• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.400-410
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of feeding the broilers that are exposed to extreme heat stress by control of inverse lighting times with night restricted feeding of extreme heat diet(EHD1, 2: extreme heat diet) containing different amount of soy oil, molasses, amino acids and vitamin C on short chain fatty acid and blood lipid profile. 300 broiler chickens(Abaica strain) were randomized into four dietary treatment groups according to a randomized block design on the day they were hatched. The four dietary treatment groups were: T1(EHD 1, 10:00~19:00 Dark, 19:00~10:00 Light), T2(EHD 2, 10:00~19:00 Dark, 19:00~10:00 Light), T3(EHD 1, 09:00~18:00 Dark, 18:00~09:00 Light), T4(EHD 2, 09:00~18:00 Dark, 18:00~09:00 Light). The body weight gain of the broilers was highest in T2, and high in order T1, T4, T3(p<0.05). Weights of the lymphoid organ, thymus and bursa of Fabricius were high in T1, T2 as compared to T3, T4 but spleen was lower in T4 than T1, T2, T3(p<0.05). Blood triglyceride, total cholesterol and glucose were higher in T1, T2 than T3, T4(p<0.05). LDL-C was high in orderT4, T3, T2, T1 but HDL-C showed the opposite trend(p<0.05). Blood concentrations of IgG, IgG and IgM were higher in T1, T2 than inT3, T4, but the corticosterone concentration decreased significantly in them. In T1 and T2, Lactobacillus in the feces increased, but total aerobic bacteria, E.coli, coliform bacteria was decreased rather significantly, compared with those in T3 and T4(p<0.05). Concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid and total SCFA in cecum were high in order T2, T1, T3, T4, but butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid were lower in T1, T2 than in T3, T4 (p<0.05).

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.195-199
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• 2018

Zinc is necessary for normal functions in the immune system. The objective of the study is to examine the effect of zinc on the chemotactic activity of porcine peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs). A modified Boyden chamber was used to determine the directional migration distance of PMNs. Various concentrations of zinc showed no chemotactic activity to PMNs. However, culture supernatant from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) treated with zinc remarkably increased the chemotactic activity of PMNs when compared with culture supernatant from PBMCs treated without zinc. Culture supernatant from PBMCs treated without zinc also increased the migration distance of PMNs relative to vehicle control (medium alone). Increasing effect in chemotactic activity of PMNs by culture supernatant from PBMCs treated with zinc was inhibited by treatment of porcine anti-interleukin (IL)-8 polyclonal antibody (pAb). This effect was not affected by heat treatment ($4-85^{\circ}C$). This corresponded with heat stable physical characteristics of IL-8. These results suggest that zinc can upregulate the chemotaxis of PMNs, which is primary mediated by IL-8 chemotactic factor released from PBMCs treated with zinc.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.283-290
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• 2005

Objectives : The aim of this paper was to examine the relationship between the summertime (June to August) heat index, which quantifies the bioclimatic apparent temperature in sultry weather, and the daily disease-related mortality in Seoul for the period from 1991 to 2000. Methods : The daily maximum (or minimum) summertime heat indices, which show synergetic apparent temperatures, were calculated from the six hourly temperatures and real time humidity data for Seoul from 1991 to 2000. The disease-related daily mortality was extracted with respect to types of disease, age and sex, etc. and compared with the time series of the daily heat indices. Results : The summertime mortality in 1994 exceeded the normal by 626 persons. Specifically, blood circulation-related and cancer-related mortalities increased in 1994 by 29.7% (224 persons) and 15.4% (107 persons), respectively, compared with those in 1993. Elderly persons, those above 65 years, were shown to be highly susceptible to strong heat waves, whereas the other age and sex-based groups showed no significant difference in mortality. In particular, a heat wave episode on the 22nd of July 2004 ($>45^{\circ}C$ daily heat index) resulted in double the normal number of mortalities after a lag time of 3 days. Specifically, blood circulation-related mortalities, such as cerebral infraction, were predominant causes. Overall, a critical mortality threshold was reached when the heat index exceeded approximately $37^{\circ}C$, which corresponds to human body temperature. A linear regression model based on the heat indices above $37^{\circ}C$, with a 3 day lag time, accounted for 63% of the abnormally increased mortality (${\geq}+2$ standard deviations). Conclusions : This study revealed that elderly persons, those over 65 years old, are more vulnerable to mortality due to abnormal heat waves in Seoul, Korea. When the daily maximum heat index exceeds approximately $37^{\circ}C$, blood circulation-related mortality significantly increases. A linear regression model, with respect to lag-time, showed that the heat index based on a human model is a more dependable indicator for the prediction of hot weather-related mortality than the ambient air temperature.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.102-115
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to find out the characteristics of dysmenorrhea patients with the Inbody test results by Sasang constitutions. Methods: The data from the 541 participants were collected using a structured measurement of menstrual pain. Based on the survey responses, we had 329 women with dysmenorrhea as the test group and 212 women without dysmenorrhea as the control group. The clinical trials subjects were asked to respond to another questionnaire for identifying their constitutional types and undergo Inbody test. Results: The result of a comparison of the test and control groups showed that the DSOM test showed that the scores of blood deficiency, qi stagnation, blood stasis and phlegm were significantly higher in dysmenorrhea. The result of the taeumin's test groups showed that the DSOM test showed that the scores of heat were significantly higher. For the Sasang constitution, there is a difference on the cause of the outbreak. Taeumin from blood deficiency, blood stasis, dampness, heart, kidney, phlegm and lung is associated with dysmenorrhea. Soeumin from blood deficiency, qi stagnation, blood stasis, liver, heart, spleen and phlegm is associated with dysmenorrhea. The ratio of overweight of taeumin was low in blood deficiency and yin deficiency. The ratio of lowweight of soeumin was high in heat. Conclusions: The DSOM test showed that the scores of blood deficiency, qi stagnation, blood stasis and phlegm were significantly higher in dysmenorrhea.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.40-53
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• 2010

Background : It was not enough to apply three kinds of syndrome differentiation in our oriental medical textbook to tremor's treatment according to reports of Korea and traditional medical textbook of China. Objective : To investigate syndrome differentiations by types of diseases related to tremor through Chinese journals review and to suggest adding possible syndrome differentiations. Methods : Literature search was performed using China Academic Journal (CAJ), the search engine of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from January 1994 to December 2009. Searching key words were Chinese characters in combination meaning tremor, paralysis agitans, and syndrome differentiation. We included all types of articles that explained or referred to definite syndrome differentiations. The symptoms and oriental medications by syndrome differentiation in selected articles were extracted and summarized. Results : 56 Chinese journals were ultimately selected. 37 kinds of syndrome differentiations about tremor were investigated, which included dual deficiency of qi and blood (氣血兩虛) quoted 31 times, liver-kidney yin deficiency (肝腎陰虧) 23 times, liver-kidney deficiency (肝腎不足) 21 times, and phlegm-heat stirring wind (痰熱動風) 20 times. 37 kinds of syndrome differentiation could by group into eight types, such as liver-kidney yin deficiency (肝腎陰虧), dual deficiency of qi and blood (氣血兩虛), phlegm-heat stirring wind (痰熱動風), heart deficiency and spirit weakness (心虛神弱), blood stasis due to qi stagnation (氣滯血瘀), sea of marrow deficiency (髓海不足), liver qi depression (肝氣鬱結), and liver yang transforming into wind (肝陽化風). Conclusion : We suggest that the syndrome differentiations of tremor, such as heart deficiency and spirit weakness (心虛神弱), blood stasis due to qi stagnation (氣滯血瘀), sea of marrow deficiency (髓海不足), liver qi depression (肝氣鬱結), and liver yang transforming into wind (肝陽化風), can be added to liver-kidney deficiency (肝腎不足), dual deficiency of qi and blood (氣血兩虛), and phlegm-heat stirring wind (痰熱動風) of the textbook. Further systematic research will be needed on them.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.497-508
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• 1999

In the literatual study on the NAM-SUNG-BUL-YOUK, the results were obtained. 1. NAM-SUNG-BUL-YOUK is mainly caused by deficiency of kidney jung, and is subsiderly caused by deficiency of kidney yang, deficiency of vital energy and blood, depression of vital energy, stagnation of wetness and phlegm, wetness and heat, trauma, and so on. 2. Increasing kidney jung is the main method of the treatment of NAM-SUNG-BUL-YOUK. Warmming kidney and strengthening kidney yang, increasing both vital energy and blood, solving of liver energy, promotion of blood circuation to get rid of blood stasis, drying wetness and removing phlegm, cooling wetness and heat, use the fragrance of smelling hot and wram, etc. are also used to treat it. 3. NAM-SUNG-BUL-YOUK is prescripted as follows : Chanyukdan and Yukmigiwhangtang are used for the deficiency of Sin jung(賢精); Jangchunkwangsadan, Oujayeonjongwhan, Youguiyeum, and Palmigiwhangtang are used for the deficiency of Sin yang(賢陽); Daebowonjeon and Palmultang are used for the deficiency of energy and blood; Sihosogansan is used for the depression of liver energy; Dodamtang and Yijintang and Singitang are used for the stagnation of phlegm; and finally, Yongdamsagantang and Bihaebunchungyeum are used for wetness and heat. Above literatual study shows that NAM-SUNG-BUL-YOUK can be cured with highly ratio. It is accomplished by the conduction of appropriate herbs, acupunctures and moxibustions through method of oriental medicine.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.683-691
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• 2020

A biomarker is needed to monitor and manage the health of pigs from heat stress (HS). Therefore, we investigated the effects of HS on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood profiles in finishing pigs. A total of 12 finishing pigs (n = 12) were raised in thermal neutral (TN; 25℃) conditions for a 3-d adaptation period. After the adaption, 6 pigs were exposed to HS at 33℃ (HS33) for 5 d. The pigs were fed the same diet based on corn and soybean meal. Chromic oxide was added to all the diets at a level of 2 g·kg^-1 as an indigestible marker for the determination of the apparent total track digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and amino acids. Blood samples were collected after the adaptation and heat treatment to verify the blood profiles. The HS33 pigs had a lower (p < 0.01) average daily feed intake (ADFI) and higher (p < 0.05) rectal temperature compared to the TN pigs. However, there was no difference in the ATTD of nutrients and amino acids. The HS33 pigs had reduced (p < 0.05) levels of serum glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), total protein, albumin, and calcium compared to the TN pigs. However, the level of total bilirubin was increased (p < 0.05) in the HS pigs. In conclusion, HS reduced the feed intake and had an adverse effect on health. Altered blood profiles as a result of a negative energy balance are expected to be biomarkers of HS in finishing pigs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.242-249
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate two different kinds of socks on physiological responses at an ambient temperature of 35$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity of 50$\pm$5% Five healthy women wearing normal socks or toes socks participated as the subjects. Rectal temperature skin temperatures sweat rate blood pressure pulse rate and questionnaire wee measured. Rectal temperature skin temperature sweat rate blood pressure pulse rate and questionnaire were measured. Rectal temperature and mean skin temperature were lower after exercise at wearing toes socks . Sweat rate was higher at wearing normal socks and blood pressure and pulse rate were tend to higher at wearing toes socks. Thermal comfort temperature sensation and humidity sensation were better wearing toes socks. Thermal comfort temperature sensation and humidity sensation were better wearing toes socks than wearing normal socks but wearing comfort was better at wearing normal socks. These results will be discussed form the viewpoint of thermoregulation AVA(Arterio venous Anastomosis) and count current heat exchange.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.401-407
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• 2017

Objective: This study reports on a treatment case of Soojeom-san plus Jeungmiyijin-tang (SJJI) on gastroesophageal reflux disease with hiatal hernia. Method: We considered a male patient suffering from gastroesophageal reflux disease with hiatal hernia because of blood stasis and damp-heat of the spleen and stomach pattern and prescribed SJJI. The progress was evaluated using the frequency scale for the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (FSSG) score, and the visual analogue scale for abdominal pain, sore stomach, and other symptoms. Results: The patient's symptoms, which included abdominal pain, sore stomach, dyspepsia, anorexia, insomnia, etc., almost disappeared. Conclusion: SJJI can be used for patients who have a chronic condition of gastroesophageal reflux disease with hiatal hernia because of blood stasis and a pattern of damp-heat of the spleen and stomach.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.532-538
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• 2007

In order to establish the standard symptoms in men and women and highly frequent symptoms(HFS) of Phlegm(痰) Blood Stasis(血於) Cold(寒) Heat(熱) Dryness(濕) pathogenesis(病機), 969 questionnaires were analyzed through Cronbach alpha value and Pearson's correlative efficient. The Cronbach ${\alpha}$ value of each pathogensesis was Phlegm(0.83500)${\cdot}$Cold(0.823272)${\cdot}$Heat(0.816344)${\cdot}$Dampness(0.760292)${\cdot}$Blood Stasis(0.692551)${\cdot}$Dryness(0.672783) respectively. Through this study of frequency number of symptoms, followings were found that the physiological differences of men and women made some differences of main symptoms in each pathogenesis, and the differences of several clinical symptoms in a pathogenesis were resulted from the difference of specimens between textbook and this study.