• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.7
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• pp.629-635
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• 2007

Purpose : This study was conducted to assess the usefulness of fat-free mass index (FFMI) and fat mass index (FMI) as novel expression methods of body composition in children. Methods : A total of 466 Second grade students-248 boys and 218 girls- from all elementary schools the Gwacheon City underwent anthropometric measures including bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and biochemical tests. The correlation coefficients between obesity indices, including FMI and FFMI, and metabolic risk factors, were assessed. Metabolic risk factors of children with increased FMI were compared with those of children with normal FMI. We compared FMI and FFMI percentile distribution between this study's subjects and the subjects of the Fukuoka body composition study. Results : FMI was lower and FFMI was higher in this study's subjects compared to the subjects of the Fukuoka body composition study. FMI was correlated with other obesity indices and several metabolic risk factors. Metabolic risk was higher in children with increased FMI than in children with normal FMI. Conclusion : FMI and FFMI were useful indicators in comparing difference of body composition among children that had different body size and growth. High FMI was related to increase of metabolic risk in children.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.139-146
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• 2011

This study investigated physical and physiological changes of normal young adults, who are cadets of the Air Force Academy, have kept long-term physical activities and healthy behavior. The physical and physiological indices were the blood and body composition. Data were collected at the first year period, and then 4th year period from same group of cadets. The amounts of blood components were not changed, but variation among cadets was significantly reduced in the 4th grade period. The red blood cells(RBCs) were significantly reduced and the concentration of hemoglobin(HGB) were significantly increased. The body weight was significantly decreased in the 1st grade period since the body fat was rapidly decreased after the basic military drill, and then it was recovered with building up of the skeletal muscle in the 4th grade period. Asymmetry of the arms was decreased with the increased physical activities and usage of various equipments. The muscular endurance were significantly enhanced in the 4th grade period. The long-term physical activities and healthy behaviors may keep the physical strength through enhanced blood stream and oxygen supply by reduction of the RBCs and increased HGB concentration, and fat and muscle control.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.22-28
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• 2019

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of diet plus exercise training and detraining for 12 weeks on body composition, aerobic performance, and stress-related variables in obese women. [Methods] Twenty-five women in their 20s-40s with 30% body fat and body mass indices above 25 kg/m² were divided into HR_LT (heart rate at lactate threshold) and HR_LT + 5% groups. Dietary intervention of 70% recommended dietary allowance (RDA) and exercise treatment composed of aerobic exercises on a bicycle (30 min) and treadmill (30 min) were then performed. These interventions were performed three times a week for 12 weeks. [Results] Dietary intake was significantly decreased, while daily activity significantly increased within the 12-week intervention period, and this effect was sustained after 12 weeks of detraining. Exercise training based on dietary intake and daily activity presented a significantly decreased weight and % body fat, improvement of aerobic performance, and a significant increase in heart rate variability (HRV) (e.g., average of all RR intervals and the square root mean squared differences of successive RR intervals) as stress-related variables. It was also confirmed that the improvement of body composition and stress-related variables were maintained even after detraining. [Conclusion] Our results suggest that 70% RDA of dietary intervention and exercise training corresponding to HR_LT and HR_LT + 5% for 12 weeks were effective in improving body composition and aerobic performance, and relieving stress. In particular, enhanced HRV persisted for up to 12 weeks after the end of exercise training in obese women.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.46-57
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• 2019

Objectives The purpose of this study is to evaluate the growth of low income and multicultural families' children in Dae-jeon area via growth indices, obesity indices and metabolic risk factors. Methods Six to 13-year-old children were enrolled in this study. Children were examined their body composition and bone age and their blood samples were collected. Results Current growth of children in low income and multicultural families was under the average compared to that of average children in the same age. Also, boys were more prone to be overweight than girls and their skeletal maturity was more rapidly progressing. Conclusions Intensive management and more training in regards to exercise and eating habits will be needed to low income and multicultural families' children.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.146-153
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• 2016

A feeding experiment was conducted to determine the nutritional value of various dietary protein sources without a vitamin premix supplementation in juvenile black rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli. Diets containing similar quantities of lipid and carbohydrate with 50% crude protein from fish meal (FM)/soybean meal (SBM)/corn gluten meal (CGM), FM only, casein/gelatin, high FM/low casein and low FM/high casein were fed to rockfish along with a commercial rockfish diet. The diet containing only 65.6% FM and the commercial rockfish diet produced significantly greater weight gain (WG) and feed efficiency (FE) than all other semipurified diets (SPDs); the economical diet with 52.8% FM, 10% SBM and 5% CGM produced lower WG than the diet containing FM and commercial rockfish diet, but FE and survival were similar both diets. Intermediate responses were observed for rockfish fed the SPD containing 32.8% FM and 27.4% casein, while SPDs containing 10% FM and 41.8% casein and 38.5% casein and 10% gelatin yielded the lowest WG and FE. Some differences in tissue indices and body composition of rockfish were induced by the diets containing various protein sources and levels without the vitamin premix supplementation.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.188-198
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• 2021

Purpose: This study targeted female university students in their 20s and created an antioxidant improvement program with a health contract, one of the behavioral modification therapies, based on King's (1981) 'goal attainment theory.' The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of physiological indicators, eating habits, dietary attitudes, and health behaviors by conducting a walking exercise and anti-oxidation diet program with reinforcement therapy. Methods: This study had a nonequivalent control group pretestposttest design. There were a total of 50 participants, with 25 participants in the experimental group and 25 participants in the control group and the study period was 10 weeks. The antioxidant improvement program consisted of walking and antioxidant diet education with health contracts. Data analysis was statistically processed using the SPSS/WIN 24.0 program. Results: The program showed a high achievement rate by providing continuous motivation and positive reinforcement during the program, and it affected the eating habits, dietary attitudes, and health behavior. Besides, physiological variables, such as antioxidant indices and body composition showed positive changes. Conclusion: This study, based on the goal attainment theory, confirmed that antioxidant improvement program is an effective nursing intervention for continuous health promotion through interaction and exchange between healthy participants and researchers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.8
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• pp.759-769
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• 2009

This study investigated the effects of the nutrition education and exercise program on body composition, dietary intakes and physical fitness in obese women. The subjects were 44 obese women (BMI${\geq}$ 25 kg/$m^2$) who had been participating in nutrition education (1 time/week) and exercise program (3 time/week) for 12 weeks. Nutrition education was focused on low energy, high protein and low carbohydrate diet to reduce the body weight and improve the diet quality. To evaluate the effectiveness of the program, daily nutrient intakes were assessed by 24-hour recall method. Body composition, blood lipid profiles and physical fitness test were assessed before and after the intervention. After the intervention, body weight, BMI, percent body fat, soft lean mass and waist/hip ratio were significantly decreased (p < 0.001). Fasting blood sucrose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index (AI) were significantly decreased (p < 0.001), while HDLcholesterol was significantly increased (p < 0.001). Energy adjusted protein, fiber, vitamin A, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin $B_6$, vitamin C, vitamin E, niacin and folate were significantly increased. After the intervention, the muscle endurance, muscle strength, agility, balance were significantly increased. The changes in obesity indices (body weight, BMI, percent body fat, waist-hip ratio) were correlated with the changes of the nutrient intakes, serum lipid profiles, physical fitness. These results show that nutrition education and exercise program was effective not only for weight reduction but also for the improvement of physical strength and cardiovascular disease risk factors in obese women.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.342-353
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• 2017

Purpose: This study evaluated the changes in nutritional status based on quality of life (QoL) item-level analysis to determine whether individual QoL responses might facilitate personal clinical impact. Materials and Methods: This study retrospectively evaluated QoL data obtained by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (QLQ-C30) and Quality of Life Questionnaire-Stomach (QLQ-STO22) as well as metabolic-nutritional data obtained by bioelectrical impedance analysis and blood tests. Patients were assessed preoperatively and at the 5-year follow-up. QoL was analyzed at the level of the constituent items. The patients were categorized into vulnerable and non-vulnerable QoL groups for each scale based on their responses to the QoL items and changes in the metabolic-nutritional indices were compared. Results: Multiple shortcomings in the metabolic-nutritional indices were observed in the vulnerable groups for nausea/vomiting (waist-hip ratio, degree of obesity), dyspnea (hemoglobin, iron), constipation (body fat mass, percent body fat), dysphagia (body fat mass, percent body fat), reflux (body weight, hemoglobin), dry mouth (percent body fat, waist-hip ratio), and taste (body weight, total body water, soft lean mass, body fat mass). The shortcomings in a single index were observed in the vulnerable groups for emotional functioning and pain (EORTC QLQ-C30) and for eating restrictions (EORTC QLQ-STO22). Conclusions: Long-term postoperative QoL deterioration in emotional functioning, nausea/vomiting, pain, dyspnea, constipation, dysphagia, reflux, eating restrictions, dry mouth, and taste were associated with nutritional shortcomings. QoL item-level analysis, instead of scale-level analysis, may help to facilitate personalized treatment for individual QoL respondents.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.225-234
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• 2002

This study was designed to determine changes of nutritional status, diabetic indices and serum lipid composition in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients during intake of diabetic-oriented convenience food prepared from 7 medicinal plants and chicken. We conducted dietary, anthropometric and biochemical assessments before and after the intake of diabetic oriented food. Once a day, in the study, their normal lunch was replaced by the diabetic-oriented convenience food diet for 30 consecutive days. It was found that the nutrients of the diet were well-balanced, and the intake levels nearly approached those of the RDA. Obesity rate, body fat, and body weight were significantly lower than those of a normal diet. The average fasting blood glucose significantly decreased while the insulin level significantly increased after the intake of diabetic meal. Also the total serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels significantly decreased. The above results indicate that diabetic-oriented convenience food prepared from 7 medicinal plants and chicken may be used as a diet regime fer controlling the diabetes mellitus on a regular basis.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.488-497
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: There are various factors that affect metabolic abnormalities related to obesity. The purpose of this study is to analyze the differences in dietary intakes and body compositions of obese women according to metabolic risks and to classify them as metabolically healthy obese (MHO) or metabolically abnormal obese (MAO). SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study was conducted on 59 obese Korean women aged 19 to 60 years. NCEP-ATPIII criteria were applied and the women classified as MHO (n = 45) or MAO (n = 14). Body composition of each subject was measured by using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Three-day food records were used to analyze dietary intake. Eating habits and health-related behaviors were determined through questionnaires. Indirect calorimetry was used to measure resting metabolic rate and respiratory rate. RESULTS: The average age of the subjects was 43.7 years. The analysis of body composition according to phenotype revealed significantly higher body fat mass (P < 0.05), arm fat mass (P < 0.05), and android fat mass (P < 0.05), as measured by DEXA, in the MAO group than in the MHO group. There was no significant difference in the dietary intake of the two groups. However, eating behaviors differed. Compared to the MHO group, the MAO women had a shorter meal time (less than 10 minutes), a preference of oily foods, and a tendency to eat until full. Therefore, the eating habits of MHO women were more positive than those of MAO women. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that fat distribution in each body region affects various metabolic abnormalities. A high level of arm fat mass in obese Korean women may increase metabolic risk. In addition, eating habits of obese Korean women are considered to be environmental factors affecting the metabolic phenotype of obese Korean women.