• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2014

A drying machine for discarded Citrus scrap was developed in this study. The Citrus produced in Jeju Province was treated as wastes (a) after making a beverage, such as drinking juice, and (b) if the size of the product did not fit with its agricultural product criteria. Various types of drying machine were developed in this study, and different kinds of technologies were combined improve the performance. To enhance the performance, the system was maintained in a vacuum state, and a high frequency micro wave was activated to the waste Citrus scrap, to heat up the moisture inside the Citrus kernels. The frequency of the micro-wave was 2.6 GHz, which is the resonant frequency of the molecules. Experiments were conducted with a vacuum of 50, 100, 150, 300, 500, and 700 mbar. The waste Citrus scrap has two types of status : (a) original scrap, and (b) mixed with blender. As results, specimen (a) shows a 0.13 g/sec evaporation rate, while specimen (b) shows a 0.19 g/sec rate, at 50 mbar of environment vacuum condition. For the drying efficiency, specimens (a) and (b) show 0.15 g/W and 0.24 g/W, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.565-572
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• 2013

Hydration and physical characteristics of chemically-bonded phosphate ceramic (CBPC) binder based on dead-burned Mg-O with six different blends are investigated for efficient repair construction material by retarding set phase with $H_3BO_3$. The test specimen of the blender with silica fume shows higher compressive strength after 75 days. The CBPC with silica fume results in higher modulus of rupture that others. The test specimens of CBPC eludes lower calcium ion than that of OPC (Ordinay Portland Cement). The X-ray diffraction pattern shows that hydration results in the formation of magnesium hydroxide, M-S-H gel and $MgCO_3$ for the specimen with silica fumes. Combination with calcium for MgO is not desirable due to no formation of chemical bond between two components. Based on the experimental program, the mixture of MgO and silica fume shows efficient performance in strength and durability.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.61-68
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• 2015

In this study, the strength properties of NHL based mortar with blending basalt fiber were investigated. In the first step, it was evaluated that physical properties of NHL based mortar according to mixing method of four types of basalt fiber and then mixing method of one type was selected. As a result of assessment, it showed that the physical properties with mixing method of dry blending were better than that of wet blending and mixing method that basalt fiber pre-mixed with NHL for 5 min in a blender was selected and water and aggregate were finally added. Secondly, the investigation of blending fiber length on the compressive and flexural strength for basalt fiber reinforced NHL based mortars was carried out. The compressive strength was decreased with adding fiber, and the flexural strength was increased more than plain mortar. In the case of adding 6 mm fiber, the compressive and flexural strength were improved more than that of others.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.48 no.7
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• pp.630-638
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• 2010

The present investigation has been performed on the mixing behavior and microstructural development during fabrication of Fe micro-nano powder feedstock for a micro-powder injection molding process. The mixing experiment using a screw type blender system was conducted to measure the variations of torque and temperature during mixing of Fe powder-binder feedstock with progressive powder loading for various nano-powder compositions up to 25%. It was found that the torque and the temperature required in the mixing of feedstock increased proportionally with increasing cumulative powder loading. Such an increment was larger in the feedstock containing higher content of nano-powder at the same powder loading condition. However, the maximum value was obtained at the nano-powder composition of not 25% but 10%. It was owing to the 'roller bearing effect' of agglomerate type nano-powder acting as lubricant during mixing, consequently leading to the rearrangement of micro-nano powder in the feedstock. It is concluded that the improvement of packing density by rearrangement of nano-powders into interstices of micro-powders is responsible for the maximum powder loading of about 71 vol.% in the nano-powder composition of 25%.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.271-277
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• 2021

The present study aimed to assess and compare the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of apple juice and blueberry juice at hourly intervals over a period of time based on the presence or absence of vacuum blending (0 and 800 hPa) using a household blender. Measurement of the dissolved oxygen content revealed that the removal rates of dissolved oxygen were approximately 83% and 86% in the apple and blueberry juice samples, respectively, after vacuum blending. Moreover, compared with general blending, there was little change in the antioxidant property and degree of browning over time with vacuum blending. Furthermore, hourly assessments revealed that the decrease in the polyphenol and flavonoid contents in the apple and blueberry juice samples was significantly lesser with vacuum blending for 3, 6, and 12 h than with general blending. Assessment of the change in ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity over time revealed that the rate of decrease in FRAP activity over time was lower with vacuum blending than with general blending for both juice samples. ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging assays performed to determine the change in free radical scavenging activity revealed inhibitory activity at 0, 3, 6, and 12 h and confirmed that vacuum blending resulted in long-lasting antioxidant activities in both apple and blueberry juice samples. Taken together, the present results confirmed that vacuum blending is associated with superior quality maintenance and antioxidant properties in comparison with general blending.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.341-347
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• 2009

Saengshik beverage products were developed to improve the convenience in consumption, and thereby to expand the Saengshik market. Beverages were prepared from 3 commercial Saengshik products (ES, BS, SS) by mixing with water using a high shear blender. The physicochemical and sensory properties of the Saengshik beverage product were compared. The most acceptable beverage product was made of BS at 7.7% (w/w) level. The apparent viscosity of the beverages increased as the Saengshik levels increased. The beverages at lower Saengshik levels showed dilatant fluid characteristics, while they were Newtonian and pseudoplastic fluids at middle and high Saengshik levels, respectively. The beverage products also showed rheopectic type time-dependency at middle (5.7-9.7%) Saengshik levels, while they were time independent at low and high levels.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.80-87
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• 2004

This study was carried out to improve the properties of powdered tannin adhesive(PT) by adding liquid tannin resin(LT) to PT in the manufacture of particleboard. Mixing the LT to PT from 50% to 100% by weight did not show any difference in particleboard properties, but the higher the powdered tannin resin ratio, the lower the properties of the board. The proper ratio of PT to LT was 30:70 for the improvement of PT-particleboard, unless LT lower than 70%. Internal bonding strength was in proportional to the amount of LT. Mixing amino adhesives and PT did not show any improvements in mechanical and physical properties of the board but they only acted as scavenger for the free formaldehyde.Manufacturing particle board with the adhesive of 30:70 (PT:LT) and by using double blender resulted in high-performance products of E₀ level of formaldehyde emission with high water resistance (U type; below 12%, M type; below 25%), as well as saving chip drying energy.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.469-483
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• 2023

The dynamic characteristics of wind turbine blades are usually monitored by contact sensors with the disadvantages of high cost, difficult installation, easy damage to the structure, and difficult signal transmission. In view of the above problems, based on computer vision technology and the improved YOLOv5 (You Only Look Once v5) deep learning model, a non-contact dynamic characteristic monitoring method for wind turbine blade is proposed. First, the original YOLOv5l model of the CSP (Cross Stage Partial) structure is improved by introducing the CSP2_2 structure, which reduce the number of residual components to better the network training speed. On this basis, combined with the Deep sort algorithm, the accuracy of structural displacement monitoring is mended. Secondly, for the disadvantage that the deep learning sample dataset is difficult to collect, the blender software is used to model the wind turbine structure with conditions, illuminations and other practical engineering similar environments changed. In addition, incorporated with the image expansion technology, a modeling-based dataset augmentation method is proposed. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed algorithm is verified by experiments followed by the analytical procedure about the influence of YOLOv5 models, lighting conditions and angles on the recognition results. The results show that the improved YOLOv5 deep learning model not only perform well compared with many other YOLOv5 models, but also has high accuracy in vibration monitoring in different environments. The method can accurately identify the dynamic characteristics of wind turbine blades, and therefore can provide a reference for evaluating the condition of wind turbine blades.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2005

Microspores were isolated from pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) anthers by using a micro-blender and cultured in modified NLN medium at $25^{\circ}C$. The influence of pretreatment period at $32^{\circ}C$, adding the 2-hydroxynicotinic acid to a pretreatment medium, and co-pretreatment anthers with microscopes on the induction of embryo were examined. Globular and torpedo embryos were observed from 3 weeks after culture. Embryo development was not synchronized within culture. After 4 weeks in culture, in addition to globular and torpedo embryos, cotyledonary embryos were observed. Normal cotylodonary embryos developed into plantlets when transferred to a solid hormone free B5 medium containing $2\%$ sucrose. Embryo yields were significantly higher after 1- and 2-day pretreatment at $32^{\circ}C$. However the development of embryo ceased at the globular or heart stage. In contrast, embryo yields were lower after 3- to 6-day pretreatment at $32^{\circ}C$ and embryo developed at the cotyledonary stage. After adding the 2-hydroxynicotinic acid to anther pretreatment solution, embryo yields were slightly increased. However most embryos occurred were at the globular or heart stage. Co-pretreatment of microspores with anthers was deleterious for embryo induction and development. AS far as we know, this is the first report of success in obtaining high frequency of embryogenesis and plantlets formation from isolated microspores of pepper. Although the culture conditions have to be optimized further, this promising microspore culture system can be used for genetic transformation, selection for dominant and recessive traits as well as for the production of homozygous doubled haploid plants.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.519-526
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• 2011

Chemometrics using near-infrared (NIR) and Raman spectroscopy have found significant uses in a variety quantitative and qualitative analyses of pharmaceutical products in complex matrixes. Most of the pharmaceutical can be measured directly with little or no sample preparation using these spectroscopic methods. During pharmaceutical manufacturing process, analytical techniques with no or less sample preparation are very critical to confirm the quality. This study showed NIR and Raman spectroscopy with principal component analysis (PCA) was very effective for the blending processing control. It is of utmost importance to evaluate critical parameters related to quality of products during pharmaceutical processing. The blending is confirmed by off-line determination of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) by a conventional method such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and UV spectroscopy. These analytical methods are time-consuming and ineffective for real time control. This study showed the possibility for the determination of blend uniformity end-point of CR tablets with the use of both NIR and Raman spectroscopy. The samples were acquired from six positions during blending processing with U-type blender from 0 to 30 min. Using both collected NIR and Raman spectral data, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to follow the uniformity of blending and finally determine the end-point. The variation of homogeneity of six samples during blending was clearly found and blend uniformity end-point was successfully confirmed in the domains of principal component (PC) scores.