• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.155-160
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• 1995

To evaluate the nutritive values of outdoor mass cultivated Spirulina platensis both chemical analysis and bioassay were carried out using adult cockerels. Blue-green algae, Spirulina platensis contained about 71g /l00g DM of crude protein with balanced amino acid profiles although methionine is liable to he limiting to animals. Compared to fish meal, calcium content and calcium : phosphorus ratio of the Spirulina were not suitable in terms of animal requirements. Reasonable amount of y-linolenic acid(C18: 3 $\omega$6) in Spirulina platensis draws a clinical attention due to its historically recognized pharmacotheraputic functions. Metabolizable energy contents of Spirulina were 3.67 and 3.11 mcal /kg DM for TMEn and AMFn, respectively, which therefore, can he a reliable energy source for poultry. True amino acid availabilities of essential amino acids of Spirulina platensis were higher than 90% for poultry, which is better than comparative ingredient like fish meal. Overall data from both chemical analysis and bioassay demonstrated that the Spirulina platensis could he a favorable protein feedstuffs for poultry.

• BMB Reports
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.443-450
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• 1995

Cloned staphylococcal peptidoglycan hydrolase was used in determining the physiological characteristics of peptidoglycan hydrolase. This enzyme hydrolyzed the bacterial cell walls and released the N-terminal alanine, but not the reducing groups. This cloned gene product was localized in the cytoplasm of transformed Escherichia coli. Activity gels indicated the enzyme had an Mr of about 54,000, which was consistent with the deduced Mr from sequencing of the cloned gene. The activity bound to CM-cellulose but not DEAE-cellulose resin, indicating it as a basic protein. Enhanced enzyme activity in a low concentration of cations, and inhibited enzyme activity in a solution with dissolved phospholipids, suggested that the activity and the availability of this basic protein may be regulated between negatively charged and positively charged cellular molecules. The activity against boiled crude cell wall was much greater than against purifed cell wall, suggesting protein associated with crude cell wall may aid in the binding of the peptidoglycan hydrolase The cloned peptidoglycan hydrolase showed positive activity on whole cells of some lysostaphin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci. The cloned enzyme may be an alternative for lysostaphin for lysis of staphylococci.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1994 no.05
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• pp.72-74
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• 1994

This paper describes the effect of autonomic nervous activity on Heart rate variability and peripheral blood pressure with power spectral analysis and its characteristics of chaotic attractors. The aim of this paper is to access the applicability of spectral and dimension analysis of heart rate variability and peripheral blood pressure, attributed to changes in autonomic nervous system activity. About 60 mininutes of Heart rates and synchronized peripheral blood pressure were recorded on 10 healthy man while various mental and physical conditions. The results shows the availability to evaluate the autonomic nervous activities.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.435-438
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• 2003

Iron required by all organisms is related with diverse biological processes. Most eukaryotes need extra iron to maintain their nutrition balance. However, extra iron supplement gives many problem to solubility in the cells. To increase the bio-availability of iron in cells, yeast was applied to carry the iron with solubility. Selection of yeast mutants with enhanced iron uptake were performed by mutagenesis using the alkylation agent EMS. Eleven mutant strains with enhanced iron uptake were selected by the measurement of iron content with atomic absorption spectrometer. The iron content in mutants was 1.5- to 2.5-fold more than that in wild-type. These mutants could be served as iron-fortified nutrients for food and feed.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.169-173
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• 2000

Seasonal distribution of ectomycorrhizal associations in various types of forest in a boreal forest in Manitoba. Canada was investigated. Alsohe relationship between ectomycorrhizal growth and pine pollen nutrients was examined. In four different forest stands, ectomycorrhizas tended to be lower in the spring than in the summer and fall samples. In addition. a mature jack pine (Pinus banksiana) stand showed higher mycorrhizal activities than a young jack pine stand. Growth of Suillus brevipes hyphae wa ts stimulated by additions of pollen representing mean pollen deposition in Mistik Creek study area after 30 and 70 days of growth with dextrose availability. This result suggests that the peak ectomycorrhizal activity is followed by pollen deposition in the study region and therefore, addition of pine and spruce pollen in early or middle of June in the boreal forest can be an important seasonal nutrient source for ectomycorrhizal growth.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.229-239
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• 2009

Molecular imaging strives to visualize processes in living subjects at the molecular level. Monitoring biochemical processes at this level will allow us to directly track biological processes and signaling events that lead to pathophysiological abnormalities, and help make personalized medicine a reality by allowing evaluation of therapeutic efficacies on an individual basis. Although most molecular imaging techniques emerged from the field of oncology, they have now gradually gained acceptance by the cardiovascular community. Hence, the availability of dedicated high-resolution small animal imaging systems and specific targeting imaging probes is now enhancing our understanding of cardiovascular diseases and expediting the development of newer therapies. Examples include imaging approaches to evaluate and track the progress of recent genetic and cellular therapies for treatment of myocardial ischemia. Other areas include in vivo monitoring of such key molecular processes as angiogenesis and apoptosis, Cardiovascular molecular imaging is already an important research tool in preclinical experiments. The challenge that lies ahead is to implement these techniques into the clinics so that they may help fulfill the promise of molecular therapies and personalized medicine, as well as to resolve disappointments and controversies surrounding the field.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2000

Soil samples were collected in thirteen Manitoba boreal forest sites. Spatial distribution of chytrids from diverse boreal forest microhabitats was investigated by baiting with jack pine pollen. After baiting, the pollen was surveyed for chytrids for 8 ten day period and individual species were counted. Total infestations of pollen by chytrids ranged from 5.8% to 90.2% from various soils. Each site with high infestation was characterized by litter with high needle content while mineral soil or soil with limited organic matter yielded low levels of pollen infestation. Species diversity tended to be higher in soils with higher pollen infestation and lower in soils with lower pollen infestation. Lower diversity was generally observed in mineral soils or soils with a limited organic horizon comprised, in part, of broad leaf litter. Based on coefficients of association and species in common among species across the collection sites, it was possible to relate dominant species assemblages in site groups. These species assemblages in the site groups suggest that the chytrids are distributed by litter and soil types. It can be concluded that the substratum characteristics of litter types and availability of litter may be important in describing chytrid distribution in boreal forest sites.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.148-160
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• 1999

In order to strengthen objectivity and availability of oriental herb medicine, the standard formula for herbs has been attempted to set up by documentary testing original herbs which were recorded in authorized document. The object herb medicines are CARYOPHYLLI FLOS. After this study, additional experimental verification is required as a matter of fact. As comparison materials, this thesis will be utilized. Specially the internal and external morphological standard in this study is expected to supply the search for several physiochemical reaction, biological reaction, determination of indicator material and identification of gene with basic sources in the future.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.171-182
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• 2024

All cells are equipped with intricate signaling networks to meet the energy demands and respond to the nutrient availability in the body. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is among the most potent regulators of cellular energy balance. Under ATP -deprived conditions, AMPK phosphorylates substrates and affects various biological processes, such as lipid/glucose metabolism and protein synthesis. These actions further affect the cell growth, death, and functions, altering the cellular outcomes in energy-restricted environments. AMPK plays vital roles in maintaining good health. AMPK dysfunction is observed in various chronic diseases, making it a promising target for preventing and alleviating such diseases. Herein, we highlight the different AMPK functions, especially in allergy, aging, and cancer, to facilitate the development of new therapeutic approaches in the future.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.131-142
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• 2004

In recent years, adjuvants have received much attention because of the development of purified subunit and synthetic vaccines which are poor immunogens and require adjuvants to evoke the immune response. Therefore, immunologic adjuvants have been developed and testing for most of this century. During the last years much progress has been made on development, isolation and chemical synthesis of alternative adjuvants such as derivatives of muramyl dipeptide, monophosphoryl lipid A, liposomes, QS-21, MF-59 and immunostimulating complexes (ISCOMS). Biodegradable polymer microspheres are being evaluated for targeting antigens on mucosal surfaces and for controlled release of vaccines with an aim to reduce the number of doses required for primary immunization. The most common adjuvants for human use today are aluminum hydroxide and aluminum phosphate. Calcium phosphate and oil emulsions have been also used in human vaccination. The biggest issue with the use of adjuvants for human vaccines is the toxicity and adverse side effects of most of the adjuvant formulations. Other problems with the development of adjuvants include restricted adjuvanticity of certain formulations to a few antigens, use of aluminum adjuvants as reference adjuvant preparations under suboptimal conditions, non-availability of reliable animal models, use of non-standard assays and biological differences between animal models and humans leading to the failure of promising formulations to show adjuvanticity in clinical trials. The availability of hundreds of different adjuvants has prompted a need for identifying rational standards for selection of adjuvant formulations based on safety and sound immunological principles for human vaccines. The aim of the present review is to put the recent findings into a broader perspective to facilitate the application of these adjuvants in general and experimental vaccinology.