• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.522-529
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• 2000

This study was carried out to find the factors which are related to the weight gain during pregnancy of women and infant birth weight. The information of the general characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of the 506 women who had a delivery during Jan to Dec, 1997 in a hospital at Taegu area were collected from the medical records. The results are as follows. The mean age of the subjects was 29 years old and the average prepregnancy weight was 52.75kg. They gained 13.51kg of weight during the pregnancy. The weight gain during pregnancy was higher in prepregnancy BMI<20kg/m$^2$, the infant weight was heavier in groups that had over 14kg of weight gain during the pregnancy than other groups. The prepregnancy BMI was negatively correlated to weight gain during pregnancy(r=0.2825), and positively correlated to number of pregnancy(r=0.2146), number of living delivery(r=0.1409), and infant weight(r=0.1250). The baby weight was Positively correlated to weight gain during pregnancy(r=0.1392) and Apgar score(r=0.1627). The results showed that the prepregnancy BMI and weight gain during pregnancy may be the influential factors on the infant weight, thus we need to develop the specific nutritional management program according to the status of prepregnancy weight.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.99-117
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate weight gain during pregnancy based on pre-pregnant Body Mass Index, to compare eating habits based on the recommended standards for weight gain presented by the Institute of Medicine, and to identify factors affecting the weight gain of pregnant women. The subjects were grouped into three categories according to the recommended weight gain standards presented by the Institute of Medicine: the inadequate group, the adequate group and the excessive group. The excessive group had a significantly higher pre-pregnant Body Mass Index than that of the two other groups. Based on a comparison of the eating habits and nutrient intake of the women to the recommended standards for weight gain, the excessive gain group had large meals and ate more frequently outside of the home when compared to the pre-pregnancy period. Based on an analysis of correlations between weight gain during pregnancy and diet factors, the adequate gain group had positive correlation between weight gain and a "balanced meal" and had negative correlation with "convenience meals". The excessive gain group had a positive correlation with "convenience meals" and had a negative correlation with "meal skipping." All the pregnant women were more frequent in the "overeating categories" and all ate more "fruit," as their weight gain was higher. In particular, the excessive gain group was frequently evaluated as "overeating". These results indicate that the factors affecting weight gain during pregnancy were the Body Mass Index before pregnancy, eating types, and eating habits. As the Body Mass Index before pregnancy was higher, the ingestion of a 'balanced meal' was less, and overeating and gluttony were more frequent. Therefore weight gain was enhanced.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1057-1065
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• 1998

Anthropometric and body compositional changes and the outcomes of the pregnancies of 90 healthy Korean women were investigated in a longitudinal study. Their weight increased from 51.3$\pm$5.9kg to 65.1$\pm$7.8kg during their pregnancies. The total weight gain was 13.8$\pm$4.5kg, and therefore, weekly weight gain was 340$\pm$110g during the entire period of the pregnancy. The weight gain was composed of approximately 50-60% fat mass and 40-50% fat-free mass. Skinfold thicknesses, both of triceps and subscapular, increased during the pregnancies. The fat mass calculated from skinfold thickness and that measured with bioelectrical impedance analysis went on increasing during the pregnancies. Although there was a considerable difference with respect to the fat mass observed using the three methods, fat mass gain was 5.0-6.1kg and fat-free mass gain was 4.0-5.3kg from the first trimester to the third trimester of pregnancies. There were significant correlations between maternal anthropometric parameters and indices of pregnancy outcomes. Especially, the infant's birth weight was associated with maternal pre-pregnancy weight and weight gains during the pregnancies. The infant's birth length was related to the maternal weight observed at term(p<0.05) and weight gain during the entire pregnancies (p<0.05) . Neither increase of fat mass nor fat-free mass affected the outcomes of pregnancy. These results show that maternal weight gain during pregnancy is led by increments of approximately above 50% fat mass. The fat mass increase seems to be larger in central areas than in subcutaneous areas. Maternal weight gain during pregnancy, especially during late pregnancy, is a factor affecting the birth weight and length of infant. On the basis of the body compositional changes, it can be predicted that the additional energy requirement for pregnancy in Korean women is more than 200-230 MJ (64,500-76,250kca1). (Korean J Nutrition 31(6) : 1057-1065, 1998)

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 1994

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of caffeine level on food intake and weight gain in 120 Sprague-Dawley rats of different ages and sexes for 3 weeks. The results were as following : the food intake of caffeine group was significantly lower than that of caffeine free group in young and adult rata(p<0.05). The bo여 weight gain, body weight gain efficiency ratio and food efficiency ration of rats were not significantly different between two groups. The results showed that body weight gain was not affected by increased caffeine level in young and adult rats.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 2022

This study was conducted to evaluation the effects of dietary soybean meal (SBM) and fermented soybean meal (FSBM) on the growth performance of Korean native cattle as Hanwoo calves (Bos taurus coreanae) and Holstein cows. In total, 16 calves three to four months old (Control group, SBM: 5 males and 3 females, average weight 105.7 kg; Experimental group, FSBM: 5 males and 3 females, average weight 103.7 kg) were fed 5% of the feed amount for 53 days. In terms of growth performance outcomes, the average gain body weight was significantly higher in the FSBM group than in the SBM group in the final fattening period. The average daily gain in body weight (ADGBW) for the FSBM group was higher than that of the SBM group in the final fattening period. The average gain body weight in four months for FSBM was higher than that at three months in the final fattening period. Diarrhea incidence for FSBM was significantly decreased compared to that in the SBM group in the six-week period after weaning. These results indicate that dietary FSBM can improve the growth rate and health condition during the calving period. Holstein cows fed fermented soybean meal had higher milk urea nitrogen levels and decreased somatic cell counts compared to those fed SBM. These results may be closely related with the increased average daily gain body weight associated with dietary FSBM.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.434-438
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• 2007

The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of onion (Allium cepa) skin extract (OSE) on pancreatic lipase (PL), the key enzyme of the digestion and absorption of dietary fat in the small intestine, and to evaluate its potential for the inhibition of body-weight gain. OSE inhibited PL with an $IC_{50}$ of 53.70 mg/mL, which means as potent as 0.07635% of the activity of orlistat. At 3 and 4 hr after administration of OSE, the plasma triacylglycerol concentration was significantly lower in the OSE-treated rats than control. Body-weight gain and parametrial adipose tissue weights were significantly lower in mice fed the high-fat diet (fat comprises 31% of total calories) with 5%(w/w) OSE than in control. The results suggest that OSE may be an effective nutraceutical for the inhibition of body-weight gain.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.546-547
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• 1989

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.204-215
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• 2018

Background: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the effect of metformin on weight loss was assessed to determine whether metformin should be recommended for the prevention or treatment of weight gain in patients receiving antipsychotic medication for the treatment of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for all published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from inception to June 2018. In addition, the references of relevant articles were also examined. Using Review Manager 5, the pooled estimates of the weighted mean difference (WMD) of the changes in body weight and body mass index (BMI) and the corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: The meta-analysis included 15 RCTs. The pooled analysis showed that compared with placebo, metformin led to significant reductions in body weight (WMD: -2.09, 95% CI: -2.59, -1.60; p<0.00001) and BMI (WMD: -0.90, 95% CI: -1.08, -0.72; p<0.00001). The effect of metformin on weight loss was greater in patients receiving olanzapine than in patients receiving clozapine (body weight, WMD: -2.39, 95% CI: -3.76, -1.02; p=0.0006 for olanzapine; -1.99, 95% C: -3.47, -0.51; p=0.009 for clozapine; BMI, WMD: -1.15, 95% CI: -1.74, -0.57, p=0.0001 for olanzapine; WMD: 0.76, 95% CI: -1.23, -0.28; p=0.002 for clozapine). Conclusion: Metformin can be recommended to manage olanzapine-induced weight gain in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. The magnitude of the reductionss in body weight and BMI implieds that the use of metformin to attenuate olanzapine-induced weight gain can minimize the risk of coronary heart disease.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.388-394
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• 1999

Two experiments were conducted to subdivide isoleucine (exp. 1) and valine (exp. 2) requirements for maintenance from the requirements for growth of broilers aged 1 to 3 weeks. Purified diets were used, containing five graded levels of isoleucine and valine. Based on weight gain response, the isoleucine requirement for growth was 7.50 mg/g weight gain and the daily isoleucine need for maintenance (mg) was 0.044 per unit metabolic body size ($(Wg^{0.75})$). Based on the N gain response, the isoleucine requirement for growth was 0.317 mg/mg N gain and the daily isoleucine need for maintenance (mg) was 0.040 per unit metabolic body size $(Wg^{0.75})$. Based on weight gain and N gain response, the total isoleucine requirement was calculated 244 mg/day or 0.59% of the diet, 274 mg/day or 0.66% of the diet, respectively. From the relationship of weight gain and N gain, 5.07% of the retained protein was comprised of isoleucine; the reported isoleucine content of chick muscle was 4.42%. The valine requirement for growth was 9.84 mg/g weight gain and 0.36 mg/mg N gain whereas the maintenance requirement was 0.046 or 0.052 mg per unit of metabolic body size (Wgo.11. According to the model developed to estimate valine requirement, the total requirement was 319 mg/day or 0.77% of the diet, 315 mg/day or 0.76% of the diet, respectively. Previous reported valine requirements for growing chicks of 7~24 days old were in close agreement with these estimates. As a percentage of retained protein, valine was calculated to be 5.81% ; the reported valine concentration of crude protein of chicks' body including feathers was 6.72%.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.341-350
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• 2002

Twenty four Hanwoo bulls(mean initial body weight 162$\pm$8.1kg) were employed to induce the regression equations on body weight gain and dry matter intake. The diets were fed in a 3${\times}$4 factorial arrangement; three roughage sources(rice straw, hay, corn silage) and four roughage ratios in ration(100, 60, 40, 20%). Bulls were alloted by incomplete turn over design with four replications. Daily body weight gain was greatest in bulls fed the corn silage as a roughage source and the 20% of roughage ratio, respectively. Bulls fed hay or corn silage only as feed kept in their body weight gain during the whole experimental period, however those fed rice straw only were in a negative body gain hereafter fatteningⅠperiod(350kg of body wt.). Dry matter intake per metabolizable body weight was decreased with increasing body weight. Dry matter intake was greatest in bulls fed the corn silage as a roughage source and the 20% of roughage ratio, respectively. The regression equations on daily body weight gain(DG, kg) and dry matter intake(DMI, kg/day) according to body weight(BW, kg) of Hanwoo bulls were derived as follows; DG = －0.842 + 17.5DMI/$BWkg^{0.75}$ DMI = 4.125 + 0.013BW + 1.075DG － 0.045NDF where, NDF is the percentage of neutral detergent fiber in ration.