• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.137-156
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• 2016

Due to excellent advantages such as better illuminative effects, considerable material savings and ease and rapidness of construction, the bolted ball-cylinder joint which is a new type joint system has been proposed in space truss structures. In order to reveal more information and understanding on the behaviour of bolted ball-cylinder joints, full-scale experiments on eight bolted ball-cylinder joint specimens were conducted. Five joint specimens were subjected to axial compressive force, while another three joint specimens were subjected to axial tensile force. The parameters investigated herein were the outside diameter of hollow cylinders, the height of hollow cylinders, the thickness of hollow cylinders, ribbed stiffener and axial force. These joint specimens were collapsed by excessive deformation of hollow cylinders, punching damage of hollow cylinders, evulsion of bolts, and weld cracking. The strain distributions on the hollow cylinder opening were mainly controlled by bending moments. To improve the ultimate bearing capacity and axial stiffness of bolted ball-cylinder joints, two effective measures were developed: (1) the thickness of the hollow cylinder needed to be thicker; (2) the ribbed stiffener should be adopted. In addition, the axial stiffness of bolted ball-cylinder joints exhibited significant non-linear characteristics.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.343-365
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• 2019

Among the themes related to earthquake countermeasures at construction sites, those for tower cranes are particularly important. An accident involving the collapse of a crane during the construction of a skyscraper has serious consequences, such as human injury or death, enormous repair costs, and significant delays in construction. One of the causes of deadly tower crane collapses is the destruction of the site joints of the tower crane mast. This paper proposes a new design method by static elastoplastic finite element analysis using a supercomputer for the design of the end plate-type tensile bolted joints, which are generally applied to the site joints of a tower crane mast. This new design method not only enables highly accurate and reliable joint design but also allows for a design that considers construction conditions, such as the introduction of a pre-tension axial force on the bolts. By applying this new design method, the earthquake resistance of tower cranes will undoubtedly be improved.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.265-272
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• 2018

A detailed study was carried out on the tensile properties of the single-lap joint of a steel panel bolted/bonded to a composite laminate with a flanging. Finite element model (FEM) was established to predict the strength and to analyze the damage propagation of the hybrid joints by ABAQUS/Standard, which especially adopted cohesive elements to simulate the interface between the laminate and adhesive. The strength and failure mode predicted by FEM were in good agreement with the experimental results. In addition, three influence factors including adhesive thickness, bolt preload and bolt-hole clearance were studied. The results show that the three parameters have effect on the first drop load of the load-displacement curve, but the effect of bolt-hole clearance is the largest. The bolt-hole clearance should be avoided for hybrid joints.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.637-656
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• 2021

The component-based method is widely used to analyze the initial stiffness of joint in steel structures. In this study, an analytical component model for determining the column face stiffness of square or rectangular hollow section (SHS/RHS) subjected to tension was established, focusing on endplate connections. Equations for calculating the stiffness of the SHS/RHS column face in bending were derived through regression analysis using numerical results obtained from a finite element model database. Because the presence of bolt holes decreased the bending stiffness of the column face, this effect was calculated using a novel plate-spring-based model through numerical analysis. The developed component model was first applied to predict the bending stiffness of the SHS column face determined through tests. Furthermore, this model was incorporated into the component-based method with other effective components, e.g., bolts under tension, to determine the tensile stiffness of the T-stub connections, which connects the SHS column, and the initial rotational stiffness of the joints. A comparison between the model predictions, test data, and numerical results confirms that the proposed model shows satisfactory accuracy in evaluating the bending stiffness of SHS column faces.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.643-658
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• 2017

High strength preloadable bolt assemblies are commonly adopted in beam-to-column bolted connections. Nowadays, two systems of high strength preloadable grade 10.9 bolt assembly are recommended in Europe for structural applications, namely HR and HV, which are characterized by different failure modes. Recently, experimental tests performed on HR and HV bolt assemblies highlighted that the type of bolt assembly may significantly influence the joint response. Therefore, the accuracy of numerical modelling of bolt assemblies is crucial to simulate effectively the non-linear behaviour of bolted joints with either failure mode 2 or mode 3 of the bolt rows. In light of these considerations, this present paper describes and discusses some modelling criteria for both HR and HV bolts to be implemented in 3D finite element models by finite element analysis and structural designers. The comparison between the calibrated models and experimental results shows the accuracy of the proposed assumptions in simulating all stages of assembly tensile response.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.617-626
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 드릴천공 대비 산소토치로 볼트홀을 천공한 강재의 인장강도 평가와 지압이음강도 평가를 위한 실험 연구를 수행하였다. 강재의 인장강도 평가를 위해 앵글과 H-형강으로부터 각각 두께 10mm와 20mm의 드릴 및 산소천공 시험편을 제작하였다. 지압이음강도의 평가를 위해서는 모재와 첨접판을 드릴천공한 강재와 산소천공한 강재를 조합하여 시험체들을 제작하고 볼트이음강도 평가 실험을 수행하였다. 한편, 산소천공 시 열영향으로 인한 볼트홀 주위의 강재 성질의 변화를 평가하기 위해 비커스 경도를 측정하고 그 결과를 제시하였다. 또한, 산소천공 시 볼트홀 주위의 경도 증가에 따른 볼트이음강도의 평가를 위해 수치해석을 수행하였다.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.53-72
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• 2019

Safety measures for tower cranes are extremely important among the seismic countermeasures at high-rise building construction sites. In particular, the collapse of a tower crane from a high position is a very serious catastrophe. An example of such an accident due to an earthquake is the case of the Taipei 101 Building (the author was the project director), which occurred on March 31, 2002. Failure of the bolted joints of the tower-crane mast was the direct cause of the collapse. Therefore, it is necessary to design for this eventuality and to take the necessary measures on construction sites. This can only be done by understanding the precise dynamic behavior of mast joints during an earthquake. Consequently, we created a new hybrid-element model (using beam, shell, and solid elements) that not only expressed the detailed behavior of the site joints of a tower-crane mast during an earthquake but also suppressed any increase in the total calculation time and revealed its behavior through computer simulations. Using the proposed structural model and simulation method, effective information for designing safe joints during earthquakes can be provided by considering workability (control of the bolt pretension axial force and other factors) and less construction cost. Notably, this analysis showed that the joint behavior of the initial pretension axial force of a bolt is considerably reduced after the axial force of the bolt exceeds the yield strength. A maximum decrease of 50% in the initial pretension axial force under the El Centro N-S Wave ($v_{max}=100cm/s$) was observed. Furthermore, this method can be applied to analyze the seismic responses of general temporary structures in construction sites.

• Composites Research
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.259-263
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• 2023

This study investigated the open hole tensile (OHT) properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composites and compared them to bolt joint tensile (BJT) properties. The net nominal modulus and strength (1376 MPa) were found to be higher than the gross nominal strength (1041 MPa), likely due to increasing hole size. The OHT and BJT specimens exhibited similar stiffness, as expected without bolt rotation causing secondary bending. OHT specimens experienced a sharp drop in stress indicating unstable crack propagation, delamination, and catastrophic failure. BJT specimens failed through shear out on the bolt side and bearing failure on the nut side, involving fiber kinking, matrix splitting, and delamination, resulting in lower strength compared to OHT specimens. The strength retention of carbon fiber/epoxy composites with open holes was 66%. Delamination initiation at the hole's edge caused a reduction in the stress concentration factor. Filling the hole with a bolt suppressed this relieving mechanism, leading to lower strength in BJT specimens compared to OHT specimens. Bolt joint efficiency was calculated as 15%. The reduction in strength in bolted joints was attributed to fiber-matrix splitting and delamination, aligning with Hart Smith's bolted joint efficiency diagram. These findings contribute to materials selection and structural reliability estimation for carbon fiber/epoxy composites. They highlight the behavior of open hole and bolt joint configurations under tensile loading, providing valuable insights for engineering applications.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.114-122
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• 2007

강구조물의 고력볼트 마찰접합부에 있어서 마찰면의 부식은 장기적으로 마찰력 감소와 접합부 내력저하를 초래한다. 본 연구는 고력볼트 접합부의 부식을 방지하고 소요 역학적 성질을 만족시키기 위해 접합부의 마찰면에 Zn/Al 금속용사 방청처리 한 고력볼트 접합부를 대상으로 마찰면의 표면처리방법과 피막두께를 주요 변수로 하여 인장시험을 실시하였고, 실험으로 부터 마찰면 표면거칠기와 미끄럼계수를 측정하였다. 무도장 샌드블라스트 처리한 접합부 및 샌드블라스트 처리 후 금속용사를 실시한 볼트 접합부의 미끄럼 계수는 국내 규준의 규정 값과 비교하여 동등 이상의 우수한 미끄럼계수 값을 나타냈다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제13권6호통권58호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 대직경 고장력볼트 이음부의 안전성 및 경제성을 검토할 목적으로 F10T-M30 대직경 고장력볼트를 사용한 시험편을 대상으로 정적 인장시험을 실시하여 미끄러짐 특성을 평가하였다. 또한 유한요소해석을 실시하고 볼트의 강도등급 및 직경에 따른 소요볼트 개수를 산정하였다. 그 결과 M30 고장력볼트의 평균 미끄러짐 계수는 도로교설계기준의 기준인 0.4를 초과하며, M22 고장력볼트와 동등한 미끄러짐 성능을 확보하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 고장력볼트의 강도등급 및 직경에 따른 경제성 분석을 실시한 결과, F10T-M22 고장력볼트를 기준으로 하여 F13T-M22 고장력볼트를 적용하면 소요볼트 개수가 21% 감소하며, F10T-M30 고장력볼트를 적용하면 46% 감소하는 것으로 나타나 고장력볼트의 대직 경화에 따른 경제성을 확인할 수 있었다.