• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.94-103
• /
• 2018

The quality characteristics of bread with black rice flour were investigated to find the most preferred ratio of black rice flour. Its moisture, ash content, crude protein, crude fat, amino acids, and texture were analyzed. A sensory evaluation was also performed. The moisture and crude fat of bread with black rice flour were decreased in proportion to the added amount of black rice flour, but the crude protein and ash content were increased. The volume of bread decreased as the added amount of black rice flour increased. The pH value of bread increased in proportion to the added amount of black rice flour. The value of brightness and yellowness of the dough were the highest in the control. The added amount of black rice flour was negatively correlated with the brightness and the yellowness of the dough, but was positively correlated with the redness. Total free amino acids were found, and the dough with 5% black rice flour contained the highest amount, followed by 3%, 2%, and 1%. When evaluating the storage days, the springiness and cohesiveness of bread with black rice flour they decreased with time, but the chewiness and brittleness increased. Regarding the taste, preference was given to the bread with 2% black rice flour, which had the lowest rejection rate and was not affected by time in any meaningful sense. The bread with 2% black rice flour won the highest scores in the overall preference measurement.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.226-231
• /
• 2000

Injulmi, a kind of traditional Korean sticky rice cakes, was prepared with the mixed flours of waxy and black rices in different ratio(0% to 25% black rice flour), and their quality properties were studied. In the sensory evaluation, the best acceptance was shown in the samples with 15% black rice flour. The scores for hardness, coarseness. chewiness, and flavor were increased as the added amount of black rice flour increased. The moisture content of the samples ranged from 43 to 45%, and it was increased as the added amount of black rice flour increased. In color value, lightness(L value) was 27.43∼65.63. The redness(a value) was -2.01∼4.74, and the yellowness(b value) was -1.40∼4.59. The redness and blueness were increased by the increase of black rice flour. In the texture properties, the increase of added black rice flour increased the hardness, chewiness, and gumminess of Injulml, but decreased the adhesiveness. Based on the results, the optimal recipe for Injulmi added black rice flour was to make with 85% waxy rice flour ant 15% black rice flour.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.903-908
• /
• 2010

Yeast-leavened rice bread with added vital wheat gluten was formulated by substituting normal rice flour with 0~30% black rice flour, and the effects of black rice flour substitution on rice bread quality were investigated. Black rice flour contained more protein, lipid, and ash contents than normal rice flour. Increasing levels of black rice flour substitution decreased the specific loaf volume of rice bread. Black rice flour decreased lightness and yellowness, and imparted a reddish color in the bread crumbs. Only a slight difference in crumb firmness was observed between control rice bread (100% normal rice flour) and rice bread containing up to 20% black rice flour. However, crumb firmness of rice bread containing 30% black rice flour was considerably higher than that of the control rice bread and increased rapidly at 2~3 days during a 3-day storage period at $25^{\circ}C$. Antioxidant activity of rice breads was estimated by determining electron-donating ability (EDA) to DPPH radical. The electron-donating ability slightly increased with increasing levels of black rice flour in rice bread.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.22 no.2 s.92
• /
• pp.193-203
• /
• 2006

The quality characteristics of cookies containing black rice flour, which has a greater variety of functional components than wheat flour, were studied. The results of the pasting properties shows that the inclusion of black rice flour to the wheat flour-mixture did not affect the pasting temperature but increased the enthalpy, indicating that more energy is needed for the starch gelatinization. The total dietary fiber and total polyphenol content increased and the cookies color became darker and deeper with increasing black rice flour content. According to the results from TA on texture, the hardness decreased and the crispness increased significantly (both, p<0.001) with increasing black rice flour content. From the acceptance test, the appearance, aroma and texture of the cookies with added black rice flour were significantly (p<0.001) lower than those of the wheat flour cookies. However, the taste and overall acceptance of the cookies with added black rice (lour did not differ significantly from those of the wheat flour cookies. According to the results from the sensory evaluation, the aroma, black rice flavor, crispness, graininess and color(gray-violet) of the cookies increased significantly(p<0.001) with increasing black rice flour content and those of the cookies with 30% black rice flour had the highest values among the cookies which weren't significantly different from those of the cookies with 20% black rice flour. From the above results, the optimal ratio for the addition of black rice flour to the cookies was 10% from the viewpoint of the sensory evaluation and functional components.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.378-384
• /
• 2014

Hwajeon, pan-fried rice cake, containing glutinous black rice flour at different proportions (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, or 50% of glutinous rice flour) was cooked to investigate the cooking effect on anthocyanins, color, and texture. Two anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside, were detected in both hwajeon dough and pan-fried hwajeon. The hwajeon retained up to 60% of anthocyanins in the dough after pan-frying. The lightness (L) of dough and hwajeon decreased with an increase in the amount of black rice flour rice flour. Interestingly, the lightness (L) of hwajeon was significantly lower than the counterpart dough, indicating that the color of hwajeon resulted not only from anthocyanins, but also from the browning reaction occurring during pan-frying. The redness (a) of hwajeon initially increased by adding glutinous black rice flour, and decreased at higher than 10% of black rice flour. In comparison with the control hwajeon (0% black rice flour), the black rice-added hwajeon showed lower hardness, whereas it had higher springiness and cohesiveness, resulting in no significant differences in gumminess and chewiness among the hwajeon. These results indicate that hwajeon enriched with glutinous black rice flour can be developed as a functional food containing health-promoting anthocyanins.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.669-674
• /
• 2006

In this study the properties of Yackwa partially replaced wheat flour with black rice flour were examined in the three factors: the physicochemical, the textural and the sensory. When the amount of black rice flour increased, dehydration and oil absorption of Yackwa decreased while frying it. The color of black rice flour Yackwa was darker yellowish than that of wheat flour Yackwa. When black rice flour was added more in making Yackwa, the results are as follows: first, its hardness increased, second, the external and internal color of Yackwa got significantly darker, finally, its greasiness decreased. As a result, up to 20% of wheat flour may be replaced with black rice flour without diminishing acceptability.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.447-456
• /
• 2015

To develop functional bread and improve the quality of gluten-free bread, this study investigates the quality characteristics of gluten-free rice bread made from soft-type rice (Bodeurami) flour mixed with black rice at different levels (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%, w/w). An increase in the mix level of black-rice flour increased the weight of rice bread but reduced its volume, baking loss, volume expansion, and specific volume. The results for Hunter's color value and texture measurements indicate that an increase in the content of black-rice flour reduced the L-value, the b-value, hardness, gumminess, and chewiness but increased the a-value, adhesiveness, and springiness. According to the sensory analysis, rice bread formulated with a mixture of soft-type rice flour (80%) and black-rice flour (20%) showed the highest scores in color, taste, texture, and overall preferences. With respect to flavor and appearance, bread samples with 20% and 30% black-rice flour were preferred to those with 0%, 10%, and 40% black-rice flour. These results suggest that gluten-free rice bread mixed with wet-milling rice flour and black-rice flour can be used to develop functional and gluten-free bread.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.103-111
• /
• 2001

This study was attempted to investigate the effect of partial replacement of rice flour with black or brown rice flour on texture properties and retrogradation of Julpyun(Korean rice cake). In sensory evaluation, the Julpyuns replaced black or brown rice flour 20% had high score in color, flavor and overall acceptability not including mouthfeel. As the result of the measurement with texture analyzer, hardness, gumminess and chewiness of Julpyuns tended to decrease in proportion to the amount of black and brown rice flour in the formula. These resets implied that the degree of retrogradation of black and brown rice Julpyuns might be low. Julpyuns replaced with black rice were a little lower than those of brown rice in the hardness. In the retrogradation speed by Avrami,s equation, the rate constants of Julpyun replaced black and brown rice flour was lower than that of milled rice, restating in delay in firming.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.234-237
• /
• 2008

The quality of sugar-snap cookie prepared with wheat flour supplemented with black rice flour was investigated. The pH of cookie batter decreased as the amount of black rice flour increased. Increasing proportions of black rice flour resulted in increase of width and spread factor of cookie, whereas thickness and fracturability decreased. L, a, and b values decreased as the amount of black rice flour increased. Sensory evaluation showed that supplements of 20, 25, and 20% black rice flour had the best overall preference in strong, medium, and weak flours, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.507-511
• /
• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of black pigmented rice flour which was added different amounts to the rice on the quality of colored Sulgiddeok. The sensory scores which evaluated for taste, color, flavor and texture revealed that adding 200g black pigmented rice flour to 1,000g of rice flour was the most layered and followed by add of 150g black pigmented rice flour, Degree of lightness and yellowness were decreased as increasing of black pigmented rice flour while redness was enhanced accordingly. Addition of 7∼9% sugar to the colored Sulgiddeok was the most layered. The values of springness, gumminess, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, hardness and chewiness showed decreasing tendency as increasing of black pigmented rice flour addition.