• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.119-122
• /
• 2015

It is very useful and important to see the status and change of necessary parts in a short period through selecting and observing the bioindicator continually to forecast and prepare the future. Especially, living things are so closely related to the environment that the indicator between the environment and living things shows close interrelationship. Also, the indicator related to environment provides information about representative or decisive environmental phenomenon and is used to simplify complicated facts. Considering wide range of background and application including various indicators such as the change-, destruction-, pollution-, and restoration of habitats, climate change, and species diversity, the closest category includes "environmental indicator," "ecological indicator," and "biodiversity indicator." The selection and use of bioindicator is complicated and difficult. The necessary conditions for the indicator selection are flexible and greatly depend on the goals of investigation such as the indicator for biological diversity investigation of specific area, the indicator for habitat destruction, the indicator for climate change, and the indicator for polluted area. It should meet many various conditions to select a good indicator. In this study, eleven selection standards are established based on domestic and overseas studies on bioindicator selection: species with clear classification and ecology, species distributed in geographically widespread area, species that show clear habitat characteristics, species that can provide early warning for a change, species that are easy and economically benefited for the investigation, species that have many independent individual groups and that is not greatly affected by the size of individual groups, species that is thought to represent the response of other species, species that represent the ecology change caused by the pressure of human influence, species for which researches on climate change have been done, species that is easy to observe, appears for a long time and forms a group with many individuals, and species that are important socially, economically, and culturally.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.55-60
• /
• 2005

The occurrence and abundance of protozoa at advanced wastewater treatment plant were compared with operating parameters and effluent quality using statistical procedures. In correlation analysis between the distribution of protozoa and operating parameters, the distribution of protozoa was showed the operating condition of plant. Regression analysis between the distribution of protozoa and effluent quality up to 7 days, showed the R-square values of most regression equation were more than 0.6 and constant was higher than slope and could indicate effluent quality from sampling day to 7 days. Once enough data concerning protozoa, operating parameters and effluent has been gathered, the operator has a valuable tool for predicting plant performance and near-future effluent quality based on microscopic examination. Plant operator manipulates operating conditions if he knows near-future data of effluent is deteriorating. Perhaps more importantly it can be used to actually control the plant to adjust the operating conditions to obtain the protozoal populations that have been shown to provide the best effluent quality.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2012

In spite of colossal efforts taken for safe handling and storage of radioactive waste, the uncontrolled release of radiocesium ($^{137}Cs$ and $^{134}Cs$ isotopes) into the natural environment is inevitable. $^{137}Cs$ is of particular concern because of its long half-life, ability to transfer into biota through food chains, as well as its great mobility, bioavailability, and chemical and ecophysiological similarity with potassium. Radiocesium is released anthropogenically into the environment. Mushrooms are known for their ability to accumulate radionuclides, particularly radiocesium, which is heterogeneously distributed in the individual parts of mushrooms, and it is found that mushrooms are a hyper-accumulator of radiocesium from their environment than other vegetation. Mushrooms play a major role in the mobilization, accumulation, and translocation of cesium, i.e., decontamination of soils (mycoextraction) polluted with cesium radioisotopes, and this capacity appears to be a relevant bioindicator of cesium contamination in the environment. Moreover, the extension of mycelium into the soil makes the use of mushrooms as bioindicators of radiocesium possible. This paper reviews the potential of mushrooms in the accumulation of radiocesium from the environment, and dissertates the salient features to support the employment of mushrooms in environmental biomonitoring as a sensitive bioindicator of radiocesium contamination.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.120-123
• /
• 1979

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.35-39
• /
• 2012

In the current study, several carabid beetle species were proposed as potential biological indicators for different habitat types (levee, upland dike, hillock, and streamside) of agricultural landscapes focusing on agrobiont species. Synuchus arcuaticollis and Synuchus orbicollis were found in all habitat types, indicating that they are general species for all habitat types. Harpalus eous and Synuchus cycloderus are potential bioindicator species for the paddy levee and hillock habitats, respectively. Amara pseudosimplicidens, Anisodactylus punctatipennis, and Chlaenius ocreatus, which occurred widely, and Bembidion morawitzi, which occurred only in the streamside habitat, are potential bioindicators for the streamside habitat.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.17 no.9
• /
• pp.943-947
• /
• 2008

For the purpose of safety identification, the concentrations of heavy metals in seaweeds collected from Busan Gijang coastal area were investigated. The average concentration of metals had a level of as high as the order of manganese (2.76 ppm)>zinc(2.11 ppm)>copper(0.59 ppm)>arsenic (0.092 ppm)>lead(0.06 ppm)> mercury(0.03 ppm)>cadmium(0.026 ppm). The contents of manganese and zinc were highly detected from P. elliptica, copper and mercury from agar, cadmium from sea mustard and arsenic from wild sea mustard, respectively. The metal contents of seaweeds varied with kinds of samples, but high level for the safety can be found in these samples. Because P. elliptica had shown a clear selectivity for both manganese and zinc, this seaweed could be useful as a bioindicator for these two metal pollution.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.56-64
• /
• 2005

The occurrence and abundance of protozoa at advanced wastewater treatment plant were compared with operating parameters and effluent quality using statistical procedures. It seemed that plant operating conditions influenced the distribution of protozoa in the mixed liquor. In statistical analysis, the distribution of protozoa showed the operating condition of plant and predicted effluent quality. Once enough data concerning protozoa, operating parameters and effluent has been gathered, the operator has a valuable tool for predicting plant performance and near-future effluent quality based on microscopic examination. Plant operator manipulates operating conditions if he knows near-future effluent quality is deteriorating. Perhaps more importantly it can be used to actually control the plant to adjust the operating conditions to obtain the protozoal populations that have been shown to provide the best effluent quality.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.81-86
• /
• 2007

Human activities have enhanced the influx of heavy metals to aquatic ecosystem and hanged the abiotic environment such as the sediments supporting benthic organisms. The levels of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the benthic gastropod Oxyloma hirasei and the sediments around their habitat were investigated to examine heavy metal levels and the potential of the gastropod as a bioindicator. We detected different levels of heavy metals in the sediments of two wetland areas, Upo and Mokpo, in the relatively well-conserved Upo wetland, Ramsar Convention Area. Oxyloma hirasei had higher concentrations of heavy metals except Cr and Ni in their soft tissues than in their shells (Cd: $2.10{\sim}3.16$, Cu: $19.73{\sim}28.66$, Pb: $0.67{\sim}1.17$, Zn: $216.1{\sim}285.7\;{\mu}g/g$ dry weight in the soft tissues; Cr: $1.19{\sim}2.58$, Ni: $0.47{\sim}1.16\;{\mu}g/g$ dry weight in the shells). Differences in the Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb concentrations in O. hirasei soft tissues reflected differences in heavy metal concentrations in the sediments at the sampling sites. The coefficients of variation for Cd, Cu and Pb were lower than those for other metals in the soft tissues. Levels of Cd in the tissues of O. hirasei were the highest among the metals examined in this study. Therefore, the soft tissue of O. hirasei appears to be a promising bioindicator particularly for Cd.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.453-460
• /
• 2006

Upo wetland is the largest inland wetland in Korea as Ramsar Convention Area. The purposes of the study were to investigate the levels of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the sediment and Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata from three sites of the wetland and to assess the potential of the gastropod as a bioindicator for heavy metal levels. The gastropods were dissected into shell and soft tissue without the digestive and excretive organs. The levels of Cd, Cu and Pb were below the guideline of Soil Environment Conservation Act and the heavy metals except Cr were slightly different among the sites. Cd was higher in Upo site ($0.32{\mu}g/g$) than Sajipo site ($0.28{\mu}g/g$). Cu and Zn showed the highest value in Sajipo as $43.5{\mu}g/g\;and\;39.8{\mu}g/g$, respectively while the concentrations of Pb and Zn were the highest in Upstream as $58.8{\mu}g/g\;and\;138{\mu}g/g$, respectively. In the soft tissues and shells of the gastropod, the overall common trend in the concentrations of the heavy metals was revealed with the following order: Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cd and Ni > Zn > Cr > Cu > Pb > Cd, respectively. Although the soft tissues exhibited higher concentrations of the heavy metals except Ni than the shell in the gastropod, the levels of Cd and Pb in the gastropod were generally below the restrictive values set up by Korea Food & Drug Administration. From Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) results, the concentrations of Pb and Zn in the sediments among the sites were reflected on the soft tissue (Pb) and the shell (Pb and Zn) of the gastropod in the same order. The lower value of coefficient of variation (CV) in Pb concentration of the shell than in that of the soft tissue supports the usefulness of the shell as a bioindicator for Pb pollution. Although the CV value in the shell was a little higher than in the soft tissue, DMRT results and the stability of incorporated Zn into the shell support the use of the shell of the gastropod as a potential bioindicator for long-term contamination of Zn.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.24-40
• /
• 1994

Marine environmintal pollution studies using bivalves as an indicator organism are described. The utility of the' Mussil Watch in providing a measure of environmental persistent pollutants is also reviewed. Finally, the data from the korea Mussel Watch in 1990 are prisented and compared with those from other regions in the world.