• Title/Summary/Keyword: body growth

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The Effects of Taekwondo Training Program on Body Composition, Bone Mineral Density and Growth Factors in the Children (태권도 수련 프로그램이 아동들의 신체 조성, 골밀도 및 성장 인자에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Hyung-Don;Kim, Duk-Jung
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.18 no.9
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    • pp.1230-1238
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    • 2008
  • The purposes of this study was to identify the effects of regular training on body composition, bone mineral density and growth factors by taekwondo training program in the children. Subjects were aged 11$\sim$13 years. There was classified two groups (experiment group 12, control group 12), total 24. Measured items for this study were body composition (weight, percent body fat, body mass index), lumbar (L2, L3, L4), femur (neck, trochanter, ward's triangles) bone mineral density and growth factors (growth hormone, IGF-I, IGFBP-III) in the 12weeks before and after. Results of this study were as follows; In the body composition, there were showed significant differences on the weight, percent body fat and body mass index level between groups. In the bone mineral density, there were showed significant differences on the lumbar 2, 3, and femur neck, femur trochanter, femur ward's triangles level between groups. In the growth factors, there were showed significant differences on the growth hormone, IGF-I, and IGFBP-III level between groups. This study showed that an 12weeks taekwondo training program affected in a positive effects in almost of items in trained children.

Early Growth of Cultured Larval Haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus (Haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus 자어의 초기성장)

  • Park, In-Seok;Johnson, Stewart C.;Hur, Jun-Wook
    • Development and Reproduction
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.271-275
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    • 2006
  • The objective of this study was to examine the early growth of haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus larvae from a series of reared specimens for provide information to developmental biology and more information on the aspect of aquaculture in the larvae of this species. Larvae were reared in the laboratory and sampled periodically for developmental study until 67 days after hatching. An increase in total length of fish indicated continuous growth, described by the growth expression of the type $TL=3.5374e^{0.0536X}(r^2=0.8759$, where TL is total length and X is at days after hatching) and $BW=0.0002e^{0.1858X}(r^2=0.8671$, where BW is body weight and X is at days after hatching), respectively. Pattern of body depth and pectoral fin length are instantaneous growth which expression of the type $BD=0.3545e^{0.0778X},\;r^2=0.9563$(where BD is body depth and X is at days after hatching) for body depth growth and the type $PL=0.0111e^{0.1591X},\;r^2=0.9194$(where PL is pectoral fin length and X is at days after hatching) for pectoral fin length growth. The relationship of body depth and total length expressed as $BD=0.2397X-0.5735(r^2=0.9957$, where BD is body depth and X is total length), and pectoral fin length and total length is $PL=0.1929X-1.3767(r^2=0.9882$, where PL is pectoral fin length and X is total length) pectoral fin length against body depth simultaneously recorded for juvenile haddock(PL=0.8117BD-0.9718, $r^2=0.9814$, where PL is pectoral fin length and BD is body depth). Relationship of body depth and body weight was expressed the type of $BD=-9.4734X^2+19.046X+1.3672,\;r^2=0.941$(where BD is body depth and X is body weight), and pectoral fin length and body weight expressed the type of $PL=6.379X^2+14.023X+0.3774,\;r^2=0.9494$(where PL is pectoral fin length and X is body weight). From this point view, growth characteristics of juvenile haddock in this experiment may be useful to establish a successful culture technique for rearing larval haddock.

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The Effect of InsamGobonHwan (IGH) on Growth of Rats (인삼고본환가미방(人蔘固本丸加味方)이 흰쥐의 성장(成長)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Park, Sun-Young;Baek, Jung-Han
    • The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.177-191
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    • 2009
  • Objectives To evaluate the effect of InsamGobonHwan (IGH) on growth of rats. Methods We divided male Sprague-Dawley rats into 4 groups(IGHE1, IGHE2, IGHE3 and sham group). IGHE1, IGHE2, IGHE3 groups were administered with IGHE water extracts once a day at the dose of 1,000, 500 and 250mg/kg/$10m{ell}$ for 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks. Sham group was administered with normal saline with using the same method. We measured body weight, amount of body weight increasing, length of femur, serum Growth Hormone(GH), serum Insulin-like Growth Factor-I(IGF-I), serum Thyroid-stimulating Hormone(TSH) and serum testosterone at 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks of experiment. Results The body weight and the changes of body weight increased significantly in IGHE1 group compared to sham group after 2 and 3 weeks, and in IGHE2 group after 2 weeks. The lengths of the femur increased significantly in IGHE1 group as compared with sham group after 1, 2 and 3 weeks, and in IGHE3 group after 1 week. The level of IGF-I in the serum increased significantly in S1 group as compared tosham group after 1 and 3 weeks, and in IGHE13 group after 3 weeks. The level of TSH in the serum increased significantly in IGHE1group as compared to sham group after 2 and 3 weeks. The level of GH and testosterone in the serum does not change significantly. Conclusions SGT have an effect of promoting growth of rats and might be effect to treat various kinds of growth delay in children.

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Thiamin Requirements for Vegetative Growth and Fruit Body Formation of Lentinula edodes

  • Shin, Gab-Gyun;Meguro, Sadatoshi;Kawachi, Shinsaku
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.48-54
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    • 2000
  • The effects of thiamin on vegetative mycelial growth and fruit body formation of Lentinuia edodes were investigated in basal peptone-glucose liquid medium in relation to the uptake of thiamin. Thiamin was essential for fruit body formation, and the minimum requirements for thiamin were estimated to be approximately 10 ${\mu}g$/L. The vegetative mycelial growth was little influenced by the addition of thiamin in the range of 1.5 ${\mu}g$~1.5 mg/L. While the mycelium was successively transferred to fresh peptone-glucose-agar medium three times, the repression of mycelial growth was not significant. Even in cases using vitamin-free casamino acid or glutamic acid as a nitrogen source instead of peptone, a thiamin deficiency for mycelial growth did not occur as a result of transferring the mycelia to fresh media. Almost all of the thiamin contained in the media accumulated in the mycelia during the first 3 weeks of a 9-week incubation. These results suggest that only trace amounts of thiamin are required for vegetative mycelial growth in Lentinula edodes and that almost all thiamin added to a basal medium will be used for fruit body formation.

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Study on the Changes in Enzyme and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Concentrations in Blood Serum and Growth Characteristics of Velvet Antler during the Antler Growth Period in Sika Deer (Cervus nippon)

  • Park, Jaehyun;Jeon, Byongtae;Kang, Sungki;Oh, Mirae;Kim, Myonghwa;Jang, Seyoung;Park, Pyojam;Kim, Sangwoo;Moon, Sangho
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.28 no.9
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    • pp.1303-1308
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    • 2015
  • This study was conducted to investigate changes in blood enzyme parameters and to evaluate the relationship between insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), antler growth and body weight during the antler growth of sika deer (Cervus nippon). Serum enzyme activity and IGF-1 concentrations were measured in blood samples collected from the jugular and femoral veins at regular intervals during the antler growth period. Blood samples were taken in the morning from fasted stags (n = 12) which were healthy and showed no clinical signs of disease. Alfalfa was available ad libitum and concentrates were given at 1% of body weight to all stags. The experimental diet was provided at 9 am with water available at all times. There were no significant differences in alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase during antler growth, but alkaline phosphatase concentrations increased with antler growth progression, and the highest alkaline phosphatase concentration was obtained 55 days after antler casting. Serum IGF-1 concentrations measured from blood samples taken from the jugular vein during antler growth, determined that levels of IGF-1 was associated with body weight and antler growth patterns. Serum IGF-1 concentrations were higher at the antler cutting date than other sampling dates. Antler length increased significantly during antler growth (p<0.001), and there was a similar trend to between right and left beams. Body weight increased with antler growth but was not significant. Consequently it appeared that serum alkaline phosphatase concentration was related to antler growth and both antler growth and body weight were associated positively with IGF-1 concentrations during antler growth.

Growth curve estimates for wither height, hip height, and body length of Hanwoo steers (Bos taurus coreanae)

  • Park, Hu-Rak;Eum, Seung-Hoon;Roh, Seung-Hee;Sun, Du-Won;Seo, Jakyeom;Cho, Seong-Keun;Lee, Jung-Gyu;Kim, Byeong-Woo
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.44 no.3
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    • pp.384-391
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    • 2017
  • Growth curves in Hanwoo steers were estimated by Gompertz, Von Bertalanffy, Logistic, and Brody nonlinear models using growth data collected by the Hanwoo Improvement Center from a total of 6,973 Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) steers 6 to 24 months old that were born between 1996 and 2015. The data included three parameters: A, mature size of body measurement; b, growth ratio; and, k, intrinsic growth rate. Nonlinear regression equations for wither height according to Gompertz, Von Bertalanffy, Logistic, and Brody models were $Y_t=144.7e^{-0.5869e^{-0.00301t}}$, $Y_t=145.3(1-0.1816e^{-0.00284t})^3$, $Y_t=143.1(1+0.7356e^{-0.00352t})^{-1}$, and $Y_t=146.8(1+0.4700e^{-0.00249t})^1$, respectively, while those for hip height were $Y_t=144.5e^{-0.5549e^{-0.00312t}}$, $Y_t=145.0(1-0.1724e^{-0.00295t})^3$, $Y_t=143.1(1+0.6863e^{-0.00360t})^{-1}$, and $Y_t=146.2(1+0.4501e^{-0.00263t})^1$, respectively. Equations for body length $Y_t=174.1e^{-0.8342e^{-0.00289t}}$, $Y_t=175.8(1-0.2500e^{-0.00265t})^3$, $Y_t=170.0(1+1.1548e^{-0.00363t})^{-1}$, and $Y_t=180.3(1+0.6077e^{-0.00215t})^1$, respectively, for the same models. Among the four models, the Brody model resulted in the lowest mean square error, with mean square errors of 31.79, 30.57, and 42.13, respectively, for wither height, hip height, and body length. Also, an estimated birth wither height, birth hip height, and birth body length (77.98, 80.57, and 70.97 cm, respectively) were lower in the Brody model than in other models. An inflection point was not observed during the growth phase of Hanwoo steer according to the growth curves calculated using Gompertz, Von Bertalanffy, and Logistic models. Based on the results, we concluded that the regression equation using the Brody model was the most appropriate among the four growth models. To obtain more accurate parameters, however, using data from a wider production period (from birth to shipping) would be required, and the development of a suitable model for body conformation traits would be needed.

Effects of the Residues from Medicinal Herb Extracts on Growth and Body Composition of Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) (한약 탕제 부산물 첨가사료가 넙치 (Paralichthys olivaceus)의 성장과 체조성에 미치는 영향)

  • JEONG Gwan Sik;JI Seung Cheol;JU Yong Seok
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.36 no.6
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    • pp.614-618
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    • 2003
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary medicinal herb residues (MHR) on the growth and body composition of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Two replicate groups of olive flounder with initial mean body weight of $18.7\pm0.3\;g$ were fed 8:2 (raw fish and commercial compound meal ratio)MP diet containing $0\%,\;50\%,\;10\%,\;15\%\;and\;20\%$ MHR for 7 weeks. Weight gain and feed efficiency increased in the $5\%\;and\;10\%$ group as compared to the control group, whereas they decreased in the $15\%\;and\;20\%$ groups. Moisture, crude protein, and crude ash content of the whole body were not significantly different between experimental groups, whereas crude lipid content of the $5\%\;and\;10\%$ groups were significantly higher than that of the $10\%\;and\;20\%$ groups. The results indicate that the addition of $5\%\;and\;10\%$ MHR in 8:2 MP diet can improve growth and feed efficiency, but addition of more than $15\%$ were not effective.

Fruit-body Formation of Flammulina velutipes on the Synthetic Medium -II. Effect of Vitamins and Inorganic Salts- (합성배지(合成培地)를 이용(利用)한 팽나무 버섯의 자실체형성(字實體形成)에 관한 연구(硏究) -제(第) 2 보(報) : Vitamin과 무기염류(無機鹽類)의 영향(影響)-)

  • Hong, Jai-Sik;Yoon, Sook
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.255-260
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    • 1981
  • Effects of vitamins and inorganic salts on the mycelial growth and fruit-body formation of Flammulina velutipes were investigated. Thiamine was most effective on the mycelial growth and fruit-body formation, and its optimum concentration was$50{\mu}g%$. The mycelial growth and fruit-body formation were enhanced by the addition of $KH_{2}PO_{4}\:and\:MgSO_{4}$ at the concentration of 0.2 and 0.02% respectively, but other inorganic salts were ineffective for mycelial growth and fruit-body formation.

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Influence of Cu[II] on the Growth of Korean Axolotl, Hynobius leechii (동이온이 도롱뇽유생의 성장에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Jin Ho;Won Hark Park;Sang Ock Park
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.106-113
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    • 1983
  • The growth of Korean axolotl., Hynobius leechii, was analyzed in natural water as control group and in six copper ion groups contaminated by 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 ppm of copper ion. The copper ion checks the growth of the axolotl. The axolotl was not survived during 30 days in the copper ion of 0.3ppm, and, in the 0.4ppm the axolotl was not survived during 10 days after hatch. The growth of head width and body length show a convexing increase pattern, while that of hind leg shows a concaving increase pattern. The copper ion checks the development of hind leg. In the growth quantity of head width, body length and hid leg, that of natural water show the most rapid increase pattern, and copper ion groups of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3ppm follow in that order. The coefficient of relative growth($\alpha$) of control group is the greater value, and the copper ion groups of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3ppm follow in that order. The contaminated groups show the negative allometry in the relative growth of the containated groups to the natural water. Body length shows positive allometry, while hind leg shows negative allometry in the relative growth to head width.

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EFFECT OF TRYPSIN-DIGESTED BOVINE GROWTH HORMONE ON WHOLE-BODY PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN VITRO IN CHICKEN EMBRYOS

  • Kita, K.;Hatano, S.;Okumura, J.;Muramatsu, T.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.319-323
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    • 1993
  • The effect of bovine growth hormone digested with trypsin on whole-body protein synthesis in vitro of chicken embryos was investigated by using a whole-embryo culture system. Bovine growth hormone at 5.3 and 530 ng/ml was digested partially and completely with trypsin for 4 min and 18 h, respectively. After culturing chicken embryos with a synthetic medium containing $L-[4-^3H]$ pheylalanine, whole-embryo protein synthesis was determined from the ratio of specific radioactivities of free and protein-bound pheylalanine. Whole-embryo protein synthesis of the control group cultured with no bovine growth hormone was $49.5{\pm}2.2%/d$. There was no significant interaction between digestion time and the concentration of trypsin-digested bovine growth hormone. Tryptic digestion of bovine growth hormone increased fractional synthesis rates of whole-body protein compared to the 0-min groups, and there was no significant difference between the 4-min and 18-h groups. The higher concentration (530 ng/ml) of trypsin-digested bovine growth hormone was more effective in enhancing whole-embryo protein synthesis than the lower concentration (5.3 ng/ml).