• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.114-120
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• 2001

Objectives : Man adapts himself to nature, so accordingly as he grows up, changes of body composition appear. This study measured the changes of body compositions on the ground of Sasang constitution and seasons Methods : 253 middle school students who live in Busan were studied from the 20th of March, 1999 to the 20th of March, 2001. We measured height and body compositions with Inbody 3.0, six times during that period. Results : According as they grew up, total body water, muscle area, body weight, BMI (Body Mass Index), BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate), ACM (Arm Muscle Circumference), and BCM (Body Cell Mass) increased, but fat body weight ratio decreased. From March to June, total body water, muscle area, height, ACM, and BCM increased. From September to December fat body weight, fat body weight ratio, waist hip ratio increased as compared with other seasons. Height of Soyangin and BMI of both Soyangin and Taeumin increased more than those of other groups, with statistical significance Conclusions : The growth of man is adapting oneself to changes of nature, and it corresponds to the theory of (correspondence between man and universe).

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.697-700
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• 2006

This study was aimed at finding out changes in body composition of obese patients, such as body weight, body fat mass and lean body mass. The subjects of this study are 33 females and 6 males who are from obesity clinic at Gunsan medical center. We measured body composition using BIA(Bioelectrical Impedence Analysis) to compare pre-treatment with post-treatment. The measured data were analyzed by paired t-test using SPSS. Differences were considered significant at P<0.05. Body weigh, body fat mass and lean body mass were reduced each by $3.76{\pm}23.41{\;}kg,{\;}2.29{\pm}1.96kg{\;}and{\;}1.59{\pm}1.38kg$ at a significant level after 4 week-treatment.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.308-321
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• 2001

Behavior modification is an approach to decrease degree of obesity through changing maladaptive eating habit and life style. It produces small amount of weight loss but it has few side effects and low dropout rate. It also has great effectiveness on maintenance of decreased weight. This study was performed to investigate effects of behavior modification on physical variables, fat and thin habit, and self-esteem in obese elementary school children. Sixty two students of 4th, 5th, and 6th grade were selected from two elementary schools located in the suburbs of Seoul. Thirty four children in one school were assigned to experimental group and twenty eight children in another school were assigned to control group. All subjects were healthy and were not on any type of obesity control. Behavior modification, in this study, was consisted of introduction, self-monitoring and stimuli control, education about diet and physical activities, individual counseling and reinforcement, requesting personal assistance, cognitive restructuring, and closing and long-term planning. Experimental group was received 60～70 minutes of behavior modification once a week for 8 weeks from October 16 to December 22, 2000. Control group was not received any intervention. Data were collected before and after intervention by measuring physical variables, fat and thin habit, and self-esteem. Physical variables consisted of obesity index, skinfold thickness, body fat(percentage of body fat, fat mass, fat free mass), serum lipids(total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglyceride) and serum leptin. The results were as follows ; 1. physical variables 1) Obesity index of the experimental group was significantly decreased after behavior modification. But there was no significant difference between two groups. 2) The increase of skinfold thickness was significantly low in the experimental group compared to the control group. 3) Percentage of body fat and fat mass were significantly decreased in the experimental group. Fat free mass was significantly increased in the experimental group. 4) Total cholesterol, HDL-C, triglyceride and serum leptin between the experimental group and control group showed no significant difference. LDL-C was significantly decreased in the control group. 2. Thin habit score was significantly increased in the experimental group. In subcategories of habit, thin scores of life style, attitude, social relationship, nutrition were signifi- cantly increased in the experimental group. 3. Self-esteem score was significantly increased in the experimental group. These results indicate that behavior modification is effective in decreasing percentage of body fat and fat mass, in less increasing skinfold thickness and in increasing fat free mass, thin habit, and self-esteem. In conclusion, behavior modification can be used as safe and effective strategy for managing obesity in elementary school children.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 1992.05a
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• pp.36-37
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• 1992

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.13-26
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• 2022

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Dang Dang integrated corrective therapy including myofascial release, chuna therapy, and exercise therapy on height, muscle mass, body fat, and body water in patients with body imbalance. The secondary aim was to investigate whether the percent of change in height, muscle mass, body fat, and body water varied by age group. Methods : In total, 279 patients with body imbalance between the ages of 10 and 79 were recruited at hospitals. All participants had Dang Dang integrated corrective therapy including myofascial release, chuna therapy, and exercise therapy. The patients' height, muscle mass, body fat, and body water were measured before and after Dang Dang integrated corrective therapy using InBody. Results : The height, muscle mass, and body water significantly increased after Dang Dang integrated corrective therapy in all age groups except for the 70~79 age group and body fat significantly decreased (p < .05). The age group comparison of the percent change in height, muscle mass, and body water showed significant differences (p < .05). In the post hoc test, the percent change of height in the 10~19 age group was significantly greater than in the other age groups except for the 70~79 age group. The percent change of muscle mass and body water in the 10~19 age group was significantly greater than in the 30~39 age group. Conclusion : These findings suggest that applying Dang Dang integrated corrective therapy to patients with body imbalance, excluding patients aged 70~79, may be a useful method to increase height, muscle mass, and body water and decrease body fat through spinal and joint realignment. The best results were observed in teenagers.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.72 no.5
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• pp.433-440
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• 2012

Background: The pulmonary function test is the most basic test method to diagnosis lung disease. The purpose of this study was to research the correlation of the body mass index (BMI), the fat percentage of the body mass (fat%), the muscle mass, the fat-free mass (FFM) and the fat-free mass index (FFMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), on the forced expiratory volume curve. Methods: Between March and April 2009, a total of 291 subjects were enrolled. There were 152 men and 139 female (mean age, $46.3{\pm}9.92$ years), and they were measured for the following: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at 1 second ($FEV_1$), and forced expiratory flow during the middle half of the FVC ($FEF_{25-75}$) from the forced expiratory volume curve by the spirometry, and the body composition by the bioelectrical impedance method. Correlation and a multiple linear regression, between the body composition and pulmonary function, were used. Results: BMI and fat% had no correlation with FVC, $FEV_1$ in male, but FFMI showed a positive correlation. In contrast, BMI and fat% had correlation with FVC, $FEV_1$ in female, but FFMI showed no correlation. Both male and female, FVC and $FEV_1$ had a negative correlation with WHR (male, FVC r=-0.327, $FEV_1$ r=-0.36; p<0.05; female, FVC r=-0.175, $FEV_1$ r=-0.213; p<0.05). In a multiple linear regression of considering the body composition of the total group, FVC explained FFM, BMI, and FFMI in order ($r^2$=0.579, 0.657, 0.663). $FEV_1$ was explained only fat% ($r^2$=0.011), and $FEF_{25-75}$ was explained muscle mass, FFMI, FFM ($r^2$=0.126, 0.138, 0.148). Conclusion: The BMI, fat%, muscle mass, FFM, FFMI, WHR have significant association with pulmonary function but $r^2$ (adjusted coefficient of determination) were not high enough for explaining lung function.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1056-1064
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• 1995

This study was performed to investigate the difference between obese and non-obese male students. To conduct this study, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, serum lipids and insulin concentration, and daily nutrients intake of obese and non-obese mal students were measured. The results are as follows : The anthrometric measurements of the two groups showed significant difference in weight (P<0.01), waist(P<0.001), hip(p<0.0001) and thigh (P<0.001) circumference, % of body fat(p<0.0001), kg of body fat(p<0.001) and LBM (lean body mass, p<0.0001). On the other hand, the blood pressure, serum lipids and insulin, and daily nutrients intake of the two groups showed no significant difference. The WHR showed positive correlation with weight, BMI, waist circumference, % of body fat and kg of body fat in obese group. It is also founded that waist circumference, % of body fat, kg of body fat, serum triglyceride, energy and carbohydrate intake in non-obese group showed positive correlation with WHR.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was aimed to identify the effects of group exercise on physiological functions in Elderly. Method: The design of research was one group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were sixty two elderly women persons over sixty years old to live in C-GUN, The exercise period was 12-weeks and frequency was three times per week. the exercise duration was sixty minites. In order to evaluate the effect of exercise, we measured %body fat, fat mass(FM), fat free mass(FFM), body mass index(BMI), body metabolic rate(BMR), Total Cholesterol(TC), Triglyceride(TG), high density lipoprotein-c(HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-c(LDL-C) before and after the 12 week's group exercise program. The data analyzed by the paired t-test using SPSS package. Result: There was significant difference in FFM(p=.000), BMR(p=.000), HDL-C(p=.010). There was no significant difference in weight(p=.122), %body fat(p=.062),, FM(p=.704), BMI(p=.136), TC(p=.125), TG(p=.064), LDL-C(p=.575) Conclusion: This group exercise for elderly women can be recommended as an effective nursing intervention for elderly women in a community.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.25-32
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• 2013

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of physical activity program on body composition and cardiovascular risk factors in security guards. The subjects consisted of twenty security guards who are working to the security company in Seoul, physical activity group of 10 people and control group of 10 people in 2012. The results were as following. For body composition, there were significant decreases in body fat, also significant increases in fat free mass(p<.05). There were significant decreases in TG, elevated HDL-C was observed with physical activity group(p<.05). It is concluded that physical activity program might make beneficial effect such as increasing fat free mass, it also produces lower incidence of cardiovascular disease during 12 weeks in security guards.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.167-179
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• 2011

Objectives: In this study, we used with visceral fat area(VFA)/subcutaneous fat area(SFA) ratio(V/S ratio) and bioelectrical impedence analysis(BIA) for a comparative study between VFA measured from several abdominal computed tomography(CT) images and obesity indexes, such as body mass index(BM), waist circumference(WC), and waist-hip ratio(WHR). Methods: A group of 63 test subjects were gathered in the oriental medical hospital of Kyung-Won university. BIA for body composition and body size for obesity indexes were estimated to evaluate the obesity indexes. Pearson correlation coefficients and regression analysis were used to select useful obesity index. Results: The VFA-CT was significantly related to BMI, SFA, WC, hip circumference(HC), body fat mass(BFM), basal metabolic rate(BMR), and VFA-BIA. Especially, we found that the VFA-BIA and BMI were significantly correlated to VFA-CT. Conclusions: VFA-BIA index is an optimized index for diagnosis and evaluation of obesity. Finally, we found that the BMI is optimized to represent VFA.