovariectomy in the rats, and (2) to elucidate involvement of histopathologic findings in mediating these actions. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Body weight of the subjects increased after the experiment. There was a statistically significant difference (p<.05) between Group I (sham operated) and Group II (control group). 2. In respect to the length, circumference and weight of the femur, there was no statistically significant difference between the control group and the other groups (p>.05). 3. With the osteocalcin level used as one of the bone formation indexes the bone mineral density increased in every group in comparison with the control group, and in particular, there was a statistically significant difference between Group III and Group IV. The above results suggest that aquatic exercise treatment is effective in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.144-154
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• 2008

Objectives: Osteoporosis is one of the most common metabolic bone disorders in the menopausal stage, a disease signified by decrease of bone mass. The purpose of this study was to learn how Lycii Fructus influences SD rats with osteoporosis caused by the removal of the ovaries. Methods: After the removal of the ovaries from 24 female Sprague-Dawley rats, they were divided into a normal group, a control group, and a Lycii Fructus (25mg/100g) administration group. After 8 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and their weights, albumin, AST, ALT, ALP, total-cholesterol, triglyceride, P, Ca, T4, E2, weight of a femur, ash content of the tibia, and area and thickness of trabecular bone were measured. Results: Regarding the density of ALT, ALP, and estradiol from serum, the Lycii Fructus group was significantly decreased compared to the control group, and the density of phosphorous and calcium also decreased slightly. Moreover, albumin, triglyceride, and T4 showed an increasing propensity, but AST and total-cholesterol showed a decreasing propensity, but not significant. Regarding the variation of bone, femur weight and ash content of tibia, the Lycii Fructus group was increased compared to the control group but significance wasn't shown. The Lycii Fructus group increased significantly over the control group in area and thickness of trabecular bone and osteoclast number. Conclusions: From the results of the above study, Lycii Fructus should be effective for osteoporosis treatment and prevention.