• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.248-252
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• 2010

This study presented a development of a phototactic apparatus for pest monitoring. We carried out behavioral experiment against various pest species by using the phototactic chamber. Consequently, the phototactic apparatus was confirmed suitable result of behavioral experiment. Therefore, we believed that the test apparatus help to understand the phototactic responses of various pests.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2017

Error-free replication and repair of DNA are pivotal to organisms for faithful transmission of their genetic information. Cells orchestrate complex signaling networks that sense and resolve DNA damage. Post-translational protein modifications by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins, including SUMO and NEDD8, are critically involved in DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA damage tolerance (DDT). The expression of interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), the first identified ubiquitin-like protein, has recently been shown to be induced under various DNA damage conditions, such as exposure to UV, camptothecin, and doxorubicin. Here we overview the recent findings on the role of ISG15 and its conjugation to target proteins (e.g., p53,$ {\Delta}Np63{\alpha}$, and PCNA) in the control of cellular responses to genotoxic stress, such as the inhibition of cell growth and tumorigenesis.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.420-443
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• 2012

An Individual-Based Model (IBM) was developed by employing natural and toxic survival rates of individuals to elucidate the community responses of benthic macroin-vertebrates to anthropogenic disturbance in the streams. Experimental models (dose-response and relative sensitivity) and mathematical models (power law and negative exponential distribution) were applied to determinate the individual survival rates due to acute toxicity in stressful conditions. A power law was additionally used to present the natural survival rate. Life events, covering movement, exposure to contaminants, death and reproduction, were simulated in the IBM at the individual level in small (1 m) and short (1 week) scales to produce species abundance distributions (SADs) at the community level in large (5 km) and long (1~2 years) scales. Consequently, the SADs, such as geometric series, log-series, and log-normal distribution, were accordingly observed at severely (Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP<10), intermediately (BMWP<40) and weakly (BMWP${\geq}50$) polluted sites. The results from a power law and negative exponential distribution were suitably fitted to the field data across the different levels of pollution, according to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The IBMs incorporating natural and toxic survival rates in individuals were useful for presenting community responses to disturbances and could be utilized as an integrative tool to elucidate community establishment processes in benthic macroin-vertebrates in the streams.

• BMB Reports
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• v.53 no.9
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• pp.453-457
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• 2020

The right-handed double-helical structure of DNA (B-DNA), which follows the Watson-Crick model, is the canonical form of DNA existing in normal physiological settings. Even though an alternative left-handed structure of DNA (Z-DNA) was discovered in the late 1970s, Z-form nucleic acid has not received much attention from biologists, because it is extremely unstable under physiological conditions, has an ill-defined mechanism of its formation, and has obscure biological functions. The debate about the physiological relevance of Z-DNA was settled only after a class of proteins was found to potentially recognize the Z-form architecture of DNA. Interestingly, these Z-DNA binding proteins can bind not only the left-handed form of DNA but also the equivalent structure of RNA (Z-RNA). The Z-DNA/RNA binding proteins present from viruses to humans function as important regulators of biological processes. In particular, the proteins ADAR1 and ZBP1 are currently being extensively re-evaluated in the field to understand potential roles of the noncanonical Z-conformation of nucleic acids in host immune responses and human disease. Despite a growing body of evidence supporting the biological importance of Z-DNA/RNA, there remain many unanswered principal questions, such as when Z-form nucleic acids arise and how they signal to downstream pathways. Understanding Z-DNA/RNA and the sensors in different pathophysiological conditions will widen our view on the regulation of immune responses and open a new door of opportunity to develop novel types of immunomodulatory therapeutic possibilities.

• ALGAE
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.203-215
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• 2023

Oomycete pathogens are one of the most serious threats to the rapidly growing global algae aquaculture industry but research into how they spread and how algae respond to infection is unresolved, let alone a proper classification of the pathogens. Even the taxonomy of the genera Pythium and Olpidiopsis, which contain the most economically damaging pathogens in red algal aquaculture, and are among the best studied, needs urgent clarification, as existing morphological classifications and molecular evidence are often inconsistent. Recent studies have reported a number of genes involved in defense responses against oomycete pathogens in red algae, including pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity. Accumulating evidence also suggests that calcium-mediated reactive oxygen species signaling plays an important role in the response of red algae to oomycete pathogens. Current management strategies to control oomycete pathogens in aquaculture are based on the high resistance of red algae to abiotic stress, these have environmental consequences and are not fully effective. Here, we compile a revised list of oomycete pathogens known to infect marine red algae and outline the current taxonomic situation. We also review recent research on the molecular and cellular responses of red algae to oomycete infection that has only recently begun, and outline the methods currently used to control disease in the field.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1998.10b
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• pp.218.1-218
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• 1998

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2006

We identified differentially expressed genes in RAW264.7 cells in response to single and double ligand treatments (LPS, $IFN{\gamma}$, 2MA, LPS plus $IFN{\gamma}$, and LPS plus 2MA). The majority of the regulated transcripts responded additively to dual ligand treatment. However, a significant fraction responded in a non-additive fashion. Several cytokines showing non-additive transcriptional responses to dual ligand treatment also showed non-additive protein production/secretion responses in separately performed experiments. Many of the genes with non-additive responses to LPS plus 2MA showed enhanced responses and encoded pro-inflammatory proteins. LPS plus $IFN{\gamma}$ appeared to induce both non-additive enhancement and non-additive attenuation of gene expression. The affected genes were associated with a variety of biological functions. These experiments reveal both dependent and independent regulatory pathways and point out the specific nature of the regulatory interactions.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 1990

Frequency responses of ambulatory electrocardiogram systems were measured. Phase shift was assessed by our improved Wagner's method. The characteristics of the systems were found much worse than that of ordinary ECG equipment both in gain and phase responses. The decay of -3dB in amplitude observed in 0.2Hz and the lead of 45 dog in phase was observed in 0.6Hz. In order to investigate which of these 2 responses play major role in generating false S -T deviation, mathe- matical filters were Composed in a computer and actual ECGs were fed. The false S-T deviation were found to be caused mostly by enormous lead in phase, and then, the compensation circuit to diminish the lead in phase was inserted in the commercial systemes. The compensated systems showed no false deviation in S-T segment.

• BMB Reports
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.56-64
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• 2023

Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient required for plant growth and crop production. However, N in soil is usually insufficient for plant growth. Thus, chemical N fertilizer has been extensively used to increase crop production. Due to negative effects of N rich fertilizer on the environment, improving N usage has been a major issue in the field of plant science to achieve sustainable production of crops. For that reason, many efforts have been made to elucidate how plants regulate N uptake and utilization according to their surrounding habitat over the last 30 years. Here, we provide recent advances focusing on regulation of N uptake, allocation of N by N transporting system, and signaling pathway controlling N responses in plants.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1992 no.05
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• pp.184-185
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• 1992

This paper investigates the EEG waveform distortions caused by the transient responses of the various types of signal conditioning filters, which are generally introduced for the automated EEG analysis. This study explicitly simulates the filter responses to the typical EEG waveform models, and compares the distortions.