• 대한가정학회지
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• 제37권11호
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• pp.49-58
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• 1999

This study is to develop the well-fit brassieres by observing the changes in the breast sizes and shapes, the surface area of the breast through the arm movements of 3 types (0$^{\circ}$ , 90$^{\circ}$ and 180$^{\circ}$) in vortical motion. The 11 elementary girls who are aged 12 participated in this experiment. To obtain the measures regarding the surface area of the breast, replicas are made at each motion. The results of this study are as fellows: 1. The changes in the breast sizes and shapes at each motion By increasing the motions of the arm movement, the following measure items are inclined to decrease: Shoulder length, Upper blast girth, Bust girth, Under bust girth, Upper bust depth, Bust depth, Under bust depth, Nipple to nipple breadth, Horizontal distance of bust, Horizontal length of the cup, Bust height, Cup size. By increasing the motions of the arm movement, the fellowing measure items are inclined to increase: Center point of shoulder~B.p., Shoulder point~B.p., Center point of shoulder~armpit, Upper Bust breadth, Bust breadth, Under bust breadth, Vertical distance of Bust. 2. The changes in the surface area of breast at each motion By making the replica to observe changes in the surface area, which are sectioned to 4 parts(area 1 to area 4), and volume of breast at each motion, the results are as follows: At 0$^{\circ}$and 180$^{\circ}$, the sizes of each part are ordered as the following: area2>area1>area4> area3. At 90$^{\circ}$, the sizes of each part are ordered as the following: area2>area1>area3>area4. Through these orders, it is found that the upper and inside part of the breast huts the inclination to increase so along as the motions of the arm movement increase. Also, the total surface area increases so long as the motions of the arm movement increase. As a reset of the F-test on the changes in the each surface areas, the surface area by arm movements, the significant differences among the each surface areas are found.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기기기및에너지변환시스템부문B
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• 제51권9호
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• pp.522-529
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• 2002

In this paper, computer simulations of the physical Phenomena occurring in the arc region before and after current zero were carried out to evaluate the thermal recovery characteristics of a Laval nozzle. A commercial CFD program "PHOENICS" is used for the simulation and the user-coded subroutines to consider the arcing phenomena were added to this program by the authors. The computed results were verified by the comparison with the test results presented by the research group of GE Co.(General Electric Company). In order to investigate the state of the arc region after current zero, the simulation was carried out with three steps. They are steady state arc simulation, transient arc simulation before current zero, and transient hot-gas flow simulation after current zero. The semi-experimental arc radiation model is adapted to consider the radiation energy transport and Prandtl's mixing length model is employed as the turbulence model. The electric field and the magnetic field were calculated with the same grid structure used for the simulation of the flow field. The post-arc current was calculated to evaluate the thermal recovery characteristics after current zero. Compared with the results obtained by GE Co., it has been found that the critical RRRV(ratio of rise of recovery voltage) will be determined previously by this study.his study.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2012

일반 도로 및 산업단지 주변에 자생하는 잡초류에 대한 제거 작업이 상시 이루어지고 있으나 강한 자생력으로 인해 제초 작업에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 그간 이러한 수작업과 병행하여 방초 시트의 시공을 통한 제초작업이 이루어지고 있으나 경제성, 적용 부위의 한정 및 회수 처리 문제 등이 단점으로 지적되고 있다. 본 연구는 경제적이며 적용 범위에 제한을 받지 않고 제품으로서의 기능 상실 후 회수 처리의 간편함이 특징인 산업부산물을 활용한 친환경적 무시멘트 방초 모르타르의 제조에 관한 것으로 배합재료의 선정, 적정 배합 도출을 위한 다양한 시험 및 시험 시공을 실시한 후 각 종 결과의 비교, 분석을 통하여 방초 모르타르의 기초적 개발을 위한 연구결과를 도출하였다.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2006

현재 터널을 시공할 때 발파기술의 발달로 설계단면보다 크게 단면을 발파하는 경우는 많지 않으나 지질 특성상 커다란 여굴이 발생하는 경우가 종종 있으며, 또한 발파기술이 낙후된 시기에 시공된 터널은 설계단면보다 훨씬 크게 발파단면이 형성되어 라이닝을 설치한 후에도 상당 부분이 여굴로 남는 경우가 있다. 여굴이 크게 발생한 부분은 절리를 따라 지하수가 스며들면서 점토질 성분이 혼입되어 있는 부분이 비스듬한 각을 이루면서 터널 단면을 절단하고 있는 파쇄대를 형성하고 있다. 절리면에서 쐐기를 형성하고 있던 상부는 작은 진동에도 모두 낙석으로 떨어지게 되며 구조적인 안정성 문제를 야기한다. 기존터널의 여굴이 발파단면내에 위치하지 못하여, 기존터널의 발파영향선이 확장터널의 발파영향선을 변화시키고, 아치(arch)작용이 발생하지 않아 터널의 안정성에 심각한 문제가 발생할 가능성이 있다. 또한, 여굴의 규모가 커서 여굴의 뒷채움을 하지 않으면 토압의 측면에서 매우 불리하며, 안정화되지 못한 여굴의 상부에서 낙반이 발생할 위험이 상존한다. 따라서 공사의 원만한 진행을 위해서는 여굴의 안정화를 이루고 난 후 후속공정을 진행하거나, 낙반에 대한 안전조치를 취한 후 공사를 진행해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서 터널의 구조적 안전성과 시공성을 검토하였다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2010

현재 지구촌 온난화에 의하여 환경이 열악해지고 있으며 그에 따라 건설분야에도 시멘트 제조에 따른 $CO_2$ 발생 저감하기 위한 노력을 하고 있다. 이에 시멘트 대체할 재료가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 기존 비소성 시멘트의 문제점으로 지적 되는 경제성 및 초기강도 확보를 위해 산업부산물인 고로슬래그를 대상으로 연구를 진행하였으며 고가의 알칼리 자극제량을 최소화함으로서 실용화 가능한 비소성 시멘트 기술을 진행하고자 한다. 그리고 NT를 사용하여 분말도를 최대화 하여 고로슬래그의 초기강도를 개선시켰다. 본 연구는 알칼리 자극제를 사용한 나로슬래그를 치환한 비소성시멘트를 기초로 하고 있으며, 현장에서 사용가능한 비소성시멘트의 기초적 물성 및 품질을 조사하였다. 여러 자극제가 슬래그 중량의 10%로 사용되었으며 휨강도, 압축강도, 응결시간, 단열온도, 상승열등을 비교 분석하였으며 그 기초적 자료를 제시하는데 목적이 있다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.370-381
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• 2017

Rathayibacter tritici, which is a Gram positive, plant pathogenic, non-motile, and rod-shaped bacterium, causes spike blight in wheat and barley. For successful pathogenesis, R. tritici is associated with Anguina tritici, a nematode, which produces seed galls (ear cockles) in certain plant varieties and facilitates spread of infection. Despite significant efforts, little research is available on the mechanism of disease or bacteria-nematode association of this bacterium due to lack of genomic information. Here, we report the first complete genome sequence of R. tritici NCPPB 1953 with diverse features of this strain. The whole genome consists of one circular chromosome of 3,354,681 bp with a GC content of 69.48%. A total of 2,979 genes were predicted, comprising 2,866 protein coding genes and 49 RNA genes. The comparative genomic analyses between R. tritici NCPPB 1953 and R. toxicus strains identified 1,052 specific genes in R. tritici NCPPB 1953. Using the BlastKOALA database, we revealed that the flexible genome of R. tritici NCPPB 1953 is highly enriched in 'Environmental Information Processing' system and metabolic processes for diverse substrates. Furthermore, many specific genes of R. tritici NCPPB 1953 are distributed in substrate-binding proteins for extracellular signals including saccharides, lipids, phosphates, amino acids and metallic cations. These data provides clues on rapid and stable colonization of R. tritici for disease mechanism and nematode association.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2011

Swine diseases could be caused by unrecognized or minor pathogens. In this study, two unknown cytopathogenic agents were isolated from swine, through cell culture. In order to identify these two cytopathogenic agent (designated CP129 and #2045-7), a particle associated nucleic acids PCR (PANPCR) from previous paper was used with simple modification. The cloning procedure was more specified in this study by adding cell control system. According to the modified PAN-PCR, two and four agentsspecific DNA sequences were obtained from CP129 and #2045-7, respectively, and they were identified as Mycoplasma (M.) hyorhinis and Mammalian orthoreovirus by nucleotide BLAST. Since M. hyorhinis (CP129) was filterable and non-visible by microscope, this unusual virus-like nature of M. hyorhinis (CP129) was discussed. Especially, the reovirus (#2045-7) was a serotype 3 and a triple reassortant among three serotypes of reoviruses. It was grouped with recently reported reoviruses from disease cases (swine, human and feline), based on the genetic analysis of L1 and S1 partial sequences. In conclusion, two unknown cytopathogenic agents were successfully identified using modified PAN-PCR with cell control system and they were characterized in this study.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.530-539
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• 1997

This study was conducted to assess the health risk on the volatile organic compounds such as toluene, xylene, and styrene in painting workplace. It was monitored through personal air sampling during working time in selected 5 workplaces and analysed using gas chromatography. For the settlement of exposure situation, there were regarded working conditions such as working hours, yearly working days, and working years. Also, Monte-Carlo simulation was used for the induction of hazard index using toxicity value from IRIS(Integrated risk information system) database. The results of risk assessment were summarized as follows. 1. The air concentration of toluene was $7.096{\pm}15,644ppm,\;2.586{\pm}4.275ppm\;for\;xylene,\;1.914{\pm}5.320ppm$ for styrene in blast painting workplaces. The level of toluene was different significantly compared with the level of xylene and styrene. 2. Computated chronic daily intake values of 95th percentile on toluene, xylene and styrene treated by Monte-Carlo simulation were 9.616, 3.567, 2.782 mg/kg/day, respectively. 3. Computated hazard index values of 75th percentile on toluene, xylene and styrene treated by Monte-Carlo simulation were 3.5, 1.0 and 1.6, respectively. Adverse health effects on the toluene, xylene and styrene would be expected by working exposure in selected 5 workplaces since the hazard indices of three compounds were exceeded 1 in the surroundings of 75th percentile though having the low emerged frequency.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2010

The analysis of structure response and design of buried structures subjected to dynamic destructive loads have been receiving increasing interest due to recent severe damage caused by strong earthquakes and terrorist attacks. For a comprehensive design of buried structures subjected to blast loads to be conducted, the whole system behaviour including simulation of the explosion, propagation of shock waves through the soil medium, the interaction of the soil with the buried structure and the structure response needs to be simulated in a single model. Such a model will enable more realistic simulation of the fundamental physical behaviour. This paper presents a complete model simulating the whole system using the finite element package ABAQUS/Explicit. The Arbitrary Lagrange Euler Coupling formulation is used to model the explosive charge and the soil region near the explosion to eliminate the distortion of the mesh under high deformation, while the conventional finite element method is used to model the rest of the system. The elasto-plastic Drucker-Prager Cap model is used to model the soil behaviour. The explosion process is simulated using the Jones-Wilkens-Lee equation of state. The Concrete Damage Plasticity model is used to simulate the behaviour of concrete with the reinforcement considered as an elasto-plastic material. The contact interface between soil and structure is simulated using the general Mohr-Coulomb friction concept, which allows for sliding, separation and rebound between the buried structure surface and the surrounding soil. The behaviour of the whole system is evaluated using a numerical example which shows that the proposed model is capable of producing a realistic simulation of the physical system behaviour in a smooth numerical process.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.268-278
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• 2015

Background: This study aimed to assess the whole-body vibration (WBV) exposure among large blast hole drill machine operators with regard to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) recommended threshold values and its association with machine- and rock-related factors and workers' individual characteristics. Methods: The study population included 28 drill machine operators who had worked in four opencast iron ore mines in eastern India. The study protocol comprised the following: measurements of WBV exposure [frequency weighted root mean square (RMS) acceleration ($m/s^2$)], machine-related data (manufacturer of machine, age of machine, seat height, thickness, and rest height) collected from mine management offices, measurements of rock hardness, uniaxial compressive strength and density, and workers' characteristics via face-to-face interviews. Results: More than 90% of the operators were exposed to a higher level WBV than the ISO upper limit and only 3.6% between the lower and upper limits, mainly in the vertical axis. Bivariate correlations revealed that potential predictors of total WBV exposure were: machine manufacturer (r = 0.453, p = 0.015), age of drill (r = 0.533, p = 0.003), and hardness of rock (r = 0.561, p = 0.002). The stepwise multiple regression model revealed that the potential predictors are age of operator (regression coefficient ${\beta}=-0.052$, standard error SE = 0.023), manufacturer (${\beta}=1.093$, SE = 0.227), rock hardness (${\beta}=0.045$, SE = 0.018), uniaxial compressive strength (${\beta}=0.027$, SE = 0.009), and density (${\beta}=-1.135$, SE = 0.235). Conclusion: Prevention should include using appropriate machines to handle rock hardness, rock uniaxial compressive strength and density, and seat improvement using ergonomic approaches such as including a suspension system.