• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.318-328
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 blocked isocyanate와 하이브리드 기술을 이용해서 1액 경화형 폴리우레탄 탄성체를 제조하였다. 1액 경화형 하이브리드 폴리우레탄의 제조를 위해서 hydroxyl group을 포함하는 실리카 하이브리드를 합성하고 입자크기, 형태 및 탄성체 내의 하이브리드 입자분포를 확인하였다. 또한, 열해리특성, 기계적 물성, 성형특성을 조사하였다. 1액 경화형 폴리우레탄 탄성체의 열해리 특성을 평가한 결과 온도가 높을수록, 열처리 시간이 길어질수록 blocking된 isocyanate의 해리가 더 잘 진행되었다. 합성된 실리카 하이브리드는 직경이 23~27 nm이고 구형이었으며 하이브리드 폴리우레탄의 단면을 FE-SEM과 EDS를 사용해서 분석한 결과 하이브리드 입자가 폴리우레탄 분자구조 내에 잘 분산되어있는 것을 확인하였다. 하이브리드 폴리우레탄의 경우에는 하이브리드를 포함하지 않는 폴리우레탄 탄성체에 비해 기계적물성, 내마모성 및 열적특성이 향상되었으며 가소제를 사용하는 경우에는 물성의 변화가 거의 없는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.427-434
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• 2005

To improve the performance and reduce raw material costs, blocked isocyanates were prepared with mixture of blocking agents in many industries. Three blocked isocyanates (adducts) namely $\varepsilon$-caprolactam/benzotriazole-blocked 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) and 4,4'-dicyclohexyl-methane diisocyanate ($H_{12}$MDI) were synthesized. Six reference adducts were also prepared by blocking MDI, TDI, and $H_{12}$MDI with $\varepsilon$-caprolactam ($\varepsilon$-CL) or benzotriazole. The reactions were carried out in acetone medium and dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) was used as a catalyst. The progress of the blocking reaction was monitored by IR spectroscopy. De-blocking temperatures (dissociation temperatures) of these adducts were studied using DSC and TGA and the results were correlated. As expected, the thermal analysis data showed that de-blocking temperature of blocked aromatic isocyanates was lower than that of the blocked aliphatic isocyanates. The low de-blocking temperature of blocked aromatic isocyanate could be due to electron withdrawing benzene ring present in the blocked isocyanates. It was also found that benzotriazole-blocked adducts de-blocked at higher temperature compared with $\varepsilon$-CL-blocked adducts.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.253-258
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• 2013

Effects of copper hydroxide(II) on the curing and the corrosion resistance of electrocoating were investigated by MEK rubbing test, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). Curing performance of electrocoating was lowered with increasing the content of copper hydroxide(II) as evidenced by the MEK rub performance which decreased with increasing the content of copper hydroxide(II). This indicates copper hydroxide(II) affected the blocked isocyanate reaction in the coatings, by the decomposition of copper hydroxide(II) to CuO and $H_2O$ during reaction of isocyanate with nuclephiles. Corrosion resistance of coatings also decreased with the content of copper hydroxide. This reflects the higher barrier property in coatings with higher curing performance.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.551-559
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• 2013

To investigate the adhesion effect of sodium bisulfite content in making blocked isocyanate, wood adhesive PB-1, PB-2, PB-3 and PB-4 containing sodium bisulfite content of 15%, 22.5%, 30% and 37.5% were synthesized respectively. As a result, when the amount of sodium bisulfite increased in adhesives, the tensile strength was found to be proportionally increased. The final adhesive mixtures were manufactured using a two-components system which are prepared by mixing two separate protein and BI solutions due to the precipitate in the adhesives. As PVA was added to adhesives to increase tenacity, the plywood dehiscence phenomenon after cold pressing process was declined. By addition of PVA, the tensile strength was improved up to $6.5{\sim}7kgf/cm^2$ with BI/protein ratio from 1:6 up to 1:8. Phase separation between milk fat and aqueous layer was disappeared after addition of emulsifier, Tween 20. Additon of Tween 20 showed tensile strength up to $5{\sim}6.5 kgf/cm^2$ at NCO/protein ratio of 1:12 ~ 1:14 without phase separation.

• 한국섬유공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국섬유공학회 1999년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.53-56
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• 1999

• 폴리머
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.232-239
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• 2013

A series of novel imidazole-blocked diisocyanate bioadhesives (IBAs) were synthesized from reaction of toluene 2, 4-diisocyanate (TDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), hydroxyl-terminated polylactide (HO-PLA-OH), 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane (TMP), and imidazole. Synthesis of IBAs was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the TDI-based IBA had lower thermal dissociation temperature and a faster deblocking rate than IBA based on IPDI. Hydroxyl-terminated polyurethane (HPU) was introduced to study the adhesive effect of the synthesized IBAs. Improvement on elastic modulus, tensile strength and water resistance of IBA-modified HPU in comparison with neat HPU suggested the good adhesive effect of IBA due to the strong chemical reaction between released NCO groups from IBA and hydroxyl groups from HPU.

• 폴리머
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.194-200
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• 2007

고분자막 저항형 습도센서를 제조하기 위하여 [2-[(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] dimethyl] propylammonium bromide(MEPAB), [2-[(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]-2-hydroxyethyl]dimethylmonium bromide (MEHDAB), n-butyl methylacrylate(BMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methylacrylate(HEMA)와 styrene의 공중합체를 사용하였다. 4가지 종류의 공중합체들 즉 MEPAB/styrene/MEHDAB MEHDAB/BMA/HEMA, MEPAB/BMA/MEHDAB 그리고 MEPAB/styrene/HEMA을 알루미나 기판에 인쇄된 Ag/Pd 전극 위에 blocked-isocyanate 가 교제로 가교시켜 도포하였을 때, 매우 좋은 내수성을 보여주었다. 습도센서의 상대습도에 대한 주파수 의존성, 온도의존성, 히스테리시스, 응답속도 그리고 내수성을 평가하였다. MEPAB/BMA/MEHDAB= 3/6/1 공중합체의 경우, $30{\sim}90%RH$ 범위에서 $2.9 M{\Omega}$에서 $1.84k{\Omega}$의 저항을 보여주었으며 좋은 직선성과 낮은 히스테리시스를 보여주었다.

• 폴리머
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.302-307
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• 2007

저항형 습도센서를 제조하기 위하여 [2-[(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl] propylammonium bromide(MEPAB), [2-[(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]-2-hydroxyethyl]dimethylammonium bromide(MEHDAB), 2-[(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride(METAC), 그리고 n-butyl methylacrylate(BMA)의 공중합체를 사용하였다. 4가지 종류의 4원 공중합체 MEPAB/BMA/MEHDAB/METAC=4/4/1/1, 3/5/1/1, 2/6/1/1, 1/7/1/1을 blocked-isocyanate가교제를 사용하여 Ag/Pd 전극/알루미나에 도포한 후 좋은 내수성을 보여주었다. 습도센서의 상대습도에 대한 주파수 의존성, 온도 의존성, 히스테리시스, 응답속도 그리고 내수성을 평가하였다. MEPAB/BMA/MEHDAB/METAC=2/6/1/1 공중합체의 경우, $30{\sim}90%RH$에서 $1.4\;M{\Omega}{\sim}2.9\;k{\Omega}$의 저항을 보여주었으며 좋은 직선성과 작은 히스테리시스를 보여주었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.4409-4419
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• 2015

The Bhopal gas tragedy involving methyl isocyanate (MIC) is one of the most horrific industrial accidents in recent decades. We investigated the genotoxic effects of MIC in long-term survivors and their offspring born after the 1984 occurrence. There are a few cytogenetic reports showing genetic damage in the MIC-exposed survivors, but there is no information about the associated cancer risk. The same is true about offspring. For the first time, we here assessed the micronucleus (MN) frequency using cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assay to predict cancer risk in the MIC-affected population of Bhopal. A total of 92 healthy volunteers (46 MIC-affected and 46 controls) from Bhopal and various regions of India were studied taking gender and age into consideration. Binucleated lymphocytes with micronuclei (BNMN), total number of micronuclei in lymphocytes (MNL), and nuclear division index (NDI) frequencies and their relationship to age, gender and several lifestyle variabilities (smoking, alcohol consumption and tobacco-chewing) were investigated. Our observations showed relatively higher BNMN and MNL (P<0.05) in the MIC-affected than in the controls. Exposed females (EF) exhibited significantly higher BNMN and MNL (P<0.01) than their unexposed counterparts. Similarly, female offspring of the exposed (FOE) also suffered higher BNMN and MNL (P<0.05) than in controls. A significant reduction in NDI (P<0.05) was found only in EF. The affected group of non-smokers and non-alcoholics featured a higher frequency of BNMN and MNL than the control group of non-smokers and non-alcoholics (P<0.01). Similarly, the affected group of tobacco chewers showed significantly higher BNMN and MNL (P<0.001) than the non-chewers. Amongst the affected, smoking and alcohol consumption were not associated with statistically significant differences in BNMN, MNL and NDI. Nevertheless, tobacco-chewing had a preponderant effect with respect to MNL. A reasonable correlation between MNL and lifestyle habits (smoking, alcohol consumption and tobacco-chewing) was observed only in the controls. Our results suggest that EF and FOE are more susceptible to cancer development, as compared to EM and MOE. The genotoxic outcome detected in FOE reflects their parental exposure to MIC. Briefly, the observed cytogenetic damage to the MIC-affected could contribute to cancer risk, especially in the EF and FOE.

• 공업화학
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.238-242
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• 1998

복합체 제조의 최적조건을 얻기 위해 페놀수지와 목분의 함량을 변화시켜 제조하고 그들의 기계적 성질을 측정하였다. 페놀수지의 함량이 45 wt%일 때 가장 높은 기계적 강도를 나타내었다. 또한 페놀수지와 목분 복합체의 기계적 성질을 개선하기 위해 페놀수지의 개질제로서 폴리우레탄을 사용하였다. Isocyanate 작용기를 갖는 폴리우레탄은 페놀수지와 잘 혼합되지 않기 때문에 상용성을 개선하기 위해 페놀 blocked 폴리우레탄을 합성하였다. 이들을 첨가한 복합체는 개질제 함량이 5 wt%에서 최대의 기계적 강도를 나타냈다. 또한 $210^{\circ}C$에서 경화된 복합체의 기계적 강도가 $150^{\circ}C$에서 경화된 것보다 우수하였다.