• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.53-65
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• 1971

It is well known that diabetes mellitus is associated with metabolic derangements, such as hyper-glycemia, ketosis, glycosuria, and also widespread alterations in the blood vessels, kidneys, eyes, peripheral nerves and heart. It is also recognized that healing of skin wound is delayed in diabetics. In bone, according to Aegerter, osteopenia develops in diabetes mellitus and it is chiefly ascribed to overutilization of protein. Shim claims that total blood flow to the entire skeletal system is approximately 4 to 8 percent of resting cardiac output and blood supply to the skeletal system would be decreased on account of secondary arteriosclerotic changes in the diabetics. An adequate blood supply is an essential factor in the healing process of fracture, and disturbed blood flow, either local or systemic, will invariably delay union of the fragments or the fragments from being fused. As the author has encountered several cases of diabetics in whom healing of fracture was delayed or incomplete, this experimental study was undertaken to elucidate the effects of hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus on the healing process of fracture. In this experiment adult albino rabbits, weighing about 2 kg. were used and divided into 6 groups. The femur of each animal was fractured surgically, and then the healing process of fracture was periodically checked by radiography at an interval of one week for a period of 6 weeks. Thereafter, all the rabbits were killed to obtain tissue preparation of the femur. The experimental groups were as follows; 1) Control group: Six rabbits sustained a surgical fracture to the femur, without being given any other treatment or drug. 2) Alloxan-treated group: For inducing diabetes, alloxan was given intravenously to 17 rabbits in various dose as follows; to 7 of them 40 mg/kg, to 6 rabbits 80 mg/kg and to 4 rabbits 120 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. 3) Insulin-treated group: Protamine-zinc insulin was injected subcutaneously to each of 6 rabbits in a daily dose of 1 unit per kilogram of body weight. 4) Group treated with insulin after alloxan: Four rabbits were given 80 mg of alloxan once and than 1 unit of insulin per kilogram of body weight daily. Another 5 rabbits were injected 1 unit of insulin per kg of body weight daily following administration of alloxan in a dose of 120 mg/kg. 5) Homotransplantation group: Following intravenous injection of alloxan in a dose of 120 mg/kg, 10 rabbits underwent homotransplantation of a short bone segment to the femur. Five of them were subsequently given 1 unit/kg of insulin daily. 6) Sugar-treated group: six rabbits were fed $15{\sim}20$ gm of sugar daily throughout the period of experiment. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Blood sugar level and damage to the pancreatic islet increased proportionately when alloxan was given to the rabbits in various doses. No appreciable change could be observed in the islets when the blood sugar level was altered by either oral administration of sugar or subcutaneous injection of insulin. 2. Comparing with the control group, healing of fracture was delayed in the alloxan-treated group, while callus formation and periosteal reaction were shown to be more prominent in this group and subsequently, the ultimate osseous tissue formed at the fracture site was significantly smaller in amount and less compact. These findings were more marked as the amount of alloxan increased. 3. Administration of insulin prevented the delay in healing process of fracture in the rabbits with alloxan-induced hyperglycemia. In this case, the course and progression of fracture healing were almost similar to those of control group. 4. Union between the host bone and the fragment transplanted from other rabbit of the same species was more delayed in the group treated with alloxan alone than in the group to which insulin was administered after development of alloxan-induced diabetes. In both groups periosteal new bone developed from the ends of the host bone, above and below the transplanted fragment, and directly fused with failure of periosteal callus to bridge the adjacent ends of the host bone and the transplanted fragment. 5. The healing process of fracture was not inhibited by alteration in blood sugar level when the blood sugar was abnormally increased by excessive sugar intake or lowered by administration of insulin alone. The healing of fracture in these groups progressed similarly as in the control group. In brief summary, it appears that the healing process of fracture would be definitely disturbed in diabetic state brought about by damage to the pancreatic islet. As such an inhibition could be overcome with insulin, it seems that insulin plays an important role in healing of fracture, but alteration in blood sugar level alone does not modify healing process of fracture to significant degree.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.177-182
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• 2003

This study was carried out to understand the effects of Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen on blood sugar in the db/db mice. Refined Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen C. D(BCL.C. D)manufactured by high temperature production process and Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen(H-BCL) manufactured & distributed by HANLIM PHARM.COM., LTD were used. The Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen extracted from bamboo charooal manufacturing process was filtered and refined. The effects of Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen were administered orally to mice for 6weeks and its anti-diabetic effect examined. The effects of BCL.C. D and H-BCL were observed in terms of blood sugar. creatinine. BUN and GPT in db/db mice. The results were as follows : The amount of glucose was slightly decreased (P<0.05) in the B CL.C-treated groups compared with the control. The amount of glucose was significantly decreased (P<0.01) in the BCL.D and H-BCL-treated groups compared with the control. The amount of creatinine did not show any differences among four groups. The amount of blood urea nitrogen did not show any differences in the case of BCL.C-treated groups. but observed significant decrease in the case of BCL.D and H-BCL-treated groups. The amount of GPT did not show any differences in the case of BCL.D-treated groups. but observed significant increase in the case of BCL.C and H-BCL-treated groups.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1253-1259
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen from different production process on blood sugar of the diabetic mice induced with Streptozotocin(STZ). The original Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen filtered and refined. Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen D(H-BCL.D) extracted at high temperature(1000℃), Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen A(L-BCL.A) and Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen B(L-BCL.B) extracted at low temperature (250～450℃) were administerd to mice for 4weeks and its anti-diabetic effect examined. Mice used in this experiment were divided into four groups(Control, H-BCL.D, L-BCL.A and L-BCL.B). Experemental groups were observed in terms of blood sugar, Creatinine, BUN and GPT. The amount of glucose was significantly decreased in the Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen-treated groups compared with the control(P < 0.05). The amount of Creatinine did not show any differences among four groups. The amount of Blood Urea Nitrogen did not show any differences in the L-BCL.A and B-treated groups, but did show slightly decrease(P<0.05) at H-BCL.D-treated group. The amount of GPT did not show any differences among four groups. In conclusion, it was found that Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen from extracted at high or low temperature were effective on murine hyperglycemia mice induced with STZ respectively.

• Archives of Obesity and Metabolism
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.45-53
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• 2023

Despite the emergence of obesity as a significant public health concern, artificial sweeteners have made their way into various food products due to the perception, that they serve as substitutes for sugar. Artificial sweeteners are used to supposedly achieve weight management and health improvement. However, their efficacy and safety remain debatable. Commonly used artificial sweeteners include aspartame, acesulfame potassium, saccharin, and sucralose. This article discusses the effects of artificial sweetener consumption on weight loss, appetite regulation, blood glucose control, and gut microbiota. Research findings, concerning the consumption of artificial sweeteners and their association with body weight, have shown inconsistencies between randomized controlled trials and cohort studies. Studies, comparing artificial sweeteners to sugar, have reported no significant differences in satiety. Although artificial sweeteners have no calories, they can affect blood sugar levels through the cephalic phase insulin response. A recent study suggested that artificial sweeteners influenced the occurrence of diabetes. Due to limitations in the study design, excluding diabetes-influencing factors was not feasible. The evidence showed that artificial sweeteners harbored potential health risks, necessitating further investigation. According to recent studies, the consumption of artificial sweeteners was associated with gut microbiota changes and individual blood sugar responses. It is important to note that artificial sweeteners cannot be considered safe alternatives to sugar, and further research is required.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.313-321
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to verify the relation between vegetarian diet and the risk factors of cardiovascular disease. To do the present study the vegetarians were selected;245 Buddhist nuns(age: 23-79yrs). For control subjects, 235 healthy female adults(age: 23-79yrs) were selected. They were the teachers, the nurses and the housekeepers living in Chinju Gyeongsang Namdoo Province. Study period was from October 1996 to February 1997. The contents are consist of survey, anthropometric measurement, and clinical examination. The average ages of the subjects were 44.20yrs for vegetarians and 40.52yrs for non-vegetarians respectively. Average body mass indice(BMI) of vegetarians and non-vegetarians were 22.47 and 21.08, WHR was 0.85 and 0.84, percentage of body fat was 28.79 and 26.55 and the average duration of vegetarian diet of the vegetarians was 13.16 years. On the nutrient related lipid, fat, the energy ratio of fat, saturated fatty acid, total fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acid and total-cholesterol were significantly lower(p<0.01) but the ratio of p/s was significantly higher(p<0.01) in vegetarians than non-vegetarians. The vegetarians were significantly higher than the non-vegetarians in intake of fiber, vitamin C. In vegetarians, variables that significant negative correlation with fiber were total-cholesterol, AI, blood sugar. In non-vegetarians, variables that significant negative correlation with fiber were TG, total-cholesterol, blood sugar, systolic blood pressure. In both subjects, the serum lipid concentration and the blood pressure were getting lower with fiber intakes. Consequently, vegetable diet can be considerably effective in making the level of the risk factors causing in cardiovascular disease lower. (Korean J Nutrition 34(3) : 313∼321, 2001)

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.19 no.2 s.141
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• pp.163-166
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• 1981

Sugar consumption has been increased in recent days according to an improvement in living conditions. It is generally accepted that sugar is one of the causes of caries and that diabetes mellitus is closely related to the periodontal diseases. This investigation was designed to gain informations on the influence of overdosage of sugar and/or high blood sugar level on the periodontal tissue. 12 rats weighing about 1.5Kg were divided into 4 groups, control one and 3-day, 7-day, 14-day ones after daily administration of 30-50 gm of sucrose. The results were as follows: 1. Daily adminisration of 30-50 gm of sucrose elevated blood glucose level as much as 10-20 mg% than before. 2. Epithelial keratinization was gradually conspicuous to the dosage of sucrose. 3. The severity of inflammatory infiltration was also increased to the dosage of sucrose. 4. Inflammatory infiltration was encountered in marginal gingiva more than other periodontal tissue.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.151-156
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the optimal mixed extract with Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen in order to strengthen anti-diabetic effects on the hyperglycemia induced by streptozotocin in mice. The original Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen filtered and refined. The effects of Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen and Mixed extracts(Bamboo Juice) with Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen were administered to mice for 4weeks and its anti-diabetic effect examined. Mice used in this experiment were divided into three groups and saline(control), Bamboo Juice mixed with refined Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen(BJ＋BCL.D) and distrilled water mixed with refined Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen(DW＋BCL.D) were given orally for 28days respectively. And then, experemental groups were observed in terms of blood sugar, creatinine, BUN and GPT. The amount of glucose was significantly decreased in the Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen and Mixed extracts(Bamboo Juice) with Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen-treated groups compared with the control group(P<0.01). The amount of creatinine, BUN and GPT did not show any differences among Control, BJ＋BCL.D and DW＋BCL.D groups. In conclusion. it was found that Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen and Mixed extracts(Bamboo Juice) with Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen were nontoxic to kidney and liver and also effective on murine hyperglycemia induced with STZ. Mixed extracts(Bamboo Juice) were more effective for decreasing blood glucose than Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen D. BJ＋BCL.D can be used as optimal mix material with Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen D for control Diabetes.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.966-975
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was to develop and to evaluate a health diary program for solitary elderly. Methods: The research design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. There were 30 subjects the experimental group and 54 in the control group among solitary elderly over age 65. The independent variable was the health diary program, and the dependent variables were perceived health status, ADL, IADL, Blood pressure, blood sugar, quality of life, self efficacy and health promoting behaviors. The health diary program was performed for 50minutes, twice a week for 8 weeks. Data was collected from April 3 to June 23, 2006. Results: The experimental group showed a significant difference in perceived health status, blood sugar, ADL, IADL, quality of life, self efficacy, and health promotion behaviors than the control group. There were no significant differences in systolic & diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion: A health diary program showed good effects on improving health status, quality of life, self efficacy, and health promotion behaviors. Therefore, we recommend this program be utilized as a health promoting program for the solitary elderly in the community.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.390-395
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• 2005

Purpose: To investigate the effects of a warm water-filled bag on body temperature, Oxygen demand, respiratory rate and blood sugar in high risk neonates. Method: The infants were assigned to two groups, 16 in the experimental and 20 in the control group. Infants in the experimental group was received $40{\~}42^{\circ}C$ warm water-filled bag therapy for 2 hours under radiant warmers. Infants in the control group were placed under the same kind of radiant warmers but without the warm water-filled bag. The following were measured every 30 minutes: rectal temperature, $O_2$ demand ($FiO_2$), and respiratory rate. Blood sugar was measured hourly. Result: Body temperatures increased significantly in the experimental group (P=0.0138), and there was a difference according to time (P=0.0001). Significant difference were found between the two groups fur $FiO_2$ (P=0.0180). There was no difference in respiratory rates between the two groups and rates according to time for the experimental group were also not significant (P=0.3569). No significant difference between two groups was found for blood sugar (P=0.2152), but there was a significant difference according to the times (P=0.0001). Conclusion: This results of this study indicate that a warm-filled bag is an effective means of resorting body temperature and reducing $O_2$ demand in high risk neonates.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.189-200
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to find the effect of honey on the sugar metabolism In Sprague-Dawley rats. All experimental rats were fed ad libitum, for seven weeks, 68% saccharide diet anti 10% or 20% honey from acacia, sumac and miscellaneous flower honey, respectively, and sucrose. The amount of glucose in whole blood was increased in all groups fed with honey except the group fed with 10% sumac honey solution. The amount of fructosamine in serum of rat taken diet with honey solution was increased in comparison with normal group, control group, sucrose group. The amount of fructosamine in serum of rat taken diet with honey solution was high in order of sumac honey > miscellaneous flower honey > acacia honey. The amount of lactate and pyruvate in whole blood of rat taken diet with sucrose group or honey group were decreased in comparison with the normal group and control group. The amount of $\beta$-hydroxybutyrate in serum of rat taken diet with sucrose or honey was increased in comparison with the normal group, control group.