• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of vacuum packaging on lipid oxidation and meat color of chilled pork. During storage meats wert evaluated for TBA values, pH, blooming time and CIE L$\^$*/a$\^$*/b$\^$*/ values. The TBA values of wrapped meats increased rapidly after 7days and Those of vacuum packaged meats maintained at low level up to 30 days of storage. The pH of wrapped meats increased rapidly after 7days, while those of vacuum packaged meats increased slowly up to 30 days of storage. The bloom time of vacuum packaged meals was 30 min after opening. The CIF L$\^$*/ values of wrapped meats decreased rapidly on the 7th day, while those of vacuum packaged meats directly after opening decreased slightly up to 7days of storage and thereafter increased gradually. The CIE a$\^$*/ values of wrapped meats increased gradually up to 7days and thereafter decreased rapidly, while those of vacuum packaged meats directly after opening were lower than those of wrapped meats. The CIE a$\^$*/ values of vacuum packaged meats after 30 min in the air were higher than those of vacuum packaged meals directly after opening. The CIE b$\^$*/ values of wrapped meats increased rapidly on 4th day and thereafter decreased rapidly, while those of vacuum packaged meats directly after opening were lower than those of wrapped meats. The CIE b$\^$*/ values of vacuum packaged meats after 30 min in the air were higher than those of vacuum packaged meats directly after opening.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.715-718
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• 2010

$Cymbidium$ 'Purple Princess' ('Show Girl' x 'Eiko') is a new cultivar having dark purple sepal and petal (RHS, RP59A) with purple lip (RHS, RP59A). A cross was made between pink colored $C.$'Show Girl' as maternal line and dark purple colored $C.$ 'Eiko' as paternal line in 1994. It was preliminarily selected as Line No. 94019267 in 1999 considering the characters of flower shape and color, leaf growing shape and growth habit in normal culture condition. Multiplication, cultivation, and characteristic trials were conducted from 2000 to 2003. The line was named as Wongyo F1-7 and phenotype was characterized in 2004 as a new 'Purple Princess'. 'Purple Princess' has about 13.2 flowers per flower stalk and flower size of 5.2 cm. General appearance of petals and sepals is slightly incurved shape. The plant size is intermediate having erect peduncle. Blooming starts from early December under optimal culture condition. Leaf attitude and twisting is erect and very weak respectively. Erect leaf will be suitable for growing and handling in the nursery as pot orchid flowers.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 1979

The fertilizations of cv Palkweng, Noupoung, and TN 1 which were crossed artificially at 2$0^{\circ}C$ and 3$0^{\circ}C$ were examined. The meiosis and the rate of maturity of the above 3 cultivars, Iri #326, Milyang #29, Suwon #264, and 3 others which were transplated at different times in paddy field were examined, and the results of which were as follows. 1. Palkweng at 3$0^{\circ}C$ was fertilized within 1.5~4.0 hours ,after pollination and at 20\circ C was done within 2.8~4.5 hours after pollination. 2. Noupoung and TNI at 3$0^{\circ}C$ were fertilized within 2.0~5.5 hours after pollination and at 2$0^{\circ}C$ were done within 3.0~6.0 hours after pollination. 3. The rates of fertilization of the cultivated rice plants at 2$0^{\circ}C$ were dropped in general. TN 1 at 2$0^{\circ}C$ was often fertilized abnormally. 4. In the development of embryo, Palkweng was the earliest at 3$0^{\circ}C$ and TN 1 was the earliest at 2$0^{\circ}C$. 5. Although the time of transplant was late, the pollens of Palkweng was normal because the meiosis of that was normal. but the pollens of TNI was sterile in general because of the abnormal meiosis.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.326-332
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• 2013

Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) are volatile organic compounds responsible for the majority of unpleasant taste and odor events in drinking water. Geosmin and 2-MIB are byproducts of blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) with musty and earthy odors. These compounds have odor threshold concentration at ng/L levels. It is needed to develop a sensitive method for determination of geosmin and 2-MIB to control the quality of drinking water. In this study, geosmin and 2-MIB in water samples were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SMPE). The detection limits of this method were 1.072 ng/L and 1.021 ng/L for geosmin and 2-MIB, respectively. Good accuracy and precision was also obtained by this method. Concentrations of the two compounds were measured in raw waters from Nakdong River in the cyanobacterial blooming season. Water bloom formed by cyanobacteria has been occurred currently in Nakdong River. It is needed to investigate the concentrations of geosmin and 2-MIB to control the quality of drinking water from Nakdong River. Both geosmin and 2-MIB were detected in raw waters from Nakdong River at concentrations ranging from 4 to 24 ng/L and 6 to 16 ng/L, respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to determine the evolution of carbon and nitrogen concentrations in relation to dry matter and crude protein accumulation in the leaves of forage rape(Brassica napus Subsp. oleifera, CV. Swiss) during the growth period. Field-grown plants were sampled at intervals throughout fall, winter, early and late spring. During over-wintering period(from Nov. 7 1991 to Feb. 4 1992), the carbon concentration in the leaves increased from 382 mg to 435 mg g DM$^{-1}$ , while the concentrations of nitrogen and crude protein significantly decreased. There was little accumulation of fresh and dry matter in the leaves. On early spring growth from 4 Feb. to 30 Mar. marked carbon loss 37 mg. day$^{-1}$ and slight nitrogen accumulation occurred with the increase of fresh weight in the leaves. From spring growth to bolting stage(from 31 Mar. to 16 Apr.) the greatest accumulation of fresh and dry matter was observed and carbon and crude protein concentrations increased with a linear manner. After bolting stage the concentrations of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and crude protein in the leaves significantly decreased until late blooming stage, and the decreasing rate was prominent in nitrogen (45.7%) and crude protein(46%). From the results above it is recommended that fertilizer will be applied before early spring growth, and that optimal utilization period is a bolting stage. For the serious modification of the internal C/N balance during the overwintering period.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.331-338
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• 2000

The algicidal effects of marine bacteria were investigated and a strain, which had the strongest algicidal activity against the harmful dinoflagellate, Cochiodinim polykrikoides was selected. The bacterium was isolated in seawater during the period of blooming of C. polykrikoides in Masan Bay. This algicidal bacterium was identified as Micrococcus sp. LG-5 by means of morphological and biochemical tests. The optimal culture conditions of Micrococcus sp, LG-5 were $25^{\circ}C,\;pH 7.0\;and\;3.0{\%}$ NaCl concentration. The algicidal activity of Micrococcus sp. LG-5 was significantly increased to maximum value in the late of logarithmic phase of cell cuture. In addition, the culture filtrate ($pore size,\;0.1{\mu}m$) of Microcoocus sp. LG-5 showed strong algicidal effects. The cell numbers of C. polykikoides were decreased from $1.2{\times}10^4 cells/ml\;to\;less\;than\;2{\times}10^3\;cells/ml$ within 3, 6, 30 hours at the concentrations of culture filtrate $10{\%},\;5{\%}\;and\;1{\%}$, respectively. These results indicated that the algicidal effect was mediated by certain substances released from Microooccus sp. LG-5.

• Mycobiology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.317-320
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• 2011

Honey production from approximately 1.6 million colonies owned by about 199,000 Korean beekeepers was almost 23,000 metric tons in 2009. Nosema causes significant losses in honey production and the virus decreases population size. We initiated a survey of honey bee colonies on the blooming period of Acacia to determine the prevalence of Nosema and virus in 2011. Most Korean beekeepers have moved from the south to north of Korea to get Acacia nectar for 2 mon. This provided a valuable opportunity to sample bees originating from diverse areas in one location. Twenty hives owned by 18 beekeepers were sampled in this year. Nosema spore counts ranged from zero to 1,710,000 spores per bee. The average number of nosema spores per bee was 580,000. Approximately 95% of the colonies were infected with Nosema, based on the presence of spores in the flowering period of Acacia. This indicates that Nosema is the predominant species affecting honeybee colonies. Also, the seven most important honeybee viruses were investigated by reverse transcription-PCR. Among them, four different viruses were detected in samples. Black queen cell virus was present in all samples. Chronic bee paralysis virus was detected in 10% of samples. Deformed wing virus was present in only 5% of the samples. Prevalence of Sacbrood virus was 15%. However, Cloudy wing virus, Israel acute paralysis virus and kashmir bee virus were not detected in any of samples.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.179-188
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• 2012

A kiwifruit cultivar 'Hayward' has been grown in Jeju Island where the current climate is suitable for growth and development of this crop. Prediction of the geographical shift in the phenology can help the kiwifruits growers to adapt to the local climate change in the future. Two phenology models (i.e., chill-day and DVS) were parameterized to estimate flowering date of kiwifruits 'Hayward' based on the data collected from field plots and chamber experiments in the southern coastal and island locations in South Korea. Spatio-temporally independent datasets were used to evaluate performance of the two models in predicting flowering date of 'Hayward'. Chill-day model showed better performance than DVS model (2.5 vs. 4.0 days in RMSE). Daily temperature data interpolated at a higher spatial resolution over Jeju Island were used to predict flowering dates of 'Hayward' in 2021-2100 under the A1B scenario. According to the model calculation under the future climate condition, the flowering of kiwifruits shall accelerate and the area with poor flowering might increase due to the warmer winter induced insufficient chilling. Optimal land area for growing 'Hayward' could increase for a while in the near future (2021-2030), whereas such areas could decrease to one half of the current areas by 2100. The geographic locations suitable for 'Hayward' cultivation would migrate from the current coastal area to the elevated mountain area by 250 m.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.634-641
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• 2014

In order to elucidate the ecological and phenological responses of bean under global warming situation, we investigated leafing and flowering phenomena and growth traits of Baktae and Seomoktae in control plot (ambient $CO_2$ concentration and temperature) and warmed plot (elevated $CO_2$ concentration and increased temperature than control) in green house. Average $CO_2$ concentration and temperature were set 540 ppm in treatment and higher $2.2^{\circ}C$ in treatment than control. The appearance of leaf unfolding and the initiation of blooming and fruit maturing in Seomoktae were late in treatment than control. In case of Baktae, the number of total pods and seeds per plant in treatment was fewer than that in control. For Seomoktae, the number of total pods per plant and weight of total seeds per plant were decreased in treatment than in control. Thus, the number of pods and seeds of Baktae declined and the production of Seomoktae was decreased under global warming condition. This result indicates that site selection and crop yield for cultivating of the bean may be changed into new area due to global warming condition.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.184-192
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• 2016

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of temperature ($15{\sim}40^{\circ}C$) and the spraying plant growth regulators ($GA_{4+7}+BA$ and prohexadione-calcium) during full blooming on pollen germination and pollen tube growth of the commercial apple cultivars ('Fuji' and 'Tsugaru') and apple cultivars bred in Korea ('Chukwang', 'Gamhong', 'Hongan', 'Honggeum', 'Hongro', 'Hwahong', 'Hongso', 'Summer dream' and 'Sunhong'). Pollen germination and pollen tube growth were increased with increasing temperature from 15 to $25^{\circ}C$, but high temperature over $30^{\circ}C$ inhibit those. The apple cultivar bred in Korea that shows the highest value on pollen germination and pollen tube growth at over $30^{\circ}C$ was 'Sunhong'. The spraying $GA_{4+7}+BA$ increased pollen germination and pollen tube growth than control, but that effect was not show at $40^{\circ}C$. The spraying prohexadione-calcium was not affect to pollen germination and pollen tube growth. In conclusion, if the air temperature during full bloom of apple tree rises about $30{\sim}35^{\circ}C$, the spraying $GA_{4+7}+BA$ after artificial pollination will be good to increasing fruit set.