• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.102-107
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• 2016

We demonstrate the electrochromic properties of $TiO_2$ nanotubes prepared by an anodization process and investigate the effects of heat treatment and viologen incorporation on them. The morphology and crystal structure of anodized $TiO_2$ nanotubes are investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. As-formed $TiO_2$ nanotubes have straight tubular layers with an amorphous structure. As the annealing temperature increases, the anodized $TiO_2$ nanotubes are converted to the anatase and rutile phases with some cracks on the tube surface and irregular morphology. Electrochemical results reveal that amorphous $TiO_2$ nanotubes annealed at $150^{\circ}C$ have the largest oxidation/reduction current, which leads to the best electrochromic performance during the coloring/bleaching process. Viologen-anchored $TiO_2$ nanotubes show superior electrochromic properties compared to pristine $TiO_2$ nanotubes, which indicates that the incorporation of a viologen can be an effective way to enhance the electrochromic properties of $TiO_2$ nanotubes.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.957-969
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• 2011

This study intended to analyze the grunge look as a mode of expression and as a characteristic of the fashion of the 21st century, arguing that the look expressed not only an outward appearance or sub-culture but also a change in our attitude and spirit about contemporary fashion. In the study, I carried out an empirical analysis focused on the collection from 2001S/S to 2010F/W and a literature review. In my results, I classified the grunge look into the following categories: 1. mix and match layering; 2. patchwork, collages, and assemblage using all objects as well as clothing materials; and 3. distressing techniques, such as bleaching and dyeing, unweaving, and tears and holes. I also classified the characteristics of grunge into the following categories: 1. conspicuous destitution, which is intentionally expressed by skillful techniques and craftsmanship, indicating that modern people want to attract attention and be distinguished from others, which reflects an attitude of superiority through ironic fashion choices; 2. high lighting the dissolution of decoration, where destruction, poverty and recombination shown in the grunge look emerged as an artificial and intentional ugly aesthetic in contrast to the existing elegant and sophisticated image; and 3. satire and playfulness, as grunge expresses alienation and conflict in modern society through satire and sarcasm, not attacking or avoiding, but through playful and sarcastic engagement so as to decrease poverty and give temporary freedom.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1061-1074
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• 2011

This study was conducted based on a comparative analysis of design-specific features prevalent in the Women's Wear Collection S/S 2011. As the method of this study, the denim styles were classified by various fashion design factors consisting of silhouette, fit, color, and textile fabric, which were extracted from an image database. The properties of denim fabrics associated with each fashion image were investigated to inform fabric development and washing. The results of the study show that the dense and glossy surface of the denim fabric represent a modern trend, which can be achieved by blending lyocell, tencel and rayon or by using different textiles, such as lightweight plain weave and satin instead of twill. For casual look, various washing effects were utilized jean's casual feeling like freedom and activities, while in a modern image, washing effects was restricted. And a glossy textile offers a simple modern look. The Modern image represents a simple H-silhouette and wide or straight fit in bottoms as well. Brightness can be adjusted by washing-induced bleaching. High brightness gives an elegant image, while low brightness makes a casual image. The purpose of this study is to configure a database for the development of design in the growing women's casual wear market. In addition, This study, in which the elements for specific fashion image-making were analyzed, can be used as a reference for developing denim style and fabric.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.333-347
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to find out the washing methods specified on the care labels of vapor-permeable & water-proofed fabrics and to investigate the consumers' real washing methods in their home and their cognition. In this study, the condition of care labels on 35 products was investigated and consumers' washing methods and cognition were surveyed. The subjects were consisted of majoring clothing textiles' female, female student attending in other major and married-women. Data were analyzed SPSS 10.0. The major results were as follows : 1. The care labels of Vapor-permeable & waterproofed fabric products used in this survey followed the rule of KS K that is stated that care labels must include over 3 instructions. It was the most popular type of care labels to organize with washing methods, bleaching methods, weaving methods, drying methods, ironing methods. 2. Most consumers have vapor-permeable & waterproofed fabric products, but their consciousness of this fabric is low. The rate of consumer confirming the care labels was 76.6% but 67.8% of them answered they take care of textile products with their experiences. 3. Consumers' understanding of care instructions on care labels was investigated that most consumers understand domestic care instruction, but they didn't know almost all international one.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.204-212
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• 2016

This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant activities, total phenol, and flavonoid contents of 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, and chloroform-methanol (CM, 2:1, v/v) extracts from garlic (Allium sativum L.) peels. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical and ABTS [2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt] radical scavenging activity, ${\beta}$-carotene bleaching assay, and ferric reducing antioxidant power. Total phenol and flavonoid were in a range of 32.59-63.05 mg CAE/g, 5.26-9.22 mg QE/g, respectively. Total phenol and flavonoid were predominant with the values of $63.05{\pm}0.20mgCAE/g$ and $9.22{\pm}0.17mgQE/g$ in 70% ethanol extract. Additionally, 70% ethanol extract also displayed the strongest antioxidant activity followed by 70% methanol extract and CM extract in all assays. These results showed that garlic peel can be used as natural antioxidant in nutraceutical preparations to prevent human diseases.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.186-194
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• 2016

Consumption of fruits and vegetables has been conducted to be effective in the prevention of chronic diseases. In this study, 70% methanol, 70% ethanol and chloroform-methanol mixture (CM, 2:1, v/v) were used as solvents in the extraction of apple peels. The total phenol content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of various extracts were investigated using in vitro assays. The extract obtained by 70% methanol showed the highest total phenol content ($20.87{\pm}0.17mgCAE/g$), ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt] radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power. However, 70% ethanol extract possessed the strongest antioxidant activity assayed by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity and ${\beta}$-carotene bleaching method. And CM extract was found to show the highest total flavonoid content with the value of $9.26{\pm}0.06mgQE/g$. These results indicated that apple peels can be used in dietary applications with a potential to reduce oxidative stress.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.175-190
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• 2012

The purpose of this article is to explain the meanings and uses of the English auxiliaries will morpho-syntactically, and answer the question of whether will is a tense auxiliary or a modal one. Some writers even exclude will completely from the semantics of the modal auxiliaries. They argue that the semantics of will is fundamentally non-modal and has only a few modal-like uses. There are some people who treat will to be semantically separate from the other modal auxiliaries. In the light of modal will, the semantics of will basically remains anchored in volition because the lack of required speaker subjectivity, but has undergone so much semantic bleaching that it may also express future time without volition. On the other hand, the semantics of will in the exclusionist view is erroneous and that its semantics is in fact closely related to the semantics of the other modals. This view reinforces the argument that the morpho-syntactic kinship of will, can, may and must also reflects semantic kinship. It is suggested that all the modal auxiliaries show that the correspondence relation is non-verified but potential. And the specific place that will holds is that the correspondence is unverified at the time of utterance but will turn out to become verified. The overall conclusion is that idiosyncratic morpho-syntax shared by the modals reflects the semantics and pragmatics of the English modal auxiliaries and is forced also to include will.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.235-238
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• 2007

과산화수소의 발생은 일반적으로 유기 산화제를 포함한 산업적 프로세스의 넓은 분야에 응용된다. 과산화수소는 펄프와 제지 공업의 기계적, 화학적 처리를 위하여 사용되고 염소를 기초로 둔 화학제품에 알칼리 처리로 사용된다. 본 연구에서는 Nafiom과 러시아 양이온 교환막인 MK-40, 제조된 SPEEK막을 가스확산전극이 포함된 과산화수소 발생용 전해 셀에서 비교 실험한다. 다른 양성자 교환막에 효과에 따른 과산화수소 발생의 전기화학적 셀의 전압과 전류 효율, 에너지 소모를 연구한다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.52-56
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• 2003

This study investigates the photoelectrochemical behavior of STS304 steel with TiO2 thin films coating, applied by sol-gel mehod, for the purpose of cathodic photoprotection of the steel corrosion. One time TiO2-coated STS304 steel, adapted with two kinds of TiO2 sol solution, has the most dominant photopotential abilities, which was -200mV vs. SCE and -500mV vs. SCE under illumination with 40 W fluorescent lamp, respectively. That had yielded more negative values than the corrosion potential of the bare metal(-130mv vs.SCE). The bleaching of TCE was confirmed on TiO2-coated STS304 steel under UV-illumination with 20W Black-light. This Study concluded that Ti02-coated STS304 exhibited both a cathodic photoprotection effect against corrosion and a photocatalytic self-cleaning effect.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.307-311
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• 2002

This study was investigated the photoelectrochemical behavior of STS304 steel with $TiO_2$ thin films coating, applied by sol-gel method, for the purpose of cathodic photoprotection of the steel corrosion. One time $TiO_2$-coated STS304 steel adopted two kinds of $TiO_2$ sol solution has the most dominant photopotential abilities, which was -200mV vs. SCE and -500mV vs. SCE under illumination with 40W fluorescent lamp, respectively. That was more negative than the corrosion potential of the bare metal(-150 mV). The bleaching of TCE was confirmed on $TiO_2$-coated STS304 under UV-illumination with 20 W Black-light. This Study was concluded that $TiO_2$-coated STS304 exhibited both a cathodic photoprotection effect against corrosion and photocatalytic self-cleaning effect.