• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.279-283
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• 2013

We tested the effects of various distillers dried grains (DDGs) in a formulated diet on growth and body composition of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. DDG is a solid residue obtained by filtering an aqueous mixture of fermented rice with Aspergillus oryzae and yeasts. Six isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets (DDG0, DDG-G, DDG-C, DDG-K, DDG-W, and DDG-P) were formulated to contain 20% DDG obtained from different Makgeolli factories. Juvenile sea cucumber (average weight, $2.1{\pm}0.02$ g) were randomly distributed in eighteen 50-L rectangular plastic tanks (40 L of water each) in a seawater flow-through system at a density of 50 juveniles/tank. Three replicate groups of sea cucumber were fed each of the six experimental diets at a feeding rate of 5% body weight per day for 22 weeks. At the end of the feeding experiment, survival and weight gain of the juvenile sea cucumber were not affected by the type of dietary DDG (P > 0.05), and the proximate and amino acid compositions of the whole body were not affected by dietary DDG diets (P > 0.05). These results indicate that rice-based DDG is a potential dietary ingredient that could be used at dietary concentrations of up to 20% for growth of juvenile sea cucumber.

• Journal of mucopolysaccharidosis and rare diseases
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.41-43
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• 2017

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder that is considered, especially on child, to cause poor feeding, hypotonia, failure to thrive, developmental delay and hypogonadism which is known to affect between 1 in 10,000 and 30,000 people. The children with PWS are viewed as affected by growth hormone (GH) insufficiency, although the exact mechanisms of GH deficiency are not fully understood. However, the benefits of GH treatment in children with PWS are well established. Myers, et al. (2006), Grugni, et al. (2016) indicated its positive effects on linear growth, body composition, motor function, respiratory function and psychomotor development. Despite of its effectiveness and advantages had been well known and proven in many other studies, there is only one recombinant GH product that is approved for PWS in Korea, $Genotropin^{(R)}$, till now. A phase III clinical study of GH treatment with $Eutropin^{TM}$, in 34 Korean PWS children is in progress, which is expected to have comparable effects and safety profile with the active control by assessing auxological changes such as height standard deviation score, body composition changes such as lean body mass and percent body fat, motor and cognitive development using Bayley scale, and safety profiles.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1686-1695
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• 2015

Molecular marker selection has been an acceptable tool in the acceleration of the genetic response of desired traits to improve production performance in chickens. The crossbreds from commercial parent stock (PS) broilers with four Thai synthetic breeds; Kaen Thong (KT), Khai Mook Esarn (KM), Soi Nin (SN), and Soi Pet (SP) were used to study the association among chicken growth hormones (cGH) and the insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) genes for growth and carcass traits; for the purpose of developing a suitable terminal breeding program for Thai broilers. A total of 408 chickens of four Thai broiler lines were genotyped, using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. The cGH gene was significantly associated with body weight at hatching; at 4, 6, 8, 10 weeks of age and with average daily gain (ADG); during 2 to 4, 4 to 6, 0 to 6, 0 to 8, and 0 to 10 weeks of age in $PS{\times}KM$ chickens. For $PS{\times}KT$ populations, cGH gene showed significant association with body weight at hatching, and ADG; during 8 to 10 weeks of age. The single nucleotide polymorphism variant confirmed that allele G has positive effects for body weight and ADG. Within carcass traits, cGH revealed a tentative association within the dressing percentage. For the IGF-I gene polymorphism, there were significant associations with body weight at hatching; at 2, 4, and 6 weeks of age and ADG; during 0 to 2, 4 to 6, and 0 to 6 weeks of age; in all of four Thai broiler populations. There were tentative associations of the IGF-I gene within the percentages of breast muscles and wings. Thus, cGH gene may be used as a candidate gene, to improve growth traits of Thai broilers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.577-583
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the supplemental effects of dietary garlic extract (GE) on growth performance of juvenile sterlet sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus). The first experiment was designed to determine the optimum levels of garlic extract as growth promoter during 10 weeks. Three groups (two replicates/group) of 240 fish with mean body weight of 85 g were fed with diets containing 0 (control), 0.5 and 1.0% of GE. The highest weight gain (%) and feed efficiency (%) were found in fish groups fed with diet containing 0.5% GE. Subsequently, the supplemental effects of dietary GE was studied on growth of juvenile sterlet sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus) with an average body weight of 59.6 g. Fish cultured in freshwater were randomly allotted to each of 10 tanks (two groups of five replicates, 20 fish/tank) and fed diets with 0.5% GE or without GE (control), respectively, at the level of 2.0% of fish body weight per day for 5 weeks. Weight gain (51.1%), feed efficiency (79.1%), specific growth rate (1.18%) and protein efficiency ratio (1.50) of fish fed 0.5% GE were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those fish fed the control diet. Significantly higher protein (PRE 20.4%) and lipid retention efficiencies (LRE, 74.5%) were also found in 0.5% GE group (p<0.05). The present results suggested that dietary GE could improve growth and feed utilization of juvenile sterlet sturgeons.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2010

Two feeding experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary genetically modified (GM) soya and com on growth performance, feed utilization and body composition of juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus and rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii. For each fish species, four isonitrogenous (50% crude protein) and isocaloric (4.1 kcal/g) diets (designated as nGM soya, GM soya, nGM com and GM com) were formulated to contain 20% non-GM (nGM) and GM soya and com. Thirty olive flounder (initial body weight, 15.4${\pm}$0.4 g) and fifty rockfish (initial body weight, 3.1${\pm}$0.02 g) were distributed in each 400 L tank (200 L water) in a flow through system. Each experimental diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish to visual satiation, twice a day (9:00 hand 17:00 h) for 6 weeks. Growth performance was measured every three weeks. No effects of GM feedstuffs on survival were observed. Dietary inclusion of GM feedstuffs did not affect growth performance and feed utilization of fishes, except for rockfish fed GM com. Rockfish fed the GM com diet showed higher weight gain, daily feed intake and daily protein intake than did fish fed the nGM com diet, but no significant differences were observed in final body weight between the dietary treatments. Condition factor, hepatosomatic index, visceral somatic index and body composition were not altered by the inclusion of GM feedstuffs. These results indicate that dietary inclusion of GM soya and com could have no effects on growth performance and feed utilization of juvenile flounder and rockfish. Lower weight gain and feed intake in flounder and rockfish fed the diets containing 20% soya were likely due to anti-nutritional factors, rather than transgenic factors in the feedstuffs. Dietary inclusion of GM soya and com at the level tested did not alter the body composition of fishes. Further studies to investigate the effects of GM feedstuffs on health conditions and the development of fishes, as well as those of residue of transgenic fragments in ambient environments and in animals are necessary for safe use of the ingredients in aquaculture.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.601-612
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• 2008

This study was conducted to figure out how the shape of Hanwoo changes over time, examine the rank correlations between the carcass traits which are the selection traits and parameters of growth curve, and determine the correlation between body shape and carcass. Body weight, body measurements and carcass traits were measured from 161 castrated Hanwoo, and 12 growth traits and 5 carcass traits were investigated in total. The logistic model(Nelder, 1961) used for the estimation of growth curve parameters and growth characteristics at inflection point were calculated by these growth curve parameters. The value of this parameter was greatest for pinbone width, which suggests that it is an early ripening trait, while it was lowest for chest girth, suggesting it to be a late ripening trait. The rank correlations of chest depth, chest width, and hip width with backfat thickness steadily increased from 6 to 24 months, while the rank correlations of other traits decreased after 18 months until 24 months of age. Only phenotypic records were analyzed in this study, but for examine the genetic changes over growth phase in Hanwoo, if another additional genetic analysis like as estimation of genetic parameters should achieve, body measurements may be useful traits in proven bull selection.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.331-335
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• 1999

The present study describes the analysis of the multiphasic growth function (MGF) to body weight in laboratory and wild mice. Three genetic groups of laboratory mice (Mus musculus domesticus) designated $CF_{{\sharp}1}$, C3H/HeNCrj and C57BL/6NCrj, and a genetic group of Yonakuni wild mice (Mus musculus molossinus yonakuni, Yk) were used. Mean body weights of each genetic group-sex subclass from birth to 69 days of age taken at 3-day intervals were analyzed by a monophasic, diphasic and triphasic functions for describing growth patterns. A comparison among the three functions of the MGF was based on the goodness-of-fit criteria: residual standard deviation (RSD), adjusted R-square (Adj $R^2$) and Akaike's information criterion (AIC). Result of this study indicated that body weight averaged heavier for males than for females. Among the four genetic groups within both sexes, $CF_{{\sharp}1}$ showed the highest, subsequent followed by C3H/HeNCrj, C57BL/6NCrj and Yk. Comparison among the three functions revealed that the triphasic function was the best fit to growth data, with the lowest RSD, the highest Adj $R^2$ and the lowest AIC, for the four genetic groups. For the triphasic function, RSD within each genetic group-sex subclass was similar for males and females. Adj $R^2$ was 0.999 for all genetic group-sex subclasses. AIC for laboratory mice males and females ranged from -70.48 to 66.50 and from -92.81 to -68.64, respectively; whereas for Yk wild mice males was -74.29 and females -78.42.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 1998

The effects of Obosan in the diet on growth, percent weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ration and body composition of nile tilpia were investigated. First feeding fry average weighing 11.0 mg were fed the diets containing 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% Obosan for 7 weeks. Body weight, percent weight gain, specific growith rate of fish fed the diets containing 0.25%, 0.5% and 1.0% Obosan were significantly higher than control diet (P<0.05). Feed conversion ratio of fish fed the diets containing 0.25% and 0.5% Obosan showed best results compare to other experimental groups (P<0.05). Juvenile average weighing 281.0g and adult fish average weighing 563.0g were fed control and 0.3% Obosan supplemented diet for 30 days and 175 days, respectively. Body weight, percent weight gain and specific growth rate were significantly higher in the fish fed Obosan supplemented diet than control diet (P<0.05). Crude protein, crude lipid, crude ash and moisture of dorsal muscle and liver were not significantly different between two experimental groups.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.185-191
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• 2015

Objective : In order to provide normal values of the pediatric sub-axial cervical spinal canal and vertebral body growth pattern using computed tomographic scans, a total of 318 patients less than 10 years old were included. Methods : The growth of the vertebral body and canal space was investigated using four different age groups. The Torg ratio (TR) was calculated and all patients were classified into a low TR group and a high TR group according to a cutoff value of 1.0. To account for spinal curvature, the C3-7 angle was measured. Results : Very little axial expansion and growth in height were observed (2.9 mm and 3.4 mm, respectively), and the spinal canal increments (1.8 mm) were much smaller than the dimensions of the vertebral body. The mean TR values were $1.03{\pm}0.14$ at the C3 vertebral level, $1.02{\pm}0.13$ at C4, $1.05{\pm}0.13$ at C5, $1.04{\pm}0.13$ at C6, and $1.02{\pm}0.12$ at C7 in all patients. The mean sub-axial angle (C3-7) was $7.9{\pm}10.6^{\circ}$ (range: $-17-47^{\circ}$). Conclusion : The upper sub-axial spinal canal continuously increased in size compared to the lower sub-axial spine after 8 years of age. Considerable decrements in the TR was found after late childhood compared to younger ages. Generally, there were no significant differences between boys and girls in vertical length of the cervical vertebrae. However, the axial dimension of the vertebral body and the spinal canal space varied according to gender.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between mid parental height (MPH), birth weight, current growth condition of children (height, weight, BMI, body fat percentage, bone age) and final height of the future. Methods The study was conducted with 237 children, who were 12 - 14 years old. They were analyzed to find out the relationship between MPH, birth weight, height, current weight, BMI, body fat percentage, bone age and predicted height. Results 1. As MPH was increased, height and predicted height were also increased. As MPHs in girls were increased, 'bone age - chronological age' were decreased. As MPHs in girls were increased, body fat percentages were decreased. 2. As birth weights were increased, height, weight, BMI and body fat percentages were also increased in boys. 3. As body fat percentage was increased, predicted height was decreased. As 'bone age - chronological age' was increased, predicted height was decreased. As BMI was increased, 'bone age - chronological age' was increased. As body fat percentages in boys were increased, heights were decreased. As body fat percentages in girls were increased, 'bone age - chronological age' were increased. Conclusions MPH, birth weight, current growth condition (height, weight, BMI, body fat percentage, bone age) and predicted height are correlated to each other. There are some differences between boys and girls in these relationships.