• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.215-222
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• 2015

The objective of this research was to evaluate the growth performance, the apparent ileal digestibility of nitrogen and energy, the retention of nutrients and the apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn) in broiler chickens supplemented with increasing doses of a worm leachate (WL) as a source of humic substances (HS) in the drinking water. In Exp. 1, 140 male broilers were penned individually and assigned to four WL levels (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) mixed in the drinking water from 21 to 49 days of age. Water was offered in plastic bottles tied to the cage. In Exp. 2, 600 male broilers from 21 to 49 days of age housed in floor pens were assigned to three levels of WL (0%, 10%, and 20%) mixed in the drinking water. The WL was mixed with tap water in plastic containers connected by plastic tubing to bell drinkers. The results of both experiments were subjected to analysis of variance and polynomial contrasts. In Exp. 1, the daily water consumption was similar among treatments but the consumption of humic, fulvic, and total humic acids increased linearly (p<0.01) as the WL increased in the drinking water. The feed conversion (p<0.01) and the ileal digestibility of energy, the excretion of dry matter and energy, the retention of dry matter, ash and nitrogen and the AMEn showed quadratic responses (p<0.05) relative to the WL levels in drinking water. In Exp. 2, the increasing level of WL in the drinking water had quadratic effects on the final body weight, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio (p<0.05). The addition of WL as a source of HS in the drinking water had beneficial effects on the growth performance, ileal digestibility of energy, the retention of nutrients as well on the AMEn in broiler chickens; the best results were observed when the WL was mixed at levels of 20% to 30% in the drinking water.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the nutrition quotient (NQ) by gender and understand which factors influence NQ in preschool children. Methods: Subjects were 245 children (110 boys, 135 girls) aged 4-6 years and their parents. The questionnaire composed of demographic characteristics, eating behavior factors and the NQ questions. The NQ consisted of 19 food behavior checklist items and all items were grouped into 5 factors: balance, diversity, moderation, regularity, and practice. Inbody J05, a measurement device that measures individual's body composition was used to measure children's anthropometric data. All data were statistically analyzed by SPSS program (Ver. 20) and the statistical differences in variables were evaluated by Student t-test, ${\chi}^2-test$, One-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. Results: The total NQ score of the subjects was 65.3. The NQ score of girls (67.0) was significantly higher than that of the boys (63.2) (p<0.01). The girls' average scores of NQ factors including diversity (p<0.01) and practice (p<0.05) were higher than those of the boys. The analysis of related-factors influencing NQ scores showed that there was a significant difference among the groups according to feeding methods during infancy (p<0.05), breast feeding group being the highest. Furthermore, the NQ score showed a significant difference depending on how to correct children's unbalanced diet as well as parents' nutrition knowledge. The NQ score of obesity group tended to be lower than that of underweight group although there was no significant difference. Conclusions: Overall results indicated that the girls had better quality of diet and eating habits than the boys. Children and their parents need proper nutrition education and counseling to correct children's eating habits and to improve diet quality in kindergartens and in children care centers.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.869-879
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• 2016

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary formulated feed additive on growth performance and carcass traits of Hanwoo steers. A formulated feed additive reported to reduce heat load in the rumen in our previous research was used (Cho et al., 2014). Total 32 herds of Hanwoo steers were assigned into two groups of control and treatment. Total mixed ration was provided as basal diet for cattle and 100 g of additive was supplemented on diet for treatment. Feeding trial was performed during 120 days before slaughter. For growth performance, 3 periods (0~90 days; 90~120 days; 0~120 days) were allotted and average daily gain, feed requirement and final body weight were determined. Loin meat between $12^{th}$ and $13^{th}$ rib was used for meat quality analysis after slaughtering. Only $1^{st}$ period showed significantly improved growth performance of treatment (P<0.05) and there were no significant difference in other periods. At $3^{rd}$ periods (overall), a trend of increased average daily gain was found at treatment (P=0.075). Carcass performance and quality did not show significant differences between treatment and control (P>0.05). In meat quality, treatment showed significant increment in all measured meat colors (P<0.05) and significantly less sharing force compared to the control (P<0.05). Although no significant difference in growth performance and carcass yield were found, remarkably improved economic status was detected in treatment group. In conclusion, it could be suggested that application of a formulated feed additive specialized in reduction of heat load in the rumen was able to increase economical balance through enhancing heat stress condition of ruminant and growth.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.28-30
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• 2004

Effect of dietary brown seaweed (Undaria pinnatifida) levels on the performance, nutrients utilization, and blood anti-oxidant system was studied in broiler chicks activated innate immune response. Brown seaweed 2.0 % diet improved performance of broiler chicks and resulted in enhanced feed efficiency due to the increased NB and decreased UAN excretion significantly (P<0.05). Dietary brown seaweed reduced SOD activity in erythrocyte cytosol and enhanced peroxidase activity in plasma significantly(P<0.05). Activation of innate immune response increased SOD activity and peroxide levels in blood. The results indicated that dietary brown seaweed affected SOD and peroxidase activity and the increased performance in birds fed brown seaweed 2.0 % diet related with decreased decomposition of body protein and the change of anti-oxidant systems in blood of broiler chicks during activation of innate immune response.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.28-35
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• 1976

To know changes of the food preferences and the practice of pica during pregnancy, ninety two women in the latter half of pregnancy were interviewed in April, 1976 at ten medical centers in Seoul. They were average 27.1 years old, and mostly middle class. 83.7% of the total subjects felt the changes of food preferences due to pregnancy within the first trimester. 60.9% had vomiting as well as losing their appetite and 17.3% vomited three or more times daily which might induce difficulties of water and electrolytes balance in body. The preferences about foods, the taste of foods, and various dishes cooked during morning sickness were changed significantly and showed in lower scores of likes and higher scores of dislikes than those before pregnancy. Particularly, cooked rice and kimchi indicated the increase of more than 50% in dislikes. The preferences after the morning sickness were turned back to those before pregnancy. Desire for water through foods like soft drinks, juice, ice cream, and gamju and salty foods seemed to be spontaneous during pregnancy. A majority of the subjects had three meals and no snack had included more snacks instead of meals during losing appetite and thereafter, had more frequent meals and snacks. Superstitions about chicken, squid, and cuttlefish for pregnant women were prevalent. 11.9% tabooed chicken because of harm for fetus. On the contrary, intended higher inclusions of milk, meat and dried small sardines would be helpful to satisfy the increased recommended allowances of calcium and protein for them. The practice of pica was found in 5.4% and rice was the only real item mentioned. Pica such as amylophagia or geophagia often reported in the U.S. was not answered in this study.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 1997

Dietary peptides have recently received attention regarding their beneficial effects on nutrient metabolism since the caseinphosphoptides obtained from casein hydrolysate are generally believed to enhance the intestinal absorption of Ca. The two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of various hydrolyzed fractions of gluten on Ca bioavailability. The gluten hydrolysate of dietary components was produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of gluten whereas gluten hydrolysate supernationt and its precipiate resulted from centrifugation. In experiment I, the rats were for 4 weeks fed the 4 kinds of diets containing same amount of nitrogen and calories and diffeing only in the forms of nitrogen sources. The diets were gluten (G), gluten hydrolysat(GH), gluten hydrolysate supernatant(GHS) and gluten hydrolysate precipitatie(GHP). Determination was made for the body weight gain, serum Ca concentration, Ca solubility in small intestinal contents, bone weight, length and stength, bone ash and Ca content, and Ca balance, respectively. No significant difference was noticed as regards growth, serum Ca, and bone dimension and Ca content among rat groups. More significant increase was observed with regard to Ca absorption and intestinal solubility in the rats receiving the GH or GHS diet which containe crude gluten peptides, than in those subjected to G or GHP diet. In experiment II, in vitro determination for Ca solubility was made to ascertain the mechanism responsible for the effects of gluten peptides on Ca absorption. The 10mM Ca in potassium phosphate buffer solution(pH 7.0) incubated for 3 hours at 37$^{\circ}C$ by the GHS fraction, was observed to be capable of increasing the Ca solubility at 5-25mg/ml concentration of gluten peptides. These observations suggest that the gluten peptides from gluten hydrolysate may enhance the Ca absorption efficiency by increasing the solubility of Ca in small intestine.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.35-42
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• 2009

Background: The purpose of this study is to measure the amount of influence of taping and a whole body balance upon muscle strength, endurance, and flexibility. Experiments were conducted by two different groups, specially designed for this study. The choice of exercise methods for each group depends on its own idiosyncratic characteristics (or Each group employs its own idiosyncratic exercise method). Methods: The first group, with taping applied, undertook exercises three times a week; second group just took exercises three times a week. These experiments show the following outcomes. Results: The first group showed a considerable amount of difference in terms of muscle strength, endurance, and flexibility. Second group also showed similar outcome. Both the first group and the second group revealed a considerable difference. But the first group showed a bigger difference than the second group. Conclusion: Thus, the result of these experiments strongly indicates that exercise, with taping applied, turns out the most effective in promoting muscle strength, endurance, and flexibility.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.317-325
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• 2017

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most prevalent liver disease in parallel with worldwide epidemic of obesity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributes to the development and progression of NAFLD. Peroxisomes play an important role in fatty acid oxidation and ROS homeostasis, and catalase is an antioxidant exclusively expressed in peroxisome. The present study examined the role of endogenous catalase in early stage of NAFLD. 8-week-old male catalase knock-out (CKO) and age-matched C57BL/6J wild type (WT) mice were fed either a normal diet (ND: 18% of total calories from fat) or a high fat diet (HFD: 60% of total calories from fat) for 2 weeks. CKO mice gained body weight faster than WT mice at early period of HFD feeding. Plasma triglyceride and ALT, fasting plasma insulin, as well as liver lipid accumulation, inflammation (F4/80 staining), and oxidative stress (8-oxo-dG staining and nitrotyrosine level) were significantly increased in CKO but not in WT mice at 2 weeks of HFD feeding. While phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473) and $PGC1{\alpha}$ mRNA expression were decreased in both CKO and WT mice at HFD feeding, $GSK3{\beta}$ phosphorylation and Cox4-il mRNA expression in the liver were decreased only in CKO-HF mice. Taken together, the present data demonstrated that endogenous catalase exerted beneficial effects in protecting liver injury including lipid accumulation and inflammation through maintaining liver redox balance from the early stage of HFD-induced metabolic stress.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.759-768
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• 2003

This study examined the factors related to stages of dietary behavioral changes among 1449 child bearing aged women (mean age $\pm$ SD = 25.6 $\pm$ 5.3 years) residing in large cities. A self administered questionnaire was used to assess stages of dietary behavioral change, meal balance and regularity, food availability, nutrition knowledge, body mass index, nutrient intake, and psycho-social factors including self efficacy, perceived benefits and barriers, social modeling. Undesirable dietary behaviors (precontemplation and contemplation) were shown among 45.1-57.4% of the participants, among those, 33.4-43.0% were precontemplators. Participants' self efficacy scores associated with dietary changes were higher in specific situations (3.42) as compared to general situations (2.86). Similarly, they appeared to perceive more benefits (3.86) rather than barriers (2.76) by changing their inappropriate eating habits. Perception and accuracy scores of nutrition knowledge were relatively high, indicating 90.9 and 80.1, respectively. In terms of food availability at home, fresh fruits received the highest score, followed by milk and milk products, vegetables, meat, alcoholic beverages and soft drinks. In social modeling assessment, family members, as compared to friends, appeared to have better dietary habits. Stages of dietary behavioral change assessed in terms of meal regularity were associated with nutrient intake, showing higher energy and carbohydrate intakes but lower fat intake among those who belonged to the action and maintenance stage. They also presented higher self efficacy and perceived more benefits and less barriers regarding the change of undesirable eating habits. Fresh meat and vegetables were more available among those maintaining desirable dietary habits. Results of this study presented the significant relations of motivational and reinforcing social factors with stages of dietary behavioral changes and a need for the development of tailored nutrition education program considering these factors for child-bearing aged Korean women.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.907-915
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to effectively treat low back pain for the out patients who have been treated at the oriental hospital. Sorting the low back pain patients into four types based on scapular and ilium tilting hyper/hypo mobility characteristics, it has used several kinds of acupuncture stimuli on the 4 motor points of limb skeletal muscles, analyzing the acupuncture treatment on the 12 acupuncture points with which oriental hospitals has given to the low back pain patients and comparing with this effect. It has been analyzed how effectively the acupuncture stimuli has been contributed to the low back pain patients who suffered from skeletal muscles of spinal limb thorax abdominal and spinal skeletal system. The results are as follows. 1. There has been changes after treatment in both the control and experimental groups for low back pain patients, but the latter has been more increased in changes than the former. 2. There were much effects on the balanced restorations for spinal skeletal muscle in both the control group and experimental one, but on terms of restoration degree, the degree of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. 3. Both the contrastive treatment and the experimental one have been contributed to the balanced restoration for all of the limb thorax abdominal muscles, but there were a few differences in terms of the way for restoration and the effects for improvement according to body types. 4. On both the control and the experimental group, spinal skeletal system has been restored with balance, but the experimental group has been higher effective on the balanced restoration than the one of the control group. Considering these results both the control and the experimental treatments have been contributed to the balanced restorations for all of low back pain patients who were suffering from skeletal muscles of spinal limb thorax abdominal and spinal skeletal system, but the contribution degree for the experimental group has been higher than that of the control group.