• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2004

Sclerotinia sp. (isolate BWC98-105) causes stem blight and root rot in Leghum sp., and is presently being evaluated as a potential mycoherbicide for the control of Trifoliorium repens. Bioassays have shown that Sclerotinia sp. produces phytotoxic substance which is biologically active against T. repens. Two biologically active compounds, designated as compoundsI and II, were produced in vitro from the culture filtrate of BWC98-105 isolate Sclerotium sp. Compounds I and II were purified by means of liquid-liquid extraction and $C_{18}$ open column chromatography (300 ${\times}$ 30 mm, i.d). To determine the purity, the purified compounds were analyzed by RP-HPLC. The analytical RP-HPLC column was a TOSOH ODS-120T (150 ${\times}$ 4.6 mm i.d, Japan), of which the flow rate was set at 0.7 mL/min using the linear gradient solvent system initiated with 15 % methanol to 85 % methanol for 50 min with monitoring at 254 nm. Under these RP-HPLC conditions, compounds I and II eluted at 3.49 and 4.13 min, respectively. Compound II was found to be most potent and host specific. However, compound I had a unique antibiotic activity against phytopathogenic bacteria like bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas oryzae) on rice, where it played a less important role in producing toxicity on T. repens. No toxin activity was detected in the water fraction after partitioning with several organic solvents. However, toxin activity was detected in the ethyl acetate and butanol fractions. In the leaf bioassay using compound II, the disease first appeared within 4-5 h as water soaked rot, which subsequently developed into well-defined blight affecting the whole plant.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.119-123
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• 2003

양파를 80% ethanol로 추출하여 Sephadek LH-20 column chromatography로 fraction I, II 및 III의 생리활성물질을 분리하여 angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE), xanthine oxidase, tyrosinase의 저해작용 효과와 지질대사를 검토하였다 Fraction I과 II의 ACE 저해작용은 50 ppm 농도에서 80% 이상의 효소 저해효과를 나타내었고 fraction III에서는 500 ppm 농도에서 90% 효소저해작용을 보였다. 100 ppm 농도에서 fraction III의 xantine oxidase 효소저해 효과는 82.5%로 나타났으며 tyrosinase의 저해효과는 42.6%이었다. 효소저해작용이 가장 강한 fraction III를 2개월 동안 고지방식이에 첨가하여 혈장 및 간장에서 지질대사에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 혈장에서는 총지질, 중성지질이 대조군에 비하여 유의성 있게 감소하였다. 간의 콜레스테롤량도 약 50% 정도 감소하는 결과를 얻었다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.171-176
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• 1999

Chrysanthemum showed worse grow of wilt to death during summer at the field which is Allium fistulosum (welsh onion) plants had been cultivated. This study was carried out to analysis of activative inhibitors of chrysanthemum from root exudate of Allium fistulosum. Bioassay experiments with welsh onion root exudate were conducted and the biologically active compounds were determined. The results were obtained as follows. The root exudate of welsh onion inhibited root and hypocotyl growth of chrysanthemum and lettuce at low concentration(10ppm). The inhibitory effects was higher in closed bottom box but with drain hole than in open bottom box plot. The inhibitory substance contained in root exudate was analysed as vanillic acid. This phenolic acid was also detected in stem-leaf and root of welsh onion.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2005

The term pharmacognosy as applied to a constituent scientific discipline of Korean Medical Food (KMF) has been in use for nearly several years, and it refers to studies on the pharmacological properties of natural products foods. During the last half of the 20th century, pharmacognosy for KMF evolved from being a descriptive botanical subject to one having a more chemical and biological focus. At the beginning of the 21st century, teaching pharmacognosy for KMF teaching in academic culinary arts and natural healing institutions has been given new relevance as a result of the explosive growth in the use of herbal foods (health foods) in modern KMF practice. In turn, pharmacognosy for KMF research areas are continuing to expand, and now include aspects of cellular and molecular biology in relation to natural products, ethnobotany and phytotherapy, in addition to the more traditional analytical method development and phytochemistry. Examples are provided in this review of promising bioactive compounds obtained in two multidisciplinary natural product KMF development and discovery projects, aimed at the elucidation of new plant-derived cancer chemotherapeutic agents and novel cancer chemopreventives, respectively. The systematic study of KMF offers pharmacognosy groups an attractive new area of research, ranging from investigating the biologically active principles of KMF and their mode of action and potential active substance interactions, to sanitary and quality control, and involvement in clinical trials.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2014년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.19-19
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• 2014

Pleurotus ostreatus, P. eryngii, and Flammulina velutipes are major edible mushrooms that account for over 89% of total mushroom production in Korea. Recently, Agrocybe cylindracea, Hypsizygus marmoreus, and Hericium erinaceu are increasingly being cultivated in mushroom farms. In Korea, the production of edible mushrooms was estimated to be 614,224 ton in 2013. Generally, about 5 kg of mushroom substrate is needed to produce 1 kg of mushroom, and consequently about 25 million tons of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is produced each year in Korea. Because this massive amount of SMC is unsuitable for reuse in mushroom production, it is either used as garden fertilizer or deposited in landfills, which pollutes the environment. It is reasonably assumed that SMS includes different secondary metabolites and extracellular enzymes produced from mycelia on substrate. Three major groups of enzymes such as cellulases, xylanases, and lignin degrading enzymes are involved in breaking down mushroom substrates. Cellulase and xylanase have been used as the industrial enzymes involving the saccharification of biomass to produce biofuel. In addition, lignin degrading enzymes such as laccases have been used to decolorize the industrial synthetic dyes and remove environmental pollutions such as phenolic compounds. Basidiomycetes produce a large number of biologically active compounds that show antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, cytotoxic or hallucinogenic activities. However, most previous researches have focused on therapeutics and less on the control of plant diseases. SMS can be considered as an easily available source of active compounds to protect plants from fungal and bacterial infections, helping alleviate the waste disposal problem in the mushroom industry and creating an environmentally friendly method to reduce plant pathogens. We describe extraction of lignocellulytic enzymes and antimicrobial substance from SMSs of different edible mushrooms and their potential applications.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.265-278
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• 2014

Microbes such as bacteria, fungi, archaea, protists, and viruses are ubiquitous and people are exposed to them continuously. Endotoxin is a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and a potent proinflammaotry substance. When a person is exposed to environmental endotoxin, an innate immune response is initiated upon the initial recognition and this response produces various inflammatory mediators and recruits inflammatory cells to the exposed tissues. A purified chemical form of endotoxin is called lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the lipid A portion of the molecule is a biologically active moiety. Exposure to endotoxin may result in various complex health effects depending on time, route, and dose of exposure, as well as host susceptibility. Gene-environment interactions play important roles in health effects of endotoxin exposure, e.g. development or aggravation of asthma. To accurately assess exposure to endotoxin in environmental or epidemiologic studies, methods of sampling, extraction, and analysis must be carefully selected since the selected methods may substantially affect analytical results and there is no internationally-agreed standard method to date. The lack of a standardized method hampers the establishment of exposure-response relationships. While an internationally-agreed health-based exposure limit does not exist, the Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Safety recently recommended $90EU/m^3$ as a health-based occupational exposure limit. The current article reviews various scientific issues on how we measure environmental endotoxin and the health effects of endotoxin exposure.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.110-113
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• 2006

Prolyl endopeptidase (PEP, EC 3.4.21.26, also referred to as prolyl oligopeptidase) degrades proline containing, biologically active neuropeptides such as vasopressin, substance P and thyrotropin-releasing hormone by cleaving peptide bonds on carboxyl side of prolyl residue within neuropeptides of less than 30 amino acids. Evaluation of PEP levels in postmortem brains of Alzheimer's disease patients revealed significant increases in PEP activity. Therefore, a specific PEP inhibitor can be a good candidate of drug against memory loss. Upon our examination for PEP inhibitory activity from micronutrients, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) showed small but significant PEP inhibition (13% PEP inhibition at $8{\mu}g{\cdot}ml^{-1}$). Palmitic acid showed almost no PEP inhibition. However, 6-O-palmitoyl ascorbic acid ($\underline{1}$) showed 70% PEP inhibition at $8{\mu}g{\cdot}ml^{-1}$ indicating that hydrophobic portion of the compound $\underline{1}$ may facilitate the inhibitory effect. $IC_{50}$ value of compound $\underline{1}$ was $12.6{\pm}0.2{\mu}M$. The primary and secondary Lineweaver Burk and Dixon plots for compound $\underline{1}$ indicated that it is a non-competitive inhibitor with inhibition constant (Ki) value of $23.7{\mu}M$.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제20권
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• pp.25-31
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• 2002

1. 꽃무릇으로부터 용매를 다르게 하여 잎과 인경의 MeOH와 수용추출물을 bioassay 한 결과, 농도가 5% 및 10%로 증가하였을 때는 전혀 발아되지 않았으며, 1%에서는 근장이 크게 억제되었다. 용매간의 추출효과에는 차이가 없었으나, 상추의 생장에서는 인경추출액이 잎추출액보다 억제효과가 다소 높은 것으로 보였다. 2. 꽃무릇의 인경을 추출하여 UV를 조사하였을 때 Rf 0.49-0.52에서 보인 spot는 GC-MS에 의해 lycoris alkaloid계통의 lycorenan으로 동정되었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.211-217
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• 2021

The treatments of nervous system diseases (NSDs) have long been difficult issues for researchers because of their complexity of pathogenesis. With the advent of aging society, searching for effective treatments of NSDs has become a hot topic. Ginseng polysaccharides (GP), as the main biologically active substance in ginseng, has various biological properties in immune-regulation, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation and etc. Considering the association between the effects of GP and the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, many related experiments have been conducted in recent years. In this paper, we reviewed previous studies about the effects and mechanisms of GP on diseases related to nervous system. We found GP play an ameliorative role on NSDs through the regulation of immune system, inflammatory response, oxidative damage and signaling pathway. Structure-activity relationship was also discussed and summarized. In addition, we provided new insights into GP as promising neuroprotective agent for its further development and utilization.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.153-157
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• 2008

생리활성이 뛰어난 마카의 지질 분획으로부터 macamides를 분리 동정하기 위해 본 연구에서는 초임계 이산화탄소 추출을 통해 마카 지질 추출물을 제조하여 재순환 분취용 HPLC로부터 2종의 macamides 물질을 분리 정제하였다. 분리된 2종의 macamides 물질의 구조 해석을 위해 LC/MS와 $^1H$-NMR과 $^{13}C$-NMR 분석을 실시한 결과 분자량이 384인 N-benzyl-5-oxo-6E,8E-octadecadienamide와 분자량이 346인 N-benzylhexadecanamide로 동정되었다. 본 연구를 통해 분리된 2종의 macamides는 향후 마카분말 및 마카제품의 macamides의 지표물질로 활용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.