• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.312-329
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• 2004

This study was examined 718 workers who had consistent blood pressure results in 2001 and 2002 general health examinations that were held at a work places managed by a health care agency in Seoul. Significant results are found as follows by analysing SPSS 11.0 on the result of self-recorded questionnaires investigated from Mar 1, 2003 to April 30, 2003. 1. A sampled healthy group and a sampled unhealthy group had significant differences in four variables out of possible nineteens that are sex, age, marriage and occupation. The unhealthy group had more males than females, more aged (over 50 years old) than youngers (under 50 years old), more married than singles, more manufacturing workers than non-manufacturing workers. In the case of systolic blood pressure, as the healthy group had 16.52mmHg while that of the other group had 149. 58mmHg, 33.06mmHg of difference between those groups were detected. In the case of diastolic blood pressure, 74.93mmHg of the healthy group and 96.53mmHg of the unhealthy group yielded 21.60mmHg of difference between them. This result implies that a guidance of health care is required to be aware of 20-30mmHg volatility in blood pressure rate or to understand and treat properly own blood pressure. as it is difficult to detect hypertension in early stage due to no initial symptom. According to the result. an establishment of management system of workers, companies and health care agencies is required for consist health care. 2. In terms of risky habits to health, the unhealthy group had more proportion of past smokers, over-twice-a-week drinkers, people with higher obesity rate. However, in terms of excercise, the proportion of regularly exercising people is higher in the unhealthy group while that of non-exercising people is higher in the healthy group. On the other hand. the average grade of health practicing behaviour in two groups are not significantly different as the health group had 3.00 out of possible 6.00 while the other had 3.10. This result means that as workers are not interested in health practicing behaviour. health promoting programmes must be developed in such a way of various method of motivations and incentives. Particularly this implies that distortional objectives of exercises should be readjusted through health guidance. 3. Systolic blood pressure in the healthy group can be explained by sex and the obesity rate while that in the unhealthy group can be explained by subjective health awareness and the obesity. Diastolic blood pressure in the healthy group can be explained by sex and the obesity rate like the former. The obesity rate was significant variable affecting the blood pressure of both groups, and particularly the effect to the unhealthy group was remarkably higher than that to the healthy group. Therefore, this research identified that the health care on the blood pressure of workers is not only limited to hypertension patients, but also extended to all workers. In order for consistent care, an establishment of management system of workers, companies and health care agencies is required.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.105-114
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• 1969

This experiment was carried out to study the responses of cellular component of blood and bone marrow to cold and also the changes of coagulation during cooling. Forty-two mongrel dogs were subjected to hypothermia by ice-water surface cooling technique. Lowest body temperature ranged from 21-23 degree. Dogs were divided into 3 groups,Group I, 12 dogs: pentothal anesthesia for 3 hours, Group II, 20 dogs;hypothermic group and Group III,10 dogs;postsplenectomy hypothermic group. Results were summarized as follows: 1. Hemoglobin, hematocrit and red blood cell count significantly increased when animals were cooled, and increase was noted in similar magnitude among the animals of Group I. 2. White blood cell count extremely decreased after cooling and effect of splenectomy on white blood cell count was not apparent. No significant changes were seen among Group I. 3. Differential count of white blood cell when cooled showed relative increase of polymorphonuclear neutrophil and decrease of lymphocyte. 4. There was marked decrease of platelets when body temperature reached to 21-23degree and essentially. no changes was noted in Group I. 5. Clotting time, bleeding time, plasma prothrombin time, recalcification time, and fibrinolysis showed no significant changes when dogs were cooled. Clot retration and prothrombin consumption during hypothermia appeared to be poor. In Group II, bleeding time decreased after splenctomy and when body temperature was lowered, plasma prothrombin time, clot retraction, and prothrombin consumption decreased. Decreased bleeding time and poor clot retraction were noted in Group I. 6. It was found that megacaryocyte count decreased even though platelet count of peripheral blood markedly diminsished when animals were cooled. There was some tendency of erythroid hyperplasia noted during hypothermia.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.63-74
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of Exercise on inhibition Blood pressure by Auricular-plaster Vaccaria seeds Methods : This study picked 40 peoples from 20 May 2009 to 30 June 2009 and experiment them. Attached Vaccaria seeds to auricular acupuncture of the experiment group. Did not attach them to the control group. Them to exercise using a Bike-Ergometer exercise. I measured their blood pressure before the exercise, 15 minutes after the exercise and 30 minutes after the exercise. I compared the difference between the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. The method to choose the subjects was Random allocation. Results : 1. Comparing the systolic blood pressure of the experiment group and the control group, the average systolic blood pressure of the experiment group, who did the Bike-Ergometer exercise putting on Auricular-plaster Vaccaria seeds, was 125.45 mmHg before the exercise, 121.20 mmHg 15 minutes after the exercise and 120.30 mmHg 30 minutes after the exercise. Terefore, the group's systolic blood pressure after the exercise was more controlled than the systolic blood pressure before the exercise. The control group's systolic blood pressure increased compared to the beginning. To measure the change before and after the exercise, I carried out paird-t test. The result was statistically significant. 2. Comparing the diastolic blood pressure of the experiment group and the control group, the average diastolic blood pressure of the experiment group, who did the Bike-Ergometer exercise putting on Auricular-plaster Vaccaria seeds, was 81.45 mmHg before the exercise, 79.65 mmHg 15 minutes after the exercise and 79.05 mmHg 30 minutes after the exercise. As a result of carrying out paird-t test to measure the change of the diastolic blood pressure, the change of the dilating blood pressure was statistically significant. However, the difference of the dilating blood pressure between 15 minutes after the exercise and 30 minutes after the exercise was not statistically significant. Comparing the systolic blood pressure and the diastolic blood pressure of the experiment group and the control group, the blood pressure of the experiment group, who did the Bike-Ergometer exercise putting on Auricular-plaster Vaccaria seeds, decreased compared to the beginning and the blood pressure of the control group, who did not put on Auricular-plaster Vaccaria seeds, increased compared to the beginning. Conclusions : The hypothesis was supported that the increase of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure of the experiment group, putting on Auricular-plaster Vaccaria seeds, was more controlled than that of the control group. In future, it can be medically used by verifying the various effects through repeated studies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.319-325
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• 1984

This experiment aims to observe the nutritive value of blood sausages by manufacturing three kinds of them in order to utilize various by-products of swine when it is processed. In attempt to do so, five different diets were made: one control diet and four diets in which three kinds of blood sausages(blood sausage-1 was made with sausage meat 10%, fat 40%, blood 20%, skin 20% and liver 2%. blood sausage-2 was made with ham meat 30%, fat 20%, blood 20%, liver 2% and skin 20%. blood sausage-3 was made with smoked ham patch 30%, fat 20%, blood 20%, liver 2% and skin 20%) and mixed sausage(sausage meat 20%, fat 10% and fish meat 35%) were mixed with control diet at the rates of 10% respectively. These diets were fed to growing male and female albino rats for 6 weeks. The results obtained through this study are summarized as follows. In body weight gain of male rats, blood sausage-1 and 2 groups were significantly higher than mixed sausage group during the experimental period, and in that of female rats, control group and blood sausage-1 group were similar, but the other groups were lower than control group. Food intake was different in each group every week, but the amount of that was similar to each one throughout all experimental period. Food efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio in male were similar in each group, but slightly different in female during the feeding period. Liver weights of male in mixed sausage group and blood sausage-3 group were lower than those in control group and blood sausage-2 group, but liver weight of female in blood sausage-2 group was lower than that in control group. And all groups were similar in liver weight per 100 g of body weight. Mixed sausage group and blood sausage-1 group were lower than control group in kidney weight of male, and blood sausage-1 group was lower than control group in kidney weight of female. Kidney weight per 100 g of body weight of male showed that blood sausage-1 group was lower than the other groups. Spleen weight was similar in all groups. Hematocrit and hemoglobin contents in blood, total protein, albumin, albumin/globulin ratio, total lipid and total cholesterol contents in serum were showed almost similar in all groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.261-268
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• 2008

Purpose : This study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise and resistive exercise program on hypertension in the elderly. Methods : Subjects were allocated into one of three groups (aerobic exercise group, resistive exercise group, control group). Blood pressure was measured pre- and post-exercise in each exercise group. Data were analyzed with paired t-test and one-way ANOVA to determine blood pressure differences. Results : The results of this study were as follows. 1) The systolic blood pressure of the aerobic exercise group decreased significantly after exercise (p<.05). 2) The diastolic blood pressure of the resistive exercise group decreased significantly after exercise (p<.05). 3) There was a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure of aerobic exercise group compared with control group following the exercise. 4) There was no significant differences in diastolic blood pressure among three groups following the exercise (p>.05). Conclusion : Aerobic exercise and resistive exercise program were effective in reducing systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of the hypertension in the elderly. Thus, this program can be recommended as an effective intervention for the elderly. Therefore, regular and continued those exercises will be the solution for decreasing systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.346-354
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• 2014

The study was performed to determine the reliability and validity of the 'Qi Blood Yin Yang Deficiency Questionnaire (Qi Blood Yin Yang DQ)' for the 100 subjects with chronic fatigue. After 100 subjects respond to the 'Qi Blood Yin Yang DQ', Korean medical doctor classified the subjects into 4 groups such as Qi deficiency group, Blood deficiency group, Yin deficiency group and Yang deficiency group. 100 subjects were retested in the same way after 3 weeks. The reliability and the validity of the questionnaire were inspected. Internal consistency of the 'Qi Blood Yin Yang DQ' was excellent (Cronbach alpha 0.916). Test-retest reliability was good (intra-class correlation coefficient 0.699). Construct validity analyzed by exploratory factor analysis produced 4 factors, which were selected from eigenvalues that are greater than 1.0. The 'Qi Blood Yin Yang DQ' consisted of 4 factors. The factor 1, 2, 3 and 4 showed 'Qi deficiency', 'Yin deficiency', 'Yang deficiency' and 'Blood deficiency' respectively. The 'Qi Blood Yin Yang DQ' restructured in this study may provide a fundamental questionnaire and a further study is required for a more advanced, standardized and statistically proven questionnaire.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 2019

Purpose : This study investigated the effect of bamboo stepping exercises on the blood pressure of the elderly. This study was performed for 8 weeks. Methods : The study participants included 25 people aged 65 and over. Of the participants, 16 were in the hypertensive elderly group and 9 were in the normal blood pressure elderly group. The participants stepped on semicircular bamboo for 20 minutes 3 times a week for 8 weeks. The participants' blood pressure was measured 3 times before and after 8 weeks of exercise. The mean values of the 3 before and after measurements were compared and analyzed statistically. Results : The systolic blood pressure of the hypertensive elderly group decreased significantly from $134.6{\pm}21.1mmHg$ to $119.9{\pm}18.1mmHg$ (p<.05). The diastolic blood pressure of the hypertensive elderly group decreased from $70.2{\pm}10.5mmHg$ to $66.1{\pm}9.8mmHg$, but the difference was not significant. The systolic blood pressure of the normal blood pressure elderly group decreased significantly from $127.2{\pm}18.7mmHg$ to $115.5{\pm}19mmHg$ (p<.05). The diastolic blood pressure of the normal blood pressure elderly group decreased from $72.6{\pm}11.3mmHg$ to $68.2{\pm}12mmHg$, but the decrease was not significant. Conclusion : After completing 8 weeks of the bamboo stepping exercises, the elderly participants' systolic blood pressure was effectively reduced. Today, lifestyle modifications, such as daily exercise, are necessary to control the blood pressure of the elderly. We hope that the bamboo stepping exercises, which are easy to perform and are not restricted by place and time, will become part of the elderly health policy.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.66-73
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to identify the effectiveness of a web based learning program on self efficacy, knowledge, and competence in measurement of blood pressure in college nursing students. Method: This study was an experimental research study. Data were collected from April 20 to June 1. 2011. The participants were 68 first year nursing students (experimental group 37, control group 31). The collected data were analyzed with the PASW 18.0 program, using ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. Results: The mean score for self efficacy in blood pressure measurement in the experimental group was 61.9 and in the control group 60.7. This result was statistically significant (t=3.301, p=.002). The mean score for knowledge of blood pressure measurement in the experimental group was 11.5 and in the control group 10.8. This result was statistically significant (t=2.910, p=.005). But effectiveness of competence in blood pressure measurement was not significant. Conclusion: The study results show that the web based learning program was effective for self efficacy and knowledge in blood pressure measurement but not for competence indicating.-a need to develop strategies to improve competence in blood presessure measurement for these students.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.239-243
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The purpose of present study was to investigate effects of obesity, blood pressure and life style on lipid indices and blood pressure in men of age 40s. METHODS: One hundred forty five subjects in men of age 40s were participated in this study. All participants were taken physical examination, lifestyle survey and laboratory test. According to examination, participants were divided into two group in four categories ; obesity and normal group, hypertension and normal group, smokers and non-smokers, and drinkers and non-drinkers. The low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were analyzed by independent t-test for comparison between two groups. RESULTS: The values of LDL, TC, SBP, DBP were higher and HDL was lower in obesity than in normal group (p<.05). The values of LDL, TC, SBP, DBP were higher in hypertension group than in normal group (p<.05). The values of TG was higher and HDL was lower in smokers than in non-smokers (p<.05). There's no significant differences between drinkers and non-drinkers (p>.05). CONCLUSION: It can be seen that obesity and blood pressure were more relative risk factors than smoking and alcohol indices in cardiovascular diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.29-34
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• 1978

It was conducted to find out that the influence of lipids on blood cholesterol level of chicks and ducks. In this experiments, a comparative study was carried out using chicks and ducks divided into four groups with various diet for the period of four weeks. The results were as follows: 1. The mean value of hematocrit was significantly lower for the chicks fed sesame oil and soybean oil than the chicks fed duck meat. The value of hematocrit was higher for the ducks fed sesame oil, soybean oil and duck meat than for the control group. 2. Blood glucose level was higher for the ducks group than the chicks group. It was lower blood glucose level for the chicks and ducks fed duck meat than any other groups. 3. Blood cholesterol level was lower for the chicks fed sesame oil, soybean oil, and duck meat than for those fed the basal diet(control group). In the ducks group, blood cholesterol level was high. But in the liver organ, it was lower blood cholesterol level for the chicks and ducks fed sesame oil, soybean oil and duck meat, respectively than for those fed the basal diet(control group). 4. Phospholipid of the chicks which were control groups was lower value than for those fed sesame oil and duck meat fed, the value of phospholipid was higher value.