• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.165-171
• /
• 2017

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a monomer used in a polymerization reaction in the production of polycarbonate plastics. It has been used in many consumer products, including plastics, polyvinyl chloride, food packaging, dental sealants, and thermal receipts. However, there is little information available on the inhalation toxicity of BPA. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine its inhalation toxicity and effects on the estrous cycle, spatial learning, and memory. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 0, 10, 30, and $90mg/m^3$ BPA, 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks via whole-body inhalation. Mortality, clinical signs, body weight, hematology, serum chemistry, estrous cycle parameters, performance in the Morris water maze test, and organ weights, as well as gross and histopathological findings, were compared between the control and BPA exposure groups. Statistically significant changes were observed in serum chemistry and organ weights upon exposure to BPA. However, there was no BPA-related toxic effect on the body weight, food consumption, hematology, serum chemistry, organ weights, estrous cycle, performance in the Morris water maze test, or gross or histopathological lesions in any male or female rats in the BPA exposure groups. In conclusion, the results of this study suggested that the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) for BPA in rats is above $90mg/m^3$/6 hr/day, 5 days/week upon 8-week exposure. Furthermore, BPA did not affect the estrous cycle, spatial learning, or memory in rats.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.313-318
• /
• 1998

This study investigated the effect of raw soybean yellow(RSY) and raw soybean black(RSB) on body weights, pancreas weights, serum glucose and lipid concentrations of boty normal and diabetic male rats(Sprague-Dawley, body weight 338.8$\pm$19.2g). For each experimental, some rats were injected with streptozotocin intraperitoneal(i.P.) to induce diabets, and other rats were injected with buffer i.P. as a control group. Body weight gain(BWG) was lower in rats fed both RSY and RSB diet(3.4~5.0g BWG) than in those fed control diet(58.1g BWG). The diabetic rats showed significant decrease of bo요 weight (-50~-67g) compared with the control rats. RSY and RSB feeding resulted in greater pancreatic weight relative to body weight, and diabetic rats fed RSY and RSB had heavier pancreatic weights relative to body weight than control rats. The levels of fasting serum glucose in diabetic rats fed both RSY and RSB decreased by 42 and 31%, respectively, compared with the diabetic control rats, but they increased by 80 and 110% compared with the normal control rats. The concentrations of total lipid, triglyceride, phospholipid and total cholesterol in serum of diabetic rats fed RSB diet were lower than those in control rats, but serum HDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio were not affected by raw soybeans feeding. Atherogenic index wa lower in diabetic rats fed RSY and RSB diet than those in control rats. The concentrations of total lipid, triglyceride and phospholipid in liver were lower in raw soybean groups than those in control group. The concentrations of cholesterol in liver of groups treated raw soybean were decreased compared with the control group.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 2022

Objectives : Green gram (mung bean) has a cold nature and has been known to detoxify against various side effects that belong to hot in nature. In particular, since it has the effect of detoxifying fever and detoxification to treat swelling, it was also used externally to treat febrile dermatological diseases such as erysipelas and rubella. This study was designed to determine whether green gram exhibits anti-inflammatory effects on contact dermatitis in mice. Methods : We investigated the effects of green gram extract (70% ethanol extract) on skin lesion, skin thickness and weights, melanin and erythema index and spleen body weight ratio in mice with contact dermatitis induced by repeated application of 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Results : Topical application of green gram extract ameliorates skin lesions of contact dermatitis such as scale and roughness induces by 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. green gram extract also suppressed enlargement of skin thicknesses and weights significantly. In addition, green gram extract treatment also lowered erythema index significantly compared to those in the control group. In the histopathological observation, green gram extract prevented epidermal hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis in inflamed tissues. Finally, green gram extract did not affect changes in body weights and the spleen body weight ratio, unlike dexamethasone, which significantly prevented body weight gain and lowered the spleen body weight ratio. Conclusions : These results imply that green gram, which is known to have a detoxifying effect in Korean medicine, can be used in the treatment of contact dermatitis.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.53-57
• /
• 1985

본 연구는 서울대학교 농과대학 실험목장에서 사육되었던. Broiler 종계 3계통에 대하여 이면교잡을 실시하고 여기에서 작출된 9개 교배조합의 자료를 이용하였다. 총 32수의 부가계와 209수의 모가계에서 생산된 1,109수의 암ㆍ수탉을 공시하여 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 교배조합, 집구, 성별에 대한 분산분석은 모두 고도의 유의성 (P〈0.01)이 인정되었다. 2. 부모 결합분산성분에 의한 유전력은 2, 4, 6 및 8주령 체중에서 각각 0.32, 0.31, 0.35 및 0.29로 추정되었다. 3. 2, 4, 6 및 8주령의 체중에 대한 상관분석에서 2주령과 8주령에서는 0.72의 유전상관과 0.35의 낮은 표현형-상관을 보였으며, 4주령과 8주령에서는 0.91 및 0.61의 유전상관과 표현형상관을 보였다. 또한 6주령과 8주영에서 0.94의 높은 유전상관 및 0.78의 표현형상관이 추정된 결과 broiler종계 교잡시험에 있어서 4주령 및 6주령 체중을 이용하여 8주영 체중에 대한 조기판정의 가능성을 보였다. 4. 2주령부터 8주령까지 broiler 성장을 다항회귀에 적합시킨 결과 전체평균에 의한 것이 W=-141.13＋30.575 D＋G.161D$^2$ (단 14$\leq$D$\leq$56), 암컷은 W=-228.42＋29.886D＋0.126 D$^2$(단, 14$\leq$D$\leq$56), 수컷은 W=-257.14＋3l.474 D＋0.202ㅇ$^2$(단, 14$\leq$D$\leq$56)으로 추정되었다 (W: body weight, D: days of age). 이들 모두 $R^2$가 0.99이상 고도의 적합도를 보였으며, 2적령시 8.36g의 암수 체중차리에서 적령이 경통함에 따라 68.08g(4주령), 169.99g(6주령), 293.19g(8주령)의 성에 의한 차이가 크게 나타났다. 따라서 암수 혼합사육시에는 성에 대한 효과가 적은 계통의 조합으로 선발이 고려되어야 하며, 또한 출하시 체중에 따라 분리사육하는 것이 바람직하다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제44권2호
• /
• pp.201-206
• /
• 2002

본 연구는 한우개량에 필요한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 1979년 부터 1995년 사이에 전국 한우개량단지에서 조사한 체중과 10개 부위의 체척치에 대한 자료를 가지고 유전모수 추정에 이용하였으며 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 유전력의 추정치는 생시, 이유시, 12개월령 및 27개월령 체중에서 각각 0.208${\pm}$0.038, 0.457${\pm}$0.073, 0.476${\pm}$0.082 및 0.227${\pm}$0.040으로 추정되었으며 12개월령 및 27개월령의 체고, 체장 및 흉위에서 각각 0.326, 0.486, 0.462 및 0.242, 0.110, 0.170으로 추정되었다. 2) 12개월령 체중과 체척치들간의 유전상관과 표현형상관은 모두 정의 값으로 추정되었으며 그 범위는 0.223부터 0.999까지 이었다. 27개월령 체중과 체척치들간의 유전상관과 표현형상관도 모두 정의 값으로 추정되었으며 그 범위는 0.290 부터 0.083까지 이었다.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.163-172
• /
• 2000

Recently, there is a worldwide concern that a great number of man-made chemicals have a hormone-like action both in humans and in animals. DECD is developing screening programs using validated test systems to determine whether certain substances may have an effect in humans. In the present study. the establishment oj repeated-dose toxicity test method was tried. Flutamide. an anti-androgenic agent. was administered by gavage to Sprague-Dawley rats for 28 days at dose levels of 0. 0.5. 3 and 18 mg/kg body weight (10-15 rats/sex/group) to examine the effects on general findings. especially reproductive and endocrine parameters. Clinical signs. body weights, food consumption, and sexual cycle were checked and measured. For the gross and microscopic examinations. 10 rats/sex/group were sacrificed at the end of dosing period and the remaining animals of control and high dose groups (5 each) were sacrificed after 14 days recovery. Examinations for hematology and clinical chemistry were carried out at necropsy. There were no treatment-related changes in clinical signs. body weights, food consumption. gross necropsy. hematology and clinical chemistry at all doses of both sexes. The period and regularity of sexual cycle were not adversely affected at all doses by the test agent. At 18 mg/kg. both decreased weights of prostate, seminal vesicle and epididymis in males and increased weights of spleen and thymus in females were observed. In addition, decreased number of spermatids and sperms. increased serum testosterone concentration and increased incidence (100%) of interstitial cell hyperplasia were seen in males. At 18 mg/kg of the recovery group. decreased prostate weight. reduced sperm count and increased incidence (20%) of interstitial cell hyperplasia in males and increased thymus weight in females were observed. At 3 mg/kg. reduced sperm count was found. There were no adverse effects on parameters examined at 0.5 mg/kg of both sexes. The results suggested that the potential target organs of flutamide may be accessory sexual glands including testes for males and spleen and thymus for females. Taken together. this test method was found to be a useful screening test system for endocrine disrupting chemicals.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.245-250
• /
• 2016

3-Methylpentane ($C_6H_{14}$, CAS No. 96-14-0), isomer of hexane, is a colorless liquid originating naturally from petroleum or natural gas liquids. 3-Methylpentane has been used as a solvent in organic synthesis, as a lubricant, and as a raw material for producing carbon black. There is limited information available on the inhalation toxicity of 3-methylpentane, and the aim of this study was to determine its subacute inhalation toxicity. According to OECD Test Guideline 412 (subacute inhalation toxicity: 28-day study), Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to 0, 284, 1,135, and 4,540 ppm of 3-methylpentane for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks via whole-body inhalation. Mortality, clinical signs, body weights, food consumption, hematology, serum chemistry, organ weights, and gross and histopathological findings were compared between control and all exposure groups. No mortality or remarkable clinical signs were observed during the study. No gross or histopathological lesions, or adverse effects on body weight, food consumption, hematology, serum chemistry, and organ weights were observed in any male or female rats in all exposure groups, although some statistically significant changes were observed in food consumption, serum chemistry, and organ weights. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) for 3-methylpentane above 4,540 ppm/6 hr/day, 5 days/week for rats.

• Nutritional Sciences
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.245-255
• /
• 2002

This study was designed to investigate body image, objective and subjective measurements of body size and shape, eating behavior, and weight control practices in 650 Korean adolescent girls; 500 of the subjects were 14 years old and enrolled in middle schools, while the remaining 150 were 17 years old and enrolled in high schools. Subjects responded anonymously to a self-administered questionnaire. The results showed that average height and weight of the subjects were 157cm and 49.5kg, respectively, while subjects ideal heights and weights averaged 164cm and 48kg, respectively. The ideal adult body heights and weights proposed by the subjects averaged 172cm and 55kg respectively. Over 50% of the subjects were dissatisfied with their body image; the degree of dissatisfaction with body image was higher in those who believed themselves to be fat. Most of the subjects wanted to lose weight and had tried to lose weight. Self-reported weight control practice methods included reducing food intake (31.9%), skipping meals (29.6%), exercise (25.8%), using slimming machines (6.9%), and using diet pills (5.1%). The heavier the subjects weight was, the greater the difference between the subjective and objective evaluations of body size. The body image scores of subjects who perceived themselves as fat were significantly lower than those of subjects who perceived themselves as normal or underweight. The difference between subjective and objective evaluations of body size, and the degree of obesity, were significantly higher in those subjects who had experience of weight control than those who had no experience of weight control. These results suggest that nutrition and health education programs for adolescent girls should be researched and implemented in order to establish a more realistic body image, positive habits in weight control, and healthful eating habits.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.175-181
• /
• 2012

The widespread pursuit of a thin physique may have a detrimental impact on the wellbeing of preadolescents. The influence of body image distortions on the lifestyles, dieting behaviors, and psychological factors was investigated in 631 fifth and sixth grade children in Kyeonggi-do, Korea. Children were classified into three weight groups (underweight, normal, and overweight) and three perception groups (underestimation, normal, and overestimation). Necessary information was obtained by questionnaire, and each subject's weight status was determined by the Rohrer index calculated from the annual measurement records, which were obtained from the school. According to their current weights, 57.4% of children were normal and 32.2% were overweight or obese, 16.6% of the children overestimated their body weight, and 55.2% had an undistorted body image. Overweight children had desirable lifestyles and dietary habits and presented reasonable weight control behaviors. Compared to those without distortion, the overestimated group had greater interest in weight control ($P$ = 0.003) and dissatisfaction with their body weights ($P$ = 0.011), presented unhealthy reasons to lose weight ($P$ = 0.026), and had higher scores for "feeling sad when comparing own body with others" ($P$ = 0.000) and for "easily getting annoyed and tired" ($P$ = 0.037), even though they had similar obesity indices. More subjects from the overestimation group ($P$ = 0.006) chose drama/movies as their favorite TV programs, suggesting a possible role for the media in body image distortion. These findings suggest that body image distortion can lead preadolescents to develop stress about obesity and unhealthy dieting practices, despite similar obesity indices to those without distorted body images. These results emphasize the importance of having an undistorted body image.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.327-339
• /
• 2023

Objectives : This study conducted a repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity test in order to up-cycling Schisandra fruit extract powder(SFEP) using discarded Schisandra chinensis by-products and evaluated the NOAEL of SFEP. Methods : SD-rats were orally administered SFEP at concentrations of 0, 62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg once daily for 90 days. Body weights and clinical signs were observed during the administration period. After completion of the experiment, the experimental animals were autopsied to observe necropsy findings and organ weights changes, and hematological parameters and blood chemistry values were measured. Results : During the SFEP administration period, clinical signs such as salivation, wounds, and erosion were sporadically observed in 1 to 2 animals. In the SFEP 250 mg/kg administered group, weights of the liver and thyroid gland significantly increased compared to the control group, but no significant changes were observed in organ weights according to body weights. As a result of measuring hematological parameters and blood chemistry values, a decrease in RDW, T-BIL, and TBA, and an increase in TP, ALB, and Ca were observed due to SFEP administration. However, these changes following SFEP administration were accidental and not dose-dependent. Additionally, no correlation was found between gender and other parameters. Conclusions : Therefore, the NOAEL of SFEP was confirmed to be 250 mg/kg.