• 복식문화연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.501-517
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• 2011

This study investigates the concept of the body in Korean traditional costume by comparing the traditional costumes of the west and those of Korea while focusing on the relationship between the body and dress. In order to make a comparison of the traditional perspectives on the body in western and Korean costumes, this study examines the literature of history, art, medicine, philosophy as well as dress from the mid-fourteenth century to the nineteenth century pertaining to the west and those of the Joseon Dynasty Korea. Western dress assumes apparent formal structures and pursues overall harmony via the completeness of its entities, while traditional Korean dress subordinates the parts to the whole, emphasizing the organic total. Whereas the proportion of bodily structure is stressed in western traditional costume, in Korean costume the body is perceived as a whole. By revealing the body through the three dimensionalities of dress, the focus on the erogenous body parts is shifting in conventional western dress according to changes in aesthetic consciousness, which reflects the western ideas of objectiveness and self-centeredness. In traditional Korean dress, in the space between the body and dress, the emphasis is on planarization of the dress, which assumes the oriental relationship-centeredness concept.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.219-235
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• 2012

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the change characteristics of boys among the ages of 13 and 18 years. This study is based on the $4^{th}$ to the $6^{th}$ national anthropometric survey(Size Korea) data. Background: Many changes can affect the body characteristics compared withthe past. The significant changes were shown in Pepsi generation according to the report of national anthropometric survey of Korea 1997. Method: The subjects of the survey were 1,899 boys of the $4^{th}$ Size Korea, 1,587 boys of the $5^{th}$Size Korea and 2,317 boys of the $6^{th}$ Size Korea, who were from 13 to 18 years old. The change characteristics were analyzed withanthropometric measurements, height index value and proportion. Results: Stature was increased in 17~18 years old age group of the $5^{th}$ and the $6^{th}$ Size Korea and height items of the lower body showed the tendency to increase as the $6^{th}$ Size Korea over the time. In the case of circumference items, the tendency to increase in the $5^{th}$ and the $6^{th}$ Size Korea was observed. If the $5^{th}$ and the $6^{th}$ Size Korea were compared, there were no changes of other circumference items but chest circumference of the $6^{th}$ Size Korea was decreased in comparison with the $5^{th}$ Size Korea. Waist breadth(natural indentation) was increased in the $6^{th}$ Size Korea in spite of chest breadth was decreased in the $5^{th}$ and the $6^{th}$ Size Korea. And shoulder length, biacromion length and bishoulder length were decreased. The proportion of chest circumference, abdominal extension circumference and hip circumference to waist circumference and the proportion of chest breadth to waist breadth(natural indentation) showed the tendency to decrease as the $6^{th}$ Size Korea over the time. Conclusion: There was no change of stature excluding 17~18 years old. Circumference items showed tendency to increase as the $6^{th}$ Size Korea over the time. Shoulder and chest breadth became narrow. The somatotype changed to board chest with narrow waist in comparison with the previous. Application: In this way, the body size of 13~18 years' old boys changes. If these change characteristics reflects to the school uniform design, research for the pattern development, and etc., these will be able to improve fit and satisfaction of clothes.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.124-135
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• 2007

To understand tendency of body shapes of Chinese women who reside in Beijing and Shanghai for improving the match of exported clothes to China, this categorizes the bodies by extracting the elements of the objects and understanding body promotion. To categorize the subject by not size factor but form factor, data were compared and analyzed mainly with index based on measurement of the body. This selected specimen as 1381 of Chinese women from 19 to 50 selected in random sampling in Shanghai and Beijing from 23th, June to 7th August in 2004. 1. Chinese women is generally separated in 7.09 parts and upper body including waist shapes round. 2. The elements indicating the women's physical properties are obesity, the size of upper part, front shape, side shape, shoulder and back shape, perpendicular size and lower part length, body shape. 3. The Chinese are categorized by three factors. Normal shape which is not both fat and skinny, records the highest in the ranking.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.55-73
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the body cathexis and appearance management behaviors of the high school girls according to their demographic, physical, psychological. and school related variables. Data was obtained from 378 high school girls in Jeonju City by self-administered questionnaires from March to April. 2001. The results of this study were; 1. Body cathexis of high school twirls was relatively low, face and upper body cathexis were higher than other body parts. but lower-body and total body cathexis were low. 2. Body cathexis of high school twirls was in exact proportion to their parents' educational level total household income. and monthly pocket money. And it was higher in case of tall. light. external personality. higher self-esteem, art or physical high school girls. and the vocational high school twirls. with good academic records. and popular among friends. 3. High school girls showed higher appearance management behaviors such as bath, skin care. hair care. but they did risky appearance management behaviors such as drug use. diet. plastic cosmetic a tittle. The students in case of mother's higher educational level. more monthly income of household, more pocket money. external personalities. lower self-esteem, art or physical high school girls and the vocational high school girls, with good academic records, popular among friends showed higher appearance management behaviors .

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.66-74
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• 1971

The general morphological characteristics of scales on the body surface in Cyprininae fishes can be summarized as follows: 1) The lentic and lotic habitats have no relation to the phase of scales. 2) The scales in the anterior body parts have transverse diameters longer than their longi-tudinal diameters: in the posterior body parts, the opposite holds true. 3) The scales having the largest diameters, both longitudinal and transverse, are the lateral line scales. 4) The position of the focus on each scale move posteriorly as the scale grows. In other words, the forward growth of the scales exceeds the backward. 5) The number of ridges in each scale is in proportion to longitudinal diameter. 6) In Cyprinus, the scales on the middle part of the body surface have more grooves than those on the other parts. All scales on this species commonly show incompleted grooves on the anterior and posterior areas, but the lateral area lacks grooves entirely. 7) In Carassius, there are more completed grooves than incompleted grooves. All grooves are arranged in radial patterns on the scales.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2001년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.39-39
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• 2001

Effects of Barodon$^{(R)}$ on body growth, histological changes in seminiferous tubules of testes and serum level of testosterone and FSH were examined in juvenile rats from 5 to 38 wks of age. All rats supplied feed and Barodon-added water(0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.3 and 1.0%) available ad libitum. DNA distribution of testicular cells from control rats obtained by flow cytometry was characterized by 4 peaks representing I : elongated, II round spermatids(1N), III: a variety of 2N cells and IV: 4N cells. Frequencies of 4 testicular cell types were calculated using cumulative DNA frequency distributions. Body growth from 18wk of age was significantly accelerated in rats supplied water with 0.15% Barodon compared to other groups. Testes weights tended to be greater in 0.15% Barodon-treated rats than in control, without significant difference. Diameter of seminiferous tubules advanced in 0.15-0.3% Barodon till 26 wk of age, but there was not significant different. Proportion of spermatids in seminiferous tubules was 48.4% at 6wk of age(round: 81.2% and elongated: 18.8% as proportion of total spermatids) and frequency of spermatids was higher in 0.3% Barodon group(57.1%) than in control(44.0%), but there was no significant difference. Serum testosterone of all groups significantly elevated at 18wk of age and level in 0.15% Barodon group was greatly higher than in others. Serum FSH at 10wks was greatly higher in 0.1-0.3% Barodon groups compared to control, but there were no significant differences. It is concluded that 0.15-0.3% Barodon treatment tended to induce precocious puberty in rats.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.357-369
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between the Ideal Beauty of Body and the Form of Dress, and to analyze its historical perspectives. First of all, the concept of the Ideal Beauty of Body, the definition of Dress Form, and the method and system to clarify Dress Form were depicted. Based on this frame work, the Form of Dress related to the Ideal Beauty of Body was described historically. For this purpose, documentary research were conducted and representative photography and paintings were used. The analysis was limited to the female one-Piece dress from Ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome, Byzantine, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Rococo, Naoclassicism, and to Romanticism. The results were as follows: 1. The Ideal Beauty of Body was found to be different throughout history and to be intimate- ly linked with fashionable dress. 2. The Form of Dress consisted of four basic components: The form of body itself, the form of clothing itself, the method of wearing, and the relationship between body and clothing. 3. The standards for classification of body form were body structure, body type, body proportion, posture, and movement. Clothing form was generally classified into flat type (unstructured type) and three dementional type (structured type); flat type was subclassified into draped type and tunic type. The method of wearing was classified into attached type, tying-up type, wrap·around type, pull-over type, open type and plastistic type. The relationship between body and clothing after wearing was generally classified into body priority type and clothing priority type. The clothing priority type was further divided into body exaggeration type and body concealment type; Body exaggeration type was further divided into upward type, downward type, forward type, backward type, right type and constriction type. 4. The pursuit of venus coelestis, metaphysical body part, ectomorphic body type, flat type clothing, body priority type; the pursuit of Venus Naturalis, physical body part, endomorphic body type, three dementional type clothing, clothing priority type proved to be closely related respectively by the historical study on the Ideal Beauty of Body and the Form of Dress.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.215-221
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relevance of gender, age, and BMI (Body Mass Index) to changes in the urinary creatinine concentration in Korean adults. We recruited and surveyed 2,156 persons $\geq$20 years of age from 98 districts across the country, and collected urine samples for analyzing the creatinine concentration. Participants were 41.6% men and 58.4% women. In terms of age, the percentage of the population in their 20's and $\geq$60 years of age was relatively similar, with 13.6% and 17.8%, respectively, while the percentages in their 30's, 40's and 50's were also relatively similar, with 22.0%, 24.0%, and 22.6%, respectively. The proportion of participants in their 20's and 30's who were underweight (according to the BMI) was 25% and 19.2%, respectively, but only 6.2~6.4% of those $\geq$40 years of age were underweight. This showed that the underweight proportion in elder generations was less than that in younger generations. Meanwhile, the proportion who were overweight was 13.7%, 18.8%, 28.6%, 27.9%, 32.0% when the participants were in their 20's, 30's, 40's, 50's and $\geq$60 years of age, respectively (p<0.000). This showed that the overweight proportion increased along with increasing age. The overall urinary creatinine concentration was 10 mg/dl (arithmetic mean: AM), and 92.2 mg/dl (geometric mean: GM). The urinary creatinine concentration in men (132.6 mg/dl, AM) was significantly higher than that in women (93.3 mg/dl, AM (p<0.000)). Showing a similar trend in men and women, urinary creatinine concentrations were highest when the participants were in their 20's (135.6 mg/dl, AM), and tended to decrease with increasing age. Urinary creatinine concentrations in overweight and obese subjects (AM of 117.9 mg/dl and 118.0 mg/dl, respectively) were significantly higher than in other groups, and this trend was similar in men and women. In conclusion, we found that urinary concentrations were significantly affected by gender, age, and BMI, and that care should therefore be exercised when correcting urinary metabolites according to the urinary creatinine concentration.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.423-437
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• 1989

A 4-week energy balance study was conducted to estimate the energy expenditure (EE) of 16 college age men and women, 20 to 26 year of age, by measurement of energy intakes and changes in body energy(BE) content(intake/balance technique), keeping their normal living pattern and maintenance body weight. Energy intake was measured by bomb calorimetry and estimated by food table. Fecal energy loss was calculated from nitrogen excreted. Fat mass was determined from body density estimated from skinfold tickness. 1) Gross energy (GE) intakes calculated from food table was not only 13.4% lower than those of bomb calorimetry but also lower 4 and 5% than metabolizable energy(ME) intakes for the male and female subjects, respectively. 2) Fecal energy loss was 7.2% and 6.9% proportion of the gross energy intake for the male and female subjects, respectively. 3) Mean daily metabolizable energy intakes estimated by subtract fecal and urinary energy loss was 2467kcal for the male subjects and 1897kcal for the female subjects. 4) Total body energy change estimated from body composition change over 31 days was decreased 7672kcal for the male subjects and 2689kcal for the female subjects. 5) Mean daily energy expenditure was 2714kcal (45kcal/kg of body weight) for the male subjects and 1984kcal(40kcal/kg of body weight) for the female subjects. 6) The estimated energy expenditure of college-age subjects in this study provide evidence to support the Recommended Dietary Allowances for energy of Korean normal adult.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.256-264
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• 2022

This study was undertaken to examine body image distortion among female adolescents and identify related factors. Raw data from the 14th Korean Youth Health Behavior Survey were used. The proportion of participants exhibiting body image distortion was 39.5%, with the ratio being higher among female students of normal weight as compared to underweight female students. Logistic regression revealed that the risk of having a distorted body image was higher among high school females than in middle school females having lower subjective academic performance and household economic status. In addition, the risk of having a distorted body image was higher for students who drank alcohol when compared to students who did not drink, for the group engaging vigorously in physical activity (exercise) more than three times per week as opposed to the group exercising less than three times per week, and for the group consuming less than one serving of fruit per day as compared to the group consuming more than one serving of fruit per day. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that continuous nutrition education needs to be provided so that adolescents can correctly perceive their body images and form desirable eating habits.