• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.147-157
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• 2017

In recent years, Super-pixels have become very popular for use in computer vision applications. Super-pixel algorithm transforms pixels into perceptually feasible regions to reduce stiff features of grid pixel. In particular, super-pixels are useful to depth estimation, skeleton works, body labeling, and feature localization, etc. But, it is not easy to generate a good super-pixel partition for doing these tasks. Especially, super-pixels do not satisfy more meaningful features in view of the gestalt aspects such as non-sum, continuation, closure, perceptual constancy. In this paper, we suggest an advanced algorithm which combines simple linear iterative clustering with fuzzy clustering concepts. Simple linear iterative clustering technique has high adherence to image boundaries, speed, memory efficient than conventional methods. But, it does not suggest good compact and regular property to the super-pixel shapes in context of gestalt aspects. Fuzzy similarity measures provide a reasonable graph in view of bounded size and few neighbors. Thus, more compact and regular pixels are obtained, and can extract locally relevant features. Simulation shows that fuzzy similarity based super-pixel building represents natural features as the manner in which humans decompose images.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.778-792
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• 2003

This study is to review, in the social and cultural context, the main causes for the sportism that prevails in modern fashion, and to analyze the typical expressions in the domestic fashion. Many factors attribute to the advent of sportism such as rapid development and cultural changes toward sports, increase in leisure time and abundant opportunities, new fashion materials resulting from new technologies, emerging youth culture and increasing preference for such culture, and the postmodernism. With this background, sportism, which has been appearing in the domestic fashion, falls into 5 categories as follows based on the type of its expression. “Urban Street Sportism” is affected by the new sports culture of urban young people, which is characterized such that body line is disregarded with over-sized garment in layered style without considering T.P.O. concept. “Romantic Sportism” applies colors, fabrics and details of romantic images to sporty items, or culminates the feminine and elegant sportism by using the sporty fabrics and details along with romantic items. “Vintage Sportism” is characterized by its well-refined, high quality expression of naturally worn for long time, which is affected by the postmodernism. “Urban Utility Sportism,” which is developed with such design factors as fabrics, styles, details and colors with emphasis on their utility and functionality, explicitly accommodates the changed modern life styles particularly in urban areas. Lastly, the military image, which was developed during the Iraq War along with simultaneous anti-war activities, and the peace messages, which deliver the mankind's hope for the world peace and social wellness, formulate the “Military Sportism”.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.151-166
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• 2013

This study aims to shed light on the diversity and complexity of design represented through modern fashion and to identify growth opportunities for globalizing and modernizing traditional clothing designs. To this end, formative trends and aesthetic characteristics of $21^{st}$ century fashion were analyzed, with an emphasis on Japanism reflected in the works of Western designers. The research methodology consisted of an analysis as well as a literature review. A total of 217 designs with Japanism characteristics were identified from the 2001 S/S collection to the 2011 S/S collection in Paris, Milano, New York, and London, and these were analyzed in terms of image, color details, pattern, and accessories. The research findings with regard to the characteristics of modern fashion designs that reflect Japanism were as follows. First, sensuality was projected by highlighting the erotic elements of Japanese clothing. Second, the underlying principles, styles, and elements of Japan's traditional clothing were embodied in a cross-cultural and eclectic manner that blurred the boundaries between styles by mix-and- matching the traditional and the contemporary, the East and the West, and different styles. Third, a variety of patterns, colors, accessories, and design techniques associated with Japanese traditional clothing played a critical role in creating flamboyant and decorative images in contemporary fashion. Fourth, the overlapping of the kimono style, the flat design that accentuates body curves, and the layered style has created a beautifully free-form fashion that demonstrates non-structural features.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.501-510
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the dietary attitudes, nutrition knowledge, nutrient intake, eating-related characteristics of dancing major and non-major female university students. The survey was conducted from October 1 to November 10, 2003 by questionnaires and data analyzed by SPSS program. The results are summarized as follows: 25.5% of the underweight group, 53.6% of the normal weight group, 12.5% of the overweight group and 66.7% of the obese group had correct perception about their body image. Eighty-one point three percent of the dancing majors and 77.2% of the non-majors were concerned about weight control, and 71.3% of the dancing majors and 64.5% of the non-majors had weight control experiences. There were no significant differences in nutrition knowledge scores and dietary attitude scores between dancing majors and non-majors. There were no significant differences in ‘predisposition to obesity scores’ between dancing majors and non-majors, and the scores were low. ‘Predisposition to anorexia’ scores and ‘uncontrollable urges to eat’ scores were significantly higher in the dancing majors compared to the non-majors. Intakes of the nutrients were lower than those of the Korean recommended dietary allowances (RDAs), except vitamin C in the dancing majors. Intakes of calories, calcium and iron were lower than those of the RDAs in the non-majors. Dietary attitude was positively correlated with nutrition knowledge but was negatively correlated with ‘uncont-rollable urges to eat’. In the dancing majors, ‘predisposition to obesity’ showed significantly positive correlation with obesity rate and ‘uncontrollable urges to eat’ and was negatively correlated with nutrition knowledge and dietary attitude. In the non-majors, obesity rate showed positive correlation with ‘predisposition to obesity’ and ‘uncontrollable urges to eat’. Therefore proper nutritional education program and recommended dietary allowances are required for dancing majors to improve their nutritional status.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.96-104
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• 2001

This study was performed to compare the abrasiveness and wear resistance of several restorative materials occluding enamel and gold alloy. Intact labial surface of bovine incisor and the plain portion of type III gold alloy were used as plate specimens, and pin specimens were fabricated using $Artglass^{(R)},\;Targis^{(R)},\;Sculpture^{(R)}$. After two-body wear test using pin and plate model, amount of vertical height loss of plate and pin specimens were measured and statically analyzed. The amount of vertical height loss of plate specimens against pin specimens were measured by a roughness measurement instrument. The amount of vertical height loss of pin specimens against plate specimens were measured by an image analyzing program after taking scanning electron micrographs of pin specimens. The results were as following. 1. As fir the amount of enamel wear. gold group showed least amount of wear. There was no significant difference among Sculpture, Targis and Artglass groups(p<0.05). 2. As for the amount of gold wear Sculpture group standed first and Targis and Artglass group followed respectively, and there was significant difference between Sculpture and Artglass groups(p<0.05). 3. As for the amount of restorative materials against enamel, Artglass group showed greatest, and there was no significant difference among gold. Sculpture, Targis groups(p<0.05). 4. As for the amount of restorative materials against gold, Artglass group standed first and Targis and Sculpture group followed respectively, and there was significant difference among each groups(p<0.05).

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.5-20
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to analyze and identify the higher-grade primary school children's needs for sexual education. We got the data with open question from 481 children from March to July 1999. We analyzed them according to the framework suggested by the Sex Information and Education Council of USA. The framework involves the six domains such as human development, relationship, personal skills, sexual behavior, sexual health, and society & culture. In the analysis of need for sexual education according to domain, need for human development was highest (79.2 ％), after that followed society & culture (8.3 ％), sexual health (5.8％), sexual behavior (3.6％), and relationships (3.1％). There was no need for personal skills. By topics, there were needs for puberty (38.0％), reproduction (32.5％), gender roles (6.0％), body image (4.9％), sexual abuse (2.4％) and reproductive health (2.4％). Girls and boys all mostly wanted to know human development 41.0 ％ and 38.2 ％ each. Society & culture (3.4 ％), sexual behaviour (2.7％), sexual health (2.6％), relationship (2.4％) were domains selected by boys. Girls wanted to know society & culture (4.9％) and 'sexual health (3.2％). Comparing by grade, fourth, fifth and sixth grade children are commonly interested in development, society & culture. Fourth grade children scarcely show attention on the relationship, sexual behaviour and sexual health; meanwhile sixth grade children would like to know sexual behaviour and sexual health. When their grade became higher, they would like to know more precise, concrete and deep information. We suggest that the textbook/guidebook for sexual health for the higher-grade primary school children should be developed considering the sex and grade.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.149-165
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• 1999

The pathomechanism of obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) is not clearly elucidated. The possible mechanisms are pathologic reduction of pharyngeal muscular tonus during sleep, abnormal anatomical stenosis of nasopharyx or a combination of the above two mechanisms. It is very important to find the cause(anatomical location or pathologic dynamic change) of OSA in order to treat it. Cephalometric analysis in patients with obstructive sleep apnea is a good method for evaluating anatomical morphologic change but it cannot give any information about the dynamic changes occurring during sleep. On the contrary, nasopharyngeal endoscopy offer 3 dimensional image and information about the dynamic changes. Accordingly, these two diagnostic tools can be utilize in the diagnosis and treatment planning of OSA Cephalometric analysis of craniofacial skeletal and soft tissue morphology in 53 patients with OSA and 43 controls was performed and cephalometric analysis and nasopharygeal endoscopy were performed in 9 patients with OSA in order to come up with individualized therapy plans. Following results were obtained ; Patients with OSA showed 1. body weight gain 2. clockwise mandibular rotation 3. increased anterior lower facial height 4. inferiorly positioned hyoid bone 5. increased length of soft palate 6. decreased sagittal dimension of nasopharyx 7. increased vertical length of inferior collapsable nasopharyx 8. increased length of tongue Through cephalometric analysis and nasopharygeal endoscopy(mutually cooperative in diagnosis), 9. one can find the possible origin of OSA and make a adequate individualized therapy plan and predict accurate prognosis. Cephalometric analysis and nasopharygeal endoscopy are highly recommended as a diagnostic aid in OSA patients

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.155-166
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• 2004

OP-Art was not appreciated by painters and art critics. and according1y has been forgotten in art history. But recently Op-Art is revitalized in fashion and is in its palmy days. This study intends to re-assess the value of Op-Art, by reviewing its influence on fashion design in the post-modern society To this purpose, conceptual characteristics of Op-Art was analyzed. And then, on the bases of these characteristics, the figural characteristics and the meaning of Op-Art in fashion design of post-modern society was re-explained. Op-Art is characterized as an art of flatness of picture plane which uses repetition of simple forms and colors. It is also based on trick of visual perception. Finally. it creates an impression which is flickering or vibrating by means of optical illusion. These characteristics give birth to some features such as simplicity. anonymity and mobility in the Op-Art fashion. The meanings of Op-Art in fashion design in post-modern society are as follows. First, repetition of simple units employed in Op-Art produces feeling of simplicity. which makes the Op-Art fashion works perceived as polysemy. In other words, the feeling of simplicity can be interpreted In diverse perspectives within the social context of our society. The material civilization and technology civilization, which causes the alienation and standardization of man. can be the backgrounds of the Op-Art fashion. Second, Op-Art is an art based on perspectives of spectators. Anonymity in the Op-Art fashion enhances participation of spectators. which gives Op-Art a sense of affinity. Third, through the feeling of mobility created by optical illusion techniques. the Op-Art fashion expresses the opposition to the ideal body image made by power group. In post-modern society, Op-Art in fashion gives new meaning to art. Op-Art in fashion proposes new roles of artist and spectators, and new concepts of art related with roles of human beings. Through general sensibility of men, Op-art in fashion can express new recognition of the post-modern society.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.8
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• pp.1-19
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to do an in-depth examination of Korean women in their 30's on the characteristics of their online fashion shopping, clothes-wearing, and presentation. In-depth interview and quantitative analysis were conducted as study methods. Results of this in-depth analysis showed that the factor with the most significant influence in their lifestyle was "childbirth." Childbirth was a major factor during fashion shopping and clothes-wearing. Also the results showed that the reason they used online shopping was for convenience, efficiency, rationality, pursuit of information, variety, and hedonism. In particular, women in their 30's had a higher motivation for efficiency and rationality compared to those in their 20's, and of those women, married working women showed the highest preference for fashion soho malls. Meanwhile, full-time homemakers, who pursued rationality, used open markets to search for fashion items based on price. Furthermore, the factors that women in their 30's considered during online shopping were price, design, purpose or situation for wearing the clothing, respectively. Compared to the women in their 20's, they emphasized recommendation, product properties, credibility, economy more than women in their 20's. Factors such as marriage and childbirth were more influential than occupation. Meanwhile, the factors that women in their 30's considered for wearing and presentation were time, place, and occasion(TPO), which all showed high importance in in-depth interview and quantitative analysis. Other factors were 'suitable image to self' and 'covering up body figure.'

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.37-52
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• 1996

Image-guided localized, water-suppressed in vivo $^1$H MR spectroscopic studies were performed on the patients with brain tumors, acute cerebral infarction and schizophrenia, and dogs. GE Signa 1.5 T whole-body MRI/MRS system using STEAM pulse sequence was used. Proton metabolite ratios relative to creatine (Cr) were obtained using a Marquart algorithm. In vivo $^1$H MR spectra in brain neoplastic tissues revealed the changes of signal intensities of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho) and lactate (Lac) resonances. The present results suggest that the observed metabolite alterations from localized, water-suppressed in vivo $^1$H MR spectroscopy can be useful as an index of brain tumors, cerebral infarction and schizophrenia, and provide good quality metabolic information of cerebral tissue in the field of thanato-chronology.