• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.208-209
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• 2005

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.11-22
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• 2003

Objective : As the average span of human life extends, more and more people are at risk of developing osteoporosis, one of the typical diseases of the aged. This thesis presents the effects of Jeungikgwiryon-tang (Tsengikueijung-tang) on bone density, bone biochemical markers, and fetal calvarial cells (FCC) of Sprague Dawleys (S.D.) rats that have induced osteoporosis. The purpose is to see how Jeungikgwiryon-tang (Tsengikueijung-tang) reduces osteoporosis symptoms. Methods : In the first experiment Sprague Dawleys rats were administered Jeungikgwiryon-tang (Tsengikueijung-tang) for 70 days, once a day. Two different doses were used, creating high-dosed and low-dosed groups. The results were compared with a control group. In the second experiment, Jeungikgwiryon-tang (Tsengikueijung-tang) was applied to fetal calvarial cells (FCC) obtained from fetuses inside pregnant Sprague Dawleys rats. The FCCs from high-dosed and low-dosed groups were compared with those from a control group. Results : 1. Bone densities in Groups A and B increased significantly from a control group. 2. Bone ash densities in Group A showed substantial increase. 3. Calcium and phosphorus in bones in Group A increased significantly. 4. Activity of fetal calvarial cells' division in Groups A and B increased significantly from a control group, and ALP of fetal calvarial cells' formation in Group A increased significantly. 5. Protein and collagen levels of fetal calvarial cells in Group A increased significantly. Conclusion : It was found that Jeungikgwiryon-tang (Tsengikueijung-tang) has a tendency to make significant increases in bone densities by enhancing bone formation and by retarding bone absorption. It was concluded that Jeungikgwiryon-tang (Tsengikueijung-tang) activates osteoblast cells effectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.145-150
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• 1992

To determine the effect of dietary potassium and lysine levels on blood parameters, serum and bone composition, 360 male broiler chicks of 3 days of age were used in a completely randomized $3{\times}3$ factorial experiment for 6 weeks. Experimental diets contained three supplemented levels of dietary potassium (0.3, 0.6 and 1.2%) and three supplemented levels of dietary lysine (0.6, 1.2 and 2.4%). Dietary levels of potassium and lysine did not influence blood pH, $pCO_2$, $pO_2$, $HCO_3$ and total $CO_2$ and interaction between potassium and lysine was not shown (p > 0.05). Serum lysine and arginine contents were significantly different by the levels of dietary lysine (p < 0.05). Lysine-arginine antagonism was observed in high lysine diet. But increasing dietary potassium did not alleviated the lysine-arginine antagonism. Serum sodium, potassium and chloride were not affected by dietary potassium and lysine levels (p > 0.05). Femur weight, length and P contents were affected by the levels of dietary lysine (p < 0.01). But no difference was observed in femur ash and Ca contents (p > 0.05). Interaction between potassium and lysine was shown in ash and P contents (p < 0.01).

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.43 no.10 s.293
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• pp.601-606
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• 2006

For the purpose of development of red color stain body, bone body which can be fired at 1180$^{\circ}C$ and has a higher degree of whiteness and transmission was developed and a property experiment depending on the content of $Fe_2O_3$ was performed. For manufacturing this body, 9% addition of bone ash to commercialized white body resulted in the best whiteness and proper physical characteristics. In an experiment of oxidized iron addition using this body as a basis, red color stain body fired up to 1150$^{\circ}C$ following the addition of 6% oxidized iron showed physical characteristics such as 5.4R color closer to theory color, 0.08% water absorption rate, 9.1% shrinkage, and 1861 kgf/$cm^2$ bending strength, which implies that this body is suitable for red color stain body.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 1998

This study was conducted to determine the interaction of dietary wheat bran and dietary calcium levels n)n calcium utilization in post-breeding female rats. It was designed to compare the effects of four different levels (2.5, 5, 10 and 20%) of wheat bran and two different levels (0.5 and 1%) of calcium on bone and calcium balance in post-breeding female rats over a ten-week period. The effects of diet on animal weight gain, serum calcium, femur weight, femur calcium concentration, bone mass and calcium balance were determined and statistically analyzed. The addition of 20% wheat bran significantly (p$\leq$0.05) decreased the weight gain of rats. Serum calcium and bone calcium contents were more affected by dietary calcium level than by dietary wheat bran level. There was no significant difference in fat-free solid, ash, percentage of ash to fat-free solid and percentage of calcium to ash among groups. Groups fed the 1% calcium diet had a higher percentage of calcium to fat-free solid. All rats were in positive calcium balance during the three-4ay experimental period. The average calcium balance of the rats fed 1% calcium diet ranged from 25.34 to 53.90mg and the average calcium balance of the rats fed the 0.5% calcium diet ranged from 26.71 to 32.90mg. In rats receiving 2.5% wheat bran, the difference in calcium balance between the group fed the 1% calcium diet and the group fed the 0.5% calcium diet was only 1.37mg, which was not significantly (p$\leq$0.05) different. In rats receiving 20% wheat bran, the difference in calcium balance between the group fed the 1% calcium diet and the group fed the 0.5% calcium diet was 19.S7mg, which was significantly (p$\leq$0.05) different. The addition of wheat bran caused an increase in the calcium balance of the rats adminslesed the 1% calcium diet. On the other hand, the addition of wheat bran had no effect on the calcium balance of the rats adminislesed the 0.5% calcium diet. In conclusion, calcium utilization of rats wire more positively affected by the interaction of both dietary wheat bran levels and dietary calcium levels than either dietary wheat bran levels or dietary calcium levels alone. Moderate wheat bran consumption did not interfere with the calcium metabolism of rats when calcium intake was high enough.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.1171-1175
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• 2005

An experiment was conducted (28 to 44 weeks) to study the laying performance, shell quality, and nutrient retention of White Leghorn layers fed different levels of non-phytate phosphorus (NPP). Six levels of NPP (0.15, 0.18, 0.21, 0.24, 0.27 and 0.30%) at a constant calcium (Ca) level (3.5%) in maize-soya-deoiled rice bran based diets were formulated, and each experimental diet was offered ad libitum for 16 weeks to five replicates with five birds in each replicate. The body weight of WL layers fed diet containing 0.15% NPP was significantly (p<0.05) lower than those fed diet with 0.30% NPP, at 44 weeks of age. However, the hen day egg production, egg weight, daily feed intake and feed consumed per dozen eggs were not influenced by the variation in the NPP levels in the diet. The bone ash content was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the birds fed 0.30% NPP as compared with those fed diets up to 0.24% NPP. Bone ash content was intermediate in the birds fed diet containing 0.27% NPP. The tibia strength followed the same trend as that of bone ash. Dietary NPP content had no influence on serum Ca and protein concentration and activity of alkaline phosphatase. However, serum inorganic P concentration increased linearly with NPP content in the diet. The concentration of P was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the birds fed 0.27% NPP or higher as compared with those fed 0.15% NPP. Levels of dietary NPP had no influence on egg quality parameters like shell wt, shell thickness, shell strength and specific gravity. The retention of nutrients such as DM, N and Ca were comparable among the WL layers fed different levels of NPP. However, the retention of P decreased linearly with increase in the level of NPP in the diet. The retention of P in the birds fed diets up to 0.24% NPP in the diet was comparable, however further increasing the content of NPP (either 0.27% or 0.30%) reduced the retention of P. Based on the results of the present study, 0.15% NPP (180 mg/b/d) in the diets of WL layers is adequate for optimum production performance during 28 to 44 weeks of age, however, WL layers require 0.27% NPP (324 mg /b/d) in the diet for optimum production with better bone mineralization.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.12-25
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• 2010

This study was carried out to evaluate the bioavailabilities and the digestibilities of oligopeptide chelated (peptide-Ca), anchovy bone (anchovy-Ca) and methionine hydroxyl analogue (MHA-Ca) calcium compared to those of calcium carbonate in rats. In exp1, $CaCO_3$, were added to the basal diet at level of 0, 30 and 60% calcium of the AIN-93G diet. In test groups, peptide-Ca, anchovy-Ca and MHA-Ca, were added to the basal diet to provide calcium at the level of 40% of AIN-93G. In exp1, the bioavailabilities were evaluated from the regression equation of the ratios of theological/ actual calcium intakes of each dietary treatment. In exp2, urine and feces was to evaluate the true- and apparent digestibility and apparent retention. In exp1, Ca-60% group had higher bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC) and bone breaking strength (BBS) than those of the other standard groups. The bone weight and ash content of the peptide-Ca and anchovy-Ca groups were significantly higher than those of the MHA-Ca. Bone calcium content were not significantly different from the test group. The bioavailability of the MHA-Ca group was shown higher BMD (71%), BS (38%) and BBS (27%) compared to another control group. But the regression coefficient for BMD, BS and BBS were lower compare with that of bone ash and BMC. In exp2, the true- and apparent digestibility of test groups were shown to over 90%. Peptide-Ca was not significantly different from other test group, but digestibility and retention were higher compare to other test groups. In conclusion, peptide-Ca, anchovy-Ca and MHA-Ca improved Ca bioavailability in the rats. The compounds were higher Ca digestibility compared with those of $CaCO_3$. It is assumed that difference of digestibility for test groups may be correlated to the bioavailability of test groups in BMD, BMC, BS, BBS and bone ash respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.979-985
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• 2001

Two experiments on commercial broiler chickens (3-37 d) and WL layers (252-364 d) were conducted to study the relative bioavailability of phosphorus (P) from different P supplements in comparison to tricalcium phosphate (TCP), at constant dietary calcium (Ca):P ratio. The P sources tested were dicalcium phosphate (DCP), steam sterilized bone meal (SSBM), commercial mineral mixture (CMM), phosphoric acid (PA) and a combination of CMM + PA. Fluorine (F) content in CMM and SSBM was 13.12 and 0.14 g/kg, respectively. In commercial broiler diets, DCP, SSBM or PA could be used as supplemental P sources without affecting (p<0.05) weight gain, feed intake, tibia ash and, P and Ca contents in tibia ash when compared to TCP. Severity of leg abnormality and deposition of F in bone were higher (p<0.05) in group fed CMM. P retention and serum inorganic P content was significantly reduced (p<0.05) in CMM fed birds compared to those fed TCP, SSBM, PA or CMM+PA. Among other P sources (TCP, SSBM, PA and CMM+PA) the serum inorganic P levels did not vary significantly (p<0.05). The P retention also significantly reduced in CMM fed groups compared to those fed DCP or PA. The P retention significantly increased from 0.183 to 0.216 units by supplementation of PA to CMM diet. In layers, egg production was not affected by replacing TCP with DCP, SSBM, PA or CMM+PA, but significantly (p<0.05) reduced with CMM. Feed (kg)/kg egg mass, egg weight, shell quality (shell weight and shell thickness) and serum Ca levels were not influenced by dietary variation in P source. The poor performance of both broilers and layers fed on CMM based diets could be attributed to the presence of hlgher levels of F (647.8 and 630.1 mg/kg, respectively) and low P utilization. Based on growth, bone mineralization and P retention it is concluded that DCP, SSBM or PA can be used as alternatives to TCP in broiler diets. In WL layer diets, in addition to above P sources, CMM can also be used as supplemental P source by replacing one half of P from CMM with PA without affecting egg production and shell quality.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.83-95
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• 2007

Objectives : The present study had been undertaken to investigate the effects of Korean Corni Fructus(KCF) on treatment of osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. Method : In this experiment, the rats were ovariectomized. Rats were administered by KCF. The levels of bone mineral density, osteocalcin, ALP, calcium, phosphorus in serum, calcium, phosphorus, deoxypyridinoline in urine, calcium, phosphorus, ash weight of bone, body weight and uterus weight were measured. Results : The levels of femoral and fibula-tibial bone mineral density were significantly increased in comparison with OVX group at 4, 8 weeks in KCF group. The levels of serum osteoclacin showed significant decrease in comparison with OVX group at 4, 8 weeks in KCF group. The levels of serum ALP showed significant decrease in comparison with OVX group at 4 week in KCF group. The levels of serum calcium showed significant increase in comparison with OVX group at 8 week in KCF group. The levels of urine calcium and phosphoruls showed significant decrease in comparison with OVX group in KCF group. The levels of femoral and fibula-tibial calcium didn't show significant changes in comparison with OVX group in KCF group. The levels of femoral and fibula-tibial phosphorus didn't show significant changes in comparison with OVX group in KCF group. The levels of femoral and fibula-tibial ash weight didn't show significant changes in comparison with OVX group in KCF group. The levels of body weight were significantly decreased in comparison with OVX group at 4, 8 weeks in KCF group. The levels of uterus weight were significantly increased in comparison with OVX group in KCF group. Conclusion : Reviewing these experimetal results, it appeared that KCF had efficacy on treatment of osteoporosis.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.295-307
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• 2019

In the process of the conservation treatment of the glass eyes of the stone standing Maitreya of Daejosa temple, Buyeo (Treasure No. 217), a blackish material, expected to be the adhesive for fixing the glass eyes, was collected and analyzed. Infrared spectroscopy and pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (pyrolysis/GC/MS) were employed to identify the organic material in the sample. The IR analysis revealed the presence of materials such as apatite or bone black. The pyrogram of the sample was similar to that of Asian lacquer, among traditional adhesives. In particular, the pyrolysis/GC/MS analysis with online methylation detected 1,2-dimethoxy-3-pentadecylbenzene, methyl 7-(2,3- dimethoxyphenyl) heptanoate, and methyl 8-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)octanoate. These are known to be the pyrolysis products of catechol and its oxidation product, which indicated the presence of Asian lacquer in the sample. X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, and thermal gravimetry analysis showed that the sample contained ca. 60% inorganic substances, including apatite. Radiocarbon dating of the sample suggested that the blackish material was applied between the late 13^th and early 15^th century, revealing some discrepancy with the art-historical manufacturing time of the Maitreya. From the above analysis, it was concluded that Asian lacquer and bone ash were used to attach the glass eyes by forming a thick blackish lacquer layer.