• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.221-233
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• 1997

The studies were carried out to investigate the changes in the activities of glucose, ALT, ALP, GGT, cholesterol, $T_3$, and cortisol among the serum when the dogs were administered the prednisolone acetate. The experiments were designed to 3 groups and twenty-four dogs were randomly assigned to 3 groups of 8 dogs each. In groups I, each dog was injected 1mg of prednisolone acetate/kg/day for 14 days, intramuscularly. In groups II, 10mg of prednisolone acetate/kg/day for 14 days. And in the control group, 0.1ml of saline daily for 14 days. The results were summarized as follows: 1. In group I, II and control, mean serum glucose activities remained in the normal range during the study. 2. In group I, mean serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) activities slowly increased until day 3, than reached the maximum(317IU/l) until day 21, and then decreased in 32.3IU/l until day 40(p<0.005). In group II, reached the maximum(184IU/l) until day 3, and gradually decreased in 140IU/l until day 54(p<0.001). 3. In group I, mean serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activities reached the maximum (786IU/l) until day 12 and gradually decreased in 153IU/l until day 47(p<0.001). In group II, reached the maximum(381IU/l) until day 24 and rapidly decreased in the range of control until day 33. 4. In group I, mean serum GGT activities reached the maximum(29.3IU/l) until day 12, and slowly decreased in the range of control until day 47(p<0.005). In group II, reached the maximun(102IU/l) until day 54(p<0.005). 5. Mean serum cholesterol activities of group I decreased than those of control(p<0.05). In group II, decreased than those of control(p<0.05). 6. In group I, mean serum $T_3$ activities reached the maximum(32.8ng/dl) until day 12 and increased in the range of control until day 21(p<0.05). In group II, gradually decreased in 25.1ng/dl until day 12, then decreased under the level of 25ng/dl from day 15 to day 40, and then gradually increased but remained under the range of control(p<0.001). 7. In group I, mean serum cortisol activities slowly decreased and reached the minimum($0.4{\mu}g/dl$) until day 18(p<0.001), and then increased in the range of control until day 47. In group II, rapidly increased and reached the maximum($22.1{\mu}g/dl$) until day 12(p<0.05), but decreased to the minimum($0.64{\mu}g/dl$) until day 40, and then increased in the range of control until day 47.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2008

Objectives : Diabetes patients suffer from severe stress in maintaining the diet therapy and exercise therapy as well as the disease itself, and this stress has bad effects on controlling the glucose level and causes high prevalence rate of depressive and anxiety disorders. These symptoms again have deleterious effects on blood glucose control. A lot of researches about the relationship between glycemic control and symptoms of depression and anxiety and about the positive effects of the treatments of depression and anxiety disorder on glycemic control in diabetic patients are being performed. In Korea, the research regarding the relationship between glycemic control and depression and anxiety symptoms are seldom performed. In this study, we tried to find out the correlation between the glycemic control and depressive symptom and anxiety symptom. Methods : The study included 65 patients(male 34, female 31) with Diabetes in outpatient clinic of the Department of Endocrinology in Dankook University Hospital. We used the HbA1c levels to check glycemic control through blood sample analysis and used Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI). Results : Among the 65 Diabetes patients, 21(32.30%) had mild depressive symptoms, and 6(9.23%) had moderate or severe depressive symptoms. The relation of HbA1c and BDI was not statistically significant, but was significant between HBA1c and BAI, (R=0.567, P<0.001). In the linear regression analysis, BAI had an effect on HbA1c($\beta=0.533$, T=5.012, P=0.00), but BDI, diabetes complications, diabetic morbid period and BMI had no effect on HbA1C. The relationship between HbA1c and BDI was not statistically significant, but the relationship between HbA1c and BAI was statistically significant(R=0.254, P<0.001). Conclusions : In this study, the rates of diabetic patients with depressive symptoms were higher, but those with anxiety symptoms were not higher than the general population. We could not find out significant relationship between depressive symptom and glycemic control, but found the significant relationship between the anxiety symptom and glycemic control in diabetic patients.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.64-72
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• 1981

This experiment was carried out to study on changing phases of the concentrations of serum testosterone and metabolites in the various grwoing stages of male pigs. The eight males were used to obtain serial blood samples at a, pp.oximately 20kg body weight intervals from birth to 130kg body weight. The blood samples were taken from the jugular veins and serum was stored at -20$^{\circ}C$ until assay. Testosterone concentrations in the serum were analyzed by radioimmunoassay. The result obtained are as follows: 1. Serum testosterone concentrations were elevated at birth and were reached a maximum level between 50 and 70kg body weight, which was when sexual maturity was reached. 2. Calcium values did not vary a, pp.eciably with body weight, and ranged from 9.6${\pm}$0.6 to 11.9${\pm}$0.8mg/100$m\ell$. Potassium and sodium concentrations ranged from 38.5${\pm}$2.9 and 233.9${\pm}$2.1mg/100$m\ell$ to 64.2${\pm}$6.5 and 269.1${\pm}$9.5mg/100$m\ell$, respectively. Magnesium values dro, pp.d at birth and then rose to peak at 15kg of body weight. Iron concentrations was 0.12${\pm}$0.02mg/100$m\ell$ at birth, rose to 0.20${\pm}$0.04mg/100$m\ell$ at 15kg of body weight and then gradually increased to 0.29${\pm}$0.04mg/100$m\ell$ at 30kg of body weight. Serum zinc concentrations rose from a low of 56${\pm}$3.3mg/100$m\ell$ at birth to a high of 83.3${\pm}$3.4mcg/100$m\ell$ at 15kg of body weight. Co, pp.r values rose from a low of 25${\pm}$2.5mcg/100$m\ell$ at birth to a high of 183${\pm}$4.3mcg/100$m\ell$ at 15kg of body weight. 3. Serum cholesterol concenrtration did not vary a, pp.eciably with body weight, and ranged from 90.5${\pm}$6.0mg/100$m\ell$ to 95.0${\pm}$6.3mg/100$m\ell$. Glucose concentrations ranged from 80.5${\pm}$1.2mg/100$m\ell$ to 108.7${\pm}$8.4mg/100$m\ell$. Serum total protein rose from alow of 2.7${\pm}$0.8mg/100$m\ell$ at birth to a rapidly high of 4.3${\pm}$0.1mg/100$m\ell$ at 15kg of body weight and then gradually increased to 7.3${\pm}$0.4mg/100$m\ell$ at 130kg of body weight. Serum albumin values ranged from 0.5${\pm}$0.1$m\ell$ to 3.0${\pm}$0.3mg/100$m\ell$. 4. The total concentrations of essential/nonessential amino acid were 944.7mg/100$m\ell$ and 934.4mg/100$m\ell$ at birth, respectively. The values of essential/nonessential amino acid gradually rose from a low level at birth to a high level at 130kg of body weight. The total concentrations of essential/non-essential amino acid ratios remained from birth to 130kg of body weight.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.333-342
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• 2003

The pathogenic effort of high glucose, possibly in concert with fatty acids, is mediated to vascular complications of diabetes via increased production of reactive oxygen species(ROS), reactive nitrogen species(RNS), and subsequent oxidative stress. This study was carried out to investigate the suppressive effect of buchu(Allium tuberosum) on oxidative stress in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetes in Sprague Dawley male rats. The effect of buchu supplementation (10%) on lipid peroxidation, and antioxidative defense system in blood and liver was compared among normal rats fed basal diet(normal) and diabetic rats fed basal diet(DM-control) or 10% buchu-supplemented diet(DM-buchu). Diabetes was experimentally induced by the femoral muscle injection of 50 mg STZ per kg of body weight. Animals were sacrificed after 4 wks of experimental diets feeding. The induction of diabetes by STZ elevated the level of lipid peroxidation represented by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances(TBARS) and conjugated dienes in plasma, LDL, liver, and erythrocytes. 10% buchu-supplemented diet significantly reduced the levels of conjugated dienes in erythrocytes(p<0.05) and lowered TBARS in liver and LDL to the levels of control. Induction of diabetes by STZ elevated Mn-superoxide dismutase(Mn-SOD) activity and lowered activities of glutathionine reductase(GSH-red) and glutathionine peroxidase(GSH-px). Catalase activity was not affected by the induction of diabetes by STZ. However, buchu supplementation to diabetic rats significantly elevated catalase activity(p<0.05) and slightly elevated GSH-px and GSH-red activities in liver. GSH levels of blood and liver were lowered or not changed by induction of diabetes by STZ, respectively, while buchu supplementation to diabetic rats significantly elevated hepatic GSH level (p<0.05). In conclusion, it can be concluded that buchu might be a food source to attenuate oxidative stress in diabetic patients by inhibiting lipid peroxidation, by increasing hepatic GSH level, and by inducing anti-oxidative enzyme systems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.692-698
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• 2010

This study investigated anti-diabetic activity of Kocat-D1, which is a currently used traditional medicine for treatment of diabetes in Shandong, China. Insulin sensitizing activity was observed in a cell-based glucose uptake assay using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The treatment of 0.2 mg/mL of hot water extract of Kocat-D1 with 0.2 nM insulin was associated with a significant increasing in glucose uptake ($165.0{\pm}0.7%$) over the treatment of 0.2 nM insulin. C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice (8 weeks of age) were separated into 3 groups: normal control (control, db/+ mice untreated), diabetic control (DM control, db/db mice untreated), Kocat-D1 (db/db mice treated with Kocat-D1 extract 350 mg/kg/day). After 16 weeks of treatment, body weight and total diet intake of Kocat-D1 group were significantly lower than DM control groups. Blood glucose levels of the Kocat-D1 group ($14.7{\pm}1.4\;mmol/L$) were significantly lower compared to the DM control group ($27.1{\pm}0.2\;mmol/L$). Furthermore, insulin level was significantly increased in the Kocat-D1 group ($0.17{\pm}0.02\;ng/mL$) compared with the DM control group ($0.05{\pm}0.02\;ng/mL$). The glomeruli in kidney was stained using periodic acid-shiff base (PAS) for confirming collagen accumulation. The glomeruli in kidney of Kocat-D1 group had significantly reduced PAS-positive compared with that of DM control.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.12
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• pp.1716-1726
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• 2012

This study was undertaken to evaluate the antihyperglycemic, antilipid peroxidative, and antioxidant effects of the ethanol extracts of Artemisia iwayomogi (Ai) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats with a single intravenous injection (45 mg/kg b.w.) of STZ. The diabetic rats were then randomized to the diabetic and Ai extract therapy groups which were treated with Ai extract at doses of 1, 2, and 3 g/kg b.w./day, respectively, for 14 days. Oral administration of Ai (2 g/kg b.w.) significantly decreased their intake of food. Dosage of 2 g/kg of the extract significantly decreased blood glucose levels in the glucose level in diabetic rats after 4 day, there was no significant difference observed at 1 and 3 g/kg. A dose of 2 or 3 g/kg of the Ai extract significantly reduced plasma glucose levels in STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats at 7 days. The hypoglycemic effect of Ai at a dose of 2 g/kg was significantly more effective than that of STZ-control. The effect was more pronounced in 2 g/kg than 1 g and 3 g/kg. A significant reduction in triglycerides (TG) and free fatty acids (FFA), and a significant increase in liver glycogen were observed in treated diabetic rats at doses of 2 g/kg after 14 days of treatment. Administration of Ai extracts to diabetic rats showed a significant decrease in liver malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly increased in the 3 g extract-supplemented groups. The activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) and catalase (CAT) were significantly increased in the 1 g and 3 g extract-supplemented groups. Ai extract significantly increased glutathione-S transferase (GST) activity in a dose-dependent manner compared with treatment in STZ-control rats. Our result supports the fact that the administration of Ai extract is able to reduce hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia risk, and also reduce the oxidative stress in diabetic rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.613-618
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• 1999

This study investigated the effect of tea fungus/kombucha(TF) beverage on body weights, pancreas weights, serum glucose and lipid concentrations of both normal and diabetic male rats. Sprague Dawley male rats weighing $140{\pm}10g$ were randomly assigned to one control and five streptozotocin(STZ) diabetic groups. Diabetic groups were divided into D control(TF free water), 20% TFD(20% TF in water), 40% TFD(40% TF in water), 20% TFSD(20% TF disinfection in water) and 40% TFSD(40% TF disinfection in water) according to the level of TF supplementation. Diabetes was experimentally induced by intraperitoneally administration of STZ in citrate buffer(pH4.3) after 3 week feeding of four experimental water. Animals were sacrificed at the 4 week of diabetic state. The diabetic groups showed significant decrease of body weight(-29.4~48.6g) compared with the control group(72.4g). Pancreatic weights relative to body weights in all diabetic groups were heavier than those of the control group. The levels of fasting serum glucose were higher in all diabetic groups than that of the control group. The concentrations of triglyceride in serum was lower in 20% TFD and 20% TFSD groups than in those D control group. The levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol in serum and atherogenic index were significantly decreased in all(20 or 40%) TFD and TFSD groups than in those D control group, but those were similar to control group. The levels of HDL cholesterol in serum was similar to all groups, but HDL cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio were significantly increased in all(20 or 40%) TFD and TFSD groups than in those D control group. Liver triglyceride concentration of the all diabetic groups significantly decreased compared with the control group. Liver total cholesterol and phospholipid were not affected by TF and TFS feeding. The results indicated that tea fungus/kombucha beverage feeding improved the cholesterol, triglyceride and atherogenic index levels in diabetic rats.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.9
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• pp.883-888
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• 2003

Purpose : The etiology of hemolytic anemia can be classified as either cellular or extracellular defects of red blood cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and laboratory findings of hemolytic anemia concerning its etiological classification. Methods : Clinical and laboratory findings of the patients with hemolytic anemia treated from January 1987 to May 2002 at Severance Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. They were divided into two groups based on the types of red cell defects(group I : erythrocytic defect, group II : extraerythrocytic defect). Results : Twenty one cases were included in group I, thirty four cases in group II, and three cases were unclassified. In group I, nineteen cases(90.5%) were diagnosed as hereditary spherocytosis and were proved to have red cell membrane disorders while two cases(9.5%) were shown to have red cell enzyme deficiencies. In group II, thirteen cases(38.2%) were noted as autoimmune hemolytic anemia, eleven cases(32.4%) as traumatic or microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, four cases(11.8%) as drug induced hemolytic anemia, two cases(5.9%) were related with systemic lupus erythematosus and one case(2.9%) with malignancy. Hemoglobin at the time of diagnosis(7.5 g/dL vs. 6.2 g/dL, P<0.05) and the incidence of splenomegaly(85.7% vs. 18.2%, P<0.05) were higher in group I though blood urea nitrogen(9.0/0.4 mg/dL vs. 27.8/1.6 mg/dL, P<0.05) was higher in group II. Conclusion : Comparing the clinical features of pediatric hemolytic anemia, we concluded as following : In cases associated with extraerythrocytic defect, blood tests revealed significant initial lower hematocrit with higher level of BUN and Cr while cases with erythrocytic defect, splenomegaly were more common noted.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.147-155
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• 2008

Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) is considered a keystone of medical treatment of chronic diseases. However, only few studies have evaluated medical and economical outcome of MNT. The study was performed on the patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus to evaluate the effect of clinical and cost-effective outcomes of MNT. Subjects from two general hospitals were randomly assigned to two different groups; One receiving basic nutritional education (BE) (n = 35), and the other receiving intensive nutritional education (IE) (n = 32) for a 6-month clinical trial. The group which received BE had a single visit with a dietitian, while the other group which received IE had an initial visit with a dietitian addition to two visits during the first 4 weeks of the study periods. Anthropometric parameters, blood components, and dietary intake were measures at the beginning of study period and after 6 month. Cost-effective analysis included direct labor costs, educational materials and medication cost difference during 6 months. After 6 month, subjects from IE group showed significant reduction of body weight (p <0.05) and systolic blood pressure (p <0.05), whereas BE group did not show any significant changes. Result from biochemical indices showed glycated hemoglobin concentration was significantly reduced by 0.7% (p <0.05) only in the IE group. The ratio of energy intake to prescribed energy intake decreased significantly in both groups (p <0.05). Mean time taken for a dietitian to educate the subject was 67.9 ${\pm}$ 9.3 min/person for BE group, while 96.4 ${\pm}$ 12.2 min/person for IE group. Mean number of educational materials was 1.9 ${\pm}$ 0.7/person for BE group and 2.5 ${\pm}$ 0.7/person for IE group. Change in glycated hemoglobin level along the 6 month period of study can be achieved with an investment of \88,510/% by implementing BE and \53,691/% by implementing IE. Considering the net cost-effect of blood glucose control and HbA Ic, IE which provides MNT by dietitian had a cost efficiency advantage than that of BE. According to this study, MNT provided by dietitian had a significant improvements in medical and clinical outcomes compared to that of BE intervention. Therefore, MNT protocol should be performed by systemic intensive nutrition care by dietitian in clinical setting to achieve good therapeutic results of DM with lower cost.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.547-556
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• 1998

This study was performed to obtain the basic data on the serum constituents of several marine fish spesies commonly cultured in Korea. Blood samples taken from six species of fish were analyzed for various components of serum, total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), triglyceride (TRIG), cholesterol (CHOL), glucose (GLC), lipase (LIPA), amylase (AMYL), aspartate transaminoferase (AST), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (CI) and phosphorus (PHOS). The fish used were coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), rock fish (Sebastes schlegeli), sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus), olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), rock fish (Sebastes schlegeli), sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus), olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), parrot fish (Oplegnathus fasciatus) and jack mackerel (Trachurus jaonicus) reared at the Chungmu Experimental Fish Culture Station of KORDI when the water tempetature was ca. 16.5$^{\circ}C$. There were significant differences in TRIG, CHOL, LIPA and AMYZ among the species analyzed. TRIG concentratin were ranged 178~180mg/dl in jack mackeerel and rock fish, 126~159 mg/dl in olive flounder and sea bass, and 102~114 mg/dl in coho salmon and parrot fish, respectively. Jack mackerel showed the highest levels in CHOL (255mg/dl) and GLC(138mg/dl) among species. LIPA levels were recorded 256 U/dl in coho salmon, 41~42 U/dl in parrot fish and rock fisk, and 5~11 U/dl jack mackerel and sea bass, respectively. AMYL activity of coho salmon was measured as 2, 665 U/dl, and that of jack mackerel was 1,210 U/dl while sea bass showed 60 U/dl and parrot fish, olive flounder and rock fish had at most 5 U/dl. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the concentration of Na and CI. Na and K were proved that they were negatively correlated in all the species. Generally, among blood components, PHOS and CHOL levels were different depending on environmental temperature of each fish species, especially in olive flounder. Rock fish and parrot fish showed high blood concentration of those components during low temperature period while olive flounder and jack mackerel reached high level during their optimal environmental temperature period. The electrolyte concentration and LIPA activity were high during low water temperature period, in general, but TP and ALB concentrations were high during optimal temperature period. The concentrations of TRIG, CHOL and GLC, those which were used as energy sourses, were different among species by season.