• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.1232-1235
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• 2004

In order to investigate the effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) on blood metabolites and milk yield of lactating buffaloes, 30 lactating buffaloes after acclimatization for 30 days were divided into 2 groups as control (n=10) and experimental (n=20). Animals were injected 250mg of rbST (Boostin-250) on 0, $14^{th}$ and $28^{th}$ day subcutaneously at ischiorectal fosse, where as control animals were given placebo of 2 ml normal saline. Fortnightly blood samples were collected from 15 days prior to 60 days post injection to estimate different blood metabolites. Daily milk yield was recorded and weekly average yield of each animal was calculated. From this study, it was found that blood metabolites such as glucose, triglycerides, total proteins, albumin, globulin and electrolytes like sodium and potassium were not altered by rbST injection. However, there was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration in experimental group as compared to that of control group. The weekly average milk yield was significantly (p<0.001) higher (25%) in rbST injected group over the control group.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.201-205
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• 1994

Thirty buffalo calves were randomly categorized into three groups on the basis of age, i.e. birth to 6 months; 6 to 12 months and 12-24 months. Blood samples were collected to monitor certain vital metabolites in relation to age and prediction of performance in growing buffalo calves. Amongst the various blood parameters estimated the serum glucose, cholesterol and gamma globulins have shown highly significant correlations with age and live weight-gain of the animal as well. However, the multiple regression analysis clearly indicated the influence of age and live body weight on blood metabolites in buffalo calves.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1458-1463
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• 2016

A 42-d study with 384 Hy-line brown laying hens was conducted to assess the effects of dietary octacosanol supplementation on laying performance, egg quality and blood metabolites of laying hens. Hens were randomly allocated into 4 dietary groups of 8 cages each, which were fed basal diet supplemented with 0 (Control), 9 (OCT9), 18 (OCT18), and 27 (OCT27) mg/kg diet of octacosanol isolated from rice bran, respectively. The experiment was conducted in an environmental controlled house and hens were fed twice daily for ad libitum intake. Laying performance was determined over the 42-d period, and egg quality as well as blood metabolites were estimated on d 21 and d 42. Diets in OCT18 and OCT27 increased (p<0.05) laying rate, egg weight, egg mass, egg albumen height, Haugh unit and eggshell strength on d 42, but decreased (p<0.05) feed conversion rate and levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in the serum as compared to those of Control. Feed intake, yolk color, yolk diameter, eggshell thickness and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were similar (p>0.05) among treatments. Results demonstrate that supplementing 18 to 27 mg/kg diet of rice bran octacosanol can improve laying rate and egg quality and reduce blood lipid of laying hens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1230-1237
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• 2018

Objective: The present study was undertaken to determine an optimal balance between the amount of physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF) to metabolizable glucose (MG) on rumen fermentation, blood metabolites and growth performance of 8 to 10-month-old heifers. Methods: A total of 15 healthy Holstein heifers weighing an average of 256 kg (8 month of age) were randomly assigned to three groups of five. Treatment diets consisted of the following three $peNDF_{8.0}/MG$ levels: 1.46 (Treatment A), 1.74 (Treatment B), and 2.08 (Treatment C). Results: The results showed that the ratio of $peNDF_{8.0}/MG$ affected rumen fermentation, blood metabolites and growth performance of heifers. The average daily gain of heifers tended to decrease as the ratio of $peNDF_{8.0}/MG$ increased (p = 0.07). The concentrations of blood urea nitrogen, triglyceride, and cholesterol increased significantly (p<0.05), while the high-density lipoprotein concentration decreased (p<0.05). After feeding 2 h and 4 h, insulin concentration in Treatment A was greater than Treatment C (p<0.05). Propionate concentration had decreasing trend (p = 0.07); acetate to propionate ratio and non-glucogenic to glucogenic volatile fatty acid (NGR) increased significantly (p<0.05). In addition, the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber decreased significantly (p<0.05). Conclusion: The present investigation indicated that dietary $peNDF_{8.0}/MG$ ratio can affect the growth and development, blood metabolites, rumen fermentation and apparent digestibility of heifers, and the optimal dietary $peNDF_{8.0}/MG$ ratio for 8 to 10-month-old heifers in the present study was 1.46.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.322-328
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• 1999

In this study, it was tested whether the changes of catecholamines and its metabolites are related with the changes of blood pressure(BP) induced by different levels of lead exposure. Adult male SD rats were exposed to lead by giving drinking water containing 50(low doses), 200 and 1,000 ppm(high doses) of lead(as lead acetate) or sodium acetate(for control groups, supplying an identical amount of acetate) for 7 or 16 weeks. The systolic BP was measured in the unanesthetized state by the tail-cuff technique. Levels of catecholamines and its metabolites in urine were measured by HPLC-ECD. Rats receiving 200 and 1,000 ppm developed an elevation of systolic BP at 3 and 7 weeks compared with week 0, but blood pressure levels at 16 weeks returned to normal. For the 50 ppm lead treated group, systolic BP increased significantly at 7 weeks and 16 weeks. The concentrations of norepinephrine and VMA in the urine of lead exposed rats changed similarly to the changes of blood pressure, but blood viscosity levels in all lead treated rats increased continuously during all lead treatment periods. This result suggests that the changes of catecholamines and its metabolites in urine by lead intoxication may influence the changes of blood pressure.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.6-11
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• 2002

3.3'-Dichlorobenzidine(DCB) has be shown carcinogenic in several animals, and the development of non-invasive biomonitoring method in workers exposed with it is a very important subject. DNA adduct is a good biomarker for biomonitoring about carcinogens exposure, and lymphocytes is a good non-invasive samples. So we studied to analyze metabolites in blood lymphocytes of female Sprague-Dawley rats exposed orally with DCB(20, 30, and 40 mg/kg wt.) for 3 weeks. For analysis of them, we isolated DNA adducts from blood lymphocytes by using the enzymes method in /sup 32/P-postlabeling, and measured them by using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring(GC/MS-SIM). 4-aminobiphenyl and phenanthrene-d/sub 10/ were added as internal standard for blank sample. Standard metabolites of DCB were synthesized with using pyridine and acetic acid which were promoter and controller in acetylation of DCB. And they were used for calibration curve. Our results showed two kinds of metabolites in DNA adducts of blood lymphocytes. They were N-acetyl 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine(acDCB) and N,N'-diacetyl 3,3'-dichiorobenzidine(di-acDCB ). They were combined with DNA at the same time as an acetyl of it was removed. So we measured DCB and acDCB for two kinds of metabolites in DNA adducts of blood lymphocytes. Our results showed the levels of DCB were 1.46∼2.26 times more than that of acDCB. And also the levels of metabolites in 20, 30 and 40 mg/kg wt. were gradually increased with going days from 1st to 3rd week. They are 1.66, 1.38 and 0.90 times in total metabolites, 1.76, 1.49 and 1.02 times in DCB, and 1.51, 1.22 and 1.28 times in acDCB. In conclusion, the results of this study showed DCB exposed to rats formed DNA adduct in blood lymphocytes after acetylated to N-acetyl 3.3'-dichloro benzidine(acDCB) and N,N'-diacetyl 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine(di-acDCB), and they could be analyzed by us ing gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring(GC/MS-SIM).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.1469-1474
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• 2005

The objective of this study was to determine the levels of nutritionally related blood metabolites, age and body weight at puberty in gilts fed on corn cob-based diet in Mukota and Landrace${\times}$Mukota crossbred gilts. Ten gilts of each of Mukota and crossbred genotypes were fed two diets for 14 weeks in a 2${\times}$2 (breed${\times}$diet) factorial treatment arrangement. A corn-cob based diet, designed to contain 2,304 kcal ME/kg, and a standard pig grower diet, were used. The corn cob constituted 20 percent of the total ration. Fortnightly, bodyweights and feed conversion ratios (FCR) were recorded. Blood samples were collected to determine blood glucose, urea and creatinine levels. The average daily bodyweight gain (ADG) in the Mukota was lower (p<0.05) than in the crossbred gilts. Crossbred gilts fed on the corn cob-based diet had lower (p<0.05) urea values from eight weeks from the start of the experiment (p<0.05) compared to Mukota gilts fed the same diet. There were no differences in blood glucose and creatinine concentrations between diets and genotypes. The lack of differences in the nutritionally-related blood metabolites suggest that corn cobs could be incorporated at 20 percent inclusion without compromising blood metabolite concentrations and age at puberty of the Mukota and Landrace${\times}$Mukota gilts.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.191-198
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• 1992

The abuse of zipeprol, an antitussive agent, is prevalent among young people. Ten fatal cases of zipeprol concentration in blood after its abuse had caused death are disscussed. GC equipped with TSD was used to quantify the drug in postmortem blood and GC/MS to identify the metabolites in urine after preliminary test. The calibration curve of zipeprol was linear (r = 0.998) and the recoveries of zipeprol 5, 10 and $20\;{\mu}g$ added to 1 ml postmortem blood were $97.2{\pm}3.9$, $92.5{\pm}3.9$ and $86.9{\pm}4.6%$ respectively. The blood zipeprol concentration varied 2.9 to $24.69\;{\mu}g/ml$ in 10 fatal cases. All the deaths were young adults with the age of 16-21. Three metabolites were identified in drug abuser's urine, 2-methoxy-2-phenyl ethylpiperazine, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-3-phenyl propylpiperazine and a demethylated zipeprol.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2000

The effect of cimetidine on the pbarmacokinetic parameters of cyclosporine (intravenous administration) were determined in 6 healthy volunteers (22-48 years old, 48-62 kg) by cross-over design. Cyclosporine and cyclosporine metabolites in whole blood were analysed by fluororescence polarization immunoassay (TDx-FLX). The blood concentrations of cyclosporine After pretreatment with cimetidine (200 mg bid, for 3days) were increased significantly at 8-12 hrs compared to the control (p<0.05). The ratios of blood concentrations of cyclosporine metabolites (M1, M17) to parent drug were decreased significantly at 8-12 hrs (p<0.05). Total body clearance (CL) was also decreased significantly (p<0.05), and area under the curve $(AUC,\%)$ was increased but not significant.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.392-399
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• 2017

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary proteins as fraction-enriched protein, defined by Cornell net carbohydrates and protein system (CNCPS), on in vivo ruminal fermentation pattern and blood metabolites in Holstein steers fed total mixed ration (TMR) containing 17.2% crude protein. Four ruminally cannulated Holstein steers in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design consumed TMR only (control) and TMR with rapeseed meal (AB1), soybean meal (B2), and perilla meal (B3C). Each protein was substituted for 23.0% of crude protein in TMR. Rumen digesta were taken through ruminal cannula at 1 h interval during the feeding cycle in order to analyze ruminal pH, ammonia-N, and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Plasma metabolites in blood taken via the jugular vein after the rumen digesta sampling were analyzed. Feeding perilla meal significantly (p < 0.05) decreased mean ruminal pH compared with control and the other protein feeding groups. Compared with control, feeding protein significantly (p < 0.05) increased ruminal ammonia-N concentration except for AB1. Statistically (p > 0.05) similar total VFA appeared among control and the supplemented groups. However, control, AB1, and B2 showed higher (p < 0.05) acetate concentrations than B3C, and propionate was vice versa. CNCPS fractionated protein significantly (p < 0.05) affected concentrations of albumin and total protein in blood; i.e. plasma albumin was lower for control and B2 groups than AB1 and B3C groups. Despite lack of significances (p > 0.05) in creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, AB1 and B2 groups were numerically higher than the others.