• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.10 no.1 s.22
• /
• pp.85-100
• /
• 2007

Objectives : This research was executed to verify antitumor effect and protective effect on doxorubicin(Doxo)-induced toxicity of Cultivated Wild Ginseng(CWG) and synergic effect of CWG with Doxo in B16/F10 melanomas-bearing C57BL/6 mice. Methods : To evaluate protective effect on doxorubicin(Doxo)-induced toxicity and enhancing effect on the antitumor activity of Doxo, CWG water extract(0.5 ml) was intraperitoneally injected for 10 days, in combination with intraperitoneal injection of Doxo(4 mg/kg) on days 12, 16, 19, to mice subcutaneously inoculated with $2{\times}10^6/ml$ B16/F10 melanoma cells. In order to investigate antitumor effect of CWG, CWG water extract(0.5 ml) was intraperitoneally injected for 10 days to mice subcutaneously inoculated with $2{\times}10^6/ml$ B16/F10 melanoma cells. Results : The body weights of melanoma-bearing mice increased following B16/F10 cells inoculation. In contrast, such an increase in body weights was significantly attenuated by Doxo administration. Whereas CWG inhibits the decrease in body weights induced by Doxo. The tumor volume and tumor weights of melanomas-bearing mice dramatically increased following B16/F10 cells inoculation, In contrast, such an increase in tumor volume and tumor weights were significantly attenuated by Doxo or CWG administration. But the synergic effect of CWG with Doxo was not observed. The reduction of cellularity of seminiferous epithelia, level of spermatogonium and spermatid induced by Doxo was recovered by CWG administration. BrdU labeling index of spermatogonium was remarkably decreased in Doxo group but was no change in CWG group. Whereas the incidence and intensity of BrdU labelled spermatocytes and spermatids were increased by CWG administration than those of Doxo group. Conclusions : The obtained results suggest that CWG have antitumor effect and protective effect on doxo-induced testicular toxicity. This effect might be mediated through the supplementation of vital energy.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.49-53
• /
• 2018

Cyclohexanone ($C_6H_{10}O$, CAS No. 108-94-1) is a colorless oily liquid obtained through the oxidation of cyclohexane or dehydrogenation of phenol. It is used in the manufacture of adhesives, sealant chemicals, agricultural chemicals, paint and coating additives, solvent, electrical and electronic products, paints and coatings, photographic supplies, film, photochemicals, and as an intermediate in nylon production. Owing to the lack of information on repeated inhalation toxicity of cyclohexaone, in this study, we aimed to characterize the subacute inhalation toxicity. B6C3F1 mice were exposed to 0, 50, 150, and 250 ppm of cyclohexanone for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks via whole-body inhalation in accordance with the OECD Test Guideline 412 (subacute inhalation toxicity: 28-day study). Mortality, clinical signs, body weights, food consumption, hematology, serum biochemistry, organ weights, as well as gross and histopathological findings were evaluated between the control and exposure groups. No mortality or remarkable clinical signs were observed during the study. No adverse effects on body weight, food consumption, hematology, serum biochemistry, and organ weights, gross or histopathological lesions were observed in any male or female mice in any of the exposure groups, although some statistically significant changes were observed in organ weights. We concluded that no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) is above 250 ppm in mice exposed to cyclohexanone for 6 hr/day for 5 days/week.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.411-415
• /
• 2010

The present study was devised to determine the effects of body weight, organ weight, hematological values and biochemical parameters by vitamin E and selenium (Selevit) in the ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The animals were divided into 4 groups. Intact group (n=10) received no treatment and operation. Sham group (n=10) received only sham operation and no treatment. OVX group received operation and no treatment. OVX+Selevit received operation and Selevit. The body weights of the all group increased, and that of OVX+Selevit group was the lowest rates. There were significant differences (P<0.01, P<0.001) of body weights between OVX+Selevit group and all other groups. Also, organ weights such as heart, liver, spleen and kidney were measured. The heart and liver weight were significantly lower (P<0.01, P<0.001) in the OVX+Selevit group than in the Intact and Sham group. Also, the kidney weight was significantly lower (P<0.05, P<0.01) in the OVX+Selevit group than in the all other group. On the other hand, there was no significantly difference in the organ weight of spleen between the OVX+Selevit group and the other groups. The number of WBC was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the OVX+Selevit group than in the all other groups. The hematological values of RBC, MCV, MCH and MCHC were no significant differences in any groups. The biochemical parameters of serum total protein and alkaline phosphatase increased significantly in the OVX+Selevit group as compared to that in the OVX group. But, there were no significant differences in AST and ALT in any groups. We conclude that vitamin E and selenium were significantly decreased the body weights in the ovariectomized rats. Our findings suggest that vitamin E and selenium may influence the process of lipid packaging and absorption in the ovariectomized rats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.23 no.8
• /
• pp.981-986
• /
• 2010

Genetic parameters of growth traits were estimated in the German Angora rabbit reared in the sub-temperate region of India. Estimates of (co)variance components were obtained for body weights at weaning (42 days) and post-weaning at 84, 126 and 168 days. A total of 8,324 animal records were used for the analysis of these traits. The data were analyzed by restricted maximum likelihood (REML) fitting six animal models with various combinations of direct and maternal effects. A log likelihood ratio test was used to select the most appropriate univariate model for each trait. Direct heritability estimates were observed to be moderate for the traits under study. Heritability estimates for weaning (42 d), 84, 126 and 168 d weights obtained from the best models were $0.25{\pm}0.05$, $0.17{\pm}0.05$, $0.21{\pm}0.06$ and $0.12{\pm}0.05$. Maternal effects had higher importance at weaning, and declined with the advancement of age. Significant maternal permanent environmental effect on weaning and post-weaning weights was a carryover effect of maternal influences during pre-weaning age. The estimated repeatabilities of doe effects on body weights were 0.37, 0.22, 0.18 and 0.28 at weaning, 84, 126 and 168 d body weight, respectively. Results indicated that modest rate of genetic progress is possible for body weight traits of Angora rabbit through selection. Similarly, these growth traits could be included in selection criteria along with wool traits for early selection of the animals.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.111-121
• /
• 2010

In order to investigate the preliminary repeat oral dose toxicity and to determine the highest dosage for further 4-week repeated dose toxicity test, Low Molecular Weight Fucoidan (LMF) has been showed various pharmacological effects, was orally administered to female and male rats, once a day for 14 days at dose levels of 2,000, 1,000, 500 and 0 (vehicle control) mg/kg (body weights) in a volume of 10 ml/kg. The mortality and changes on the body weights, clinical signs, hematology, serum biochemistry and gross observations were monitored with organ weight and histopathology of principle organs. As the results of 14-day repeated oral treatment of LMF, no LMF treatment related mortalities were detected up to 2,000 mg/kg in both male and female rats, respectively. In addition, no noticeable changes on the body weight and clinical signs were detected except for significant decreases on the body weights and gains restricted to male 2,000 mg/kg treated groups as compared with male vehicle control. No meaningful changes on the organ weights, hematological, serum biochemistrical, gross and histopathological findings were observed. Therefore the highest dosage in the 4-week repeated dose toxicity test is suggested as 2,000 mg/kg in both female and male rats, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.441-448
• /
• 1994

Postweaning performance data were obtained on 187 group fed purebred Angus calves from 12 selected sires (six high and six low feed conversion sires) in 1985 and 1986. The objective of this portion of the study was to develop prediction equations for feed conversion from a stepwise regression analysis. Variables measured were on-test weight (ONTSTWT), on-test age (ONTSTAG), five weights by 28-d periods, seven linear body measurements: heart girth (HG), hip height (HH), head width (HDW), head length (HDL), muzzle circumference (MC), length between hooks and pins (HOPIN) and length between shoulder and hooks (SHHO), and backfat thickness (BF). Stepwise regressions for maintenance adjusted feed conversion (ADJFC) and unadjusted feed conversion (UNADFC) over the first 140 d of the test, and total feed conversion (FC) until progeny reached 8.89 mm of back fat were obtained separately by conversion groups and sexes and for combined feed conversion groups and sexes. In general, weights were more important than linear body measurements in prediction of feed utilization. To some extent this was expected as weight is related directly to gain which is a component of feed conversion. Weight at 112 d was the most important variable in prediction of feed conversion when data from both feed conversion groups and sexes were combined. Weights at 84 and 140 d were important variables in prediction of UNADFC and FC, respectively, of bulls. ONTSTWT and weight at 140 d had the highest standardized partial regression coefficients for UNADFC and ADJFC, respectively, of heifers. Results indicated that linear measurements, such as MC, HDL and HOPIN, are useful in prediction of feed conversion when feed in takes are unavailable.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.61-70
• /
• 1986

The effect of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), phenol and biphenyl on the body, liver and kidney weights, and the activity of $\delta$-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), and the contents of microsomal cytochrome P-450, and hematocrit, TBAvalue. PCB (200 mg/kg), phenol (200 mg/kg), biphenyl (200 mg/kg), and biphenyl (100 mg/kg) added phenol (100 mg/kg) was treated orally to Sprague-Dawley rats for 3 days. In all treated groups, the body weights were decreased, while the weights of liver and kidney were increased in comparison with that of control group. The activity of $\delta$-ALAD was increased and hematocrit was decreased in PCB treated group, on the contrary biphenyl treated group was appeared opposite direction. The contents of microsomal cytochrome P-450 and concentration of protein were increased in all treated group. In biphenyl treated group and phenol treated group, TBA value was increased in both groups.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.35-40
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between weights of backpack and back and shoulder pains of elementary school students in Korea. A cross-sectional sample of 278 boys and 233 girls aged between 7 and 12 years were analyzed for this study. 49.1% of the participated children reported their backpacks were felt heavy, and the weights of their backpack were grater than 13.3% of their body weight. About 65.4% of students carried greater than 10% of their body weights. The weight of the backpack showed significant positive relationship with shoulder pain but not with their back pain. The results of this study suggested that overweighed backpack could cause the musculoskeletal pain to the elementary school students. Therefore, an effective backpack safety program for parents and students is necessary to educate them how to prevent possible musculosketal pain related to the weight of backpack within the perspective of the ergonomical approach.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.59 no.2
• /
• pp.186-190
• /
• 2021

The toxics regulatory body provides a benefit/cost ratio as a justification criterion while implementing regulations that induce the industry to reduce emissions voluntarily. Furthermore, since, the body wants to reflect not only the efficiency standard but also the policy standard in the evaluation of feasibility, it calculates the ratio by adjusting the importance weights. The problem is that respondents answer ambiguously. It should be removed for the reasonable evaluation. This study introduced a fuzzy-AHP methodology for this, and applied it to the voluntary emission reduction plan program in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.215-220
• /
• 2000

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of reproductive ability on weeks and body weights of broiler breeder males. From 26 to 36 week, volume of semen and body weight were increased. Total concentration was highest at 36 week(P〈0.05), being 21.14$\times$10(sup)8 cells. Mean of total concentration was 14.66$\times$10(sup)8 cells and 11.59$\times$10(sup)8 cells in young(26∼55 weeks) and old(60∼89 weeks) broiler breeder males, respectively. Percentage of fertile eggs, viability and hatchability on weeks were 96.33, 89.55, 86.25% in the young broiler breeder males, 94.84, 91.73 and 86.97% the old broiler breeder males, respectively. The values were not significantly different between the young and old broiler breeder males. While the body weight of cocks was less than 3.5kg, it was not possible to collect semen. Semen collection rate was the best in 4.5∼5.0kg of males, total concentration was highest in 5.0∼5.5kg, volume of semen was highest in 5.5∼6.0kg body weight. More than 80% of the males were in the range of 4∼6kg body weight. Sperm motility was acceptable for breeding.