• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.1324-1329
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• 2007

Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) is a naturally occurring, multi-biofunctional chemical existing in grapes and various other plants as a polyphenol type, and it is one of the best known natural anticancer and antiatherosclerosis reagents. In this study, we investigated the antifungal action by resveratrol in Candida albicans, which is a human infectious fungi as an agent of candidiasis. Resveratrol displayed potent fungicidal activity in an energy-dependent manner, without any hemolytic effects against human erythrocytes. It was found that the serum-induced mycelial forms, which playa crucial role in the pathogenesis of C. albicans during host tissue invasion, were disrupted by resveratrol. To understand the correlation between lethal effects and resveratrol action, we examined the physiological changes of C. albicans. A significant accumulation of intracellular trehalose was induced by stress responses to resveratrol action, and a remarkable arrest of cell-cycle processes at the S-phase in C. albicans occured. Therefore, the fungicidal effects of resveratrol demonstrate that this compound is a potential candidate as an antifungal agent in treating infectious diseases by candidal infections.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.477-490
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• 2018

This study investigated the changes in the quality of doenjang (a fermented bean paste) with the addition of Sea tangle Saccharina japonica powder fermented by lactic acid bacteria (FSP). Doenjang was prepared without or with FSP and with various amounts of doenjang (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 3% by volume), and fermented at $25^{\circ}C$ for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, the antioxidant activity, microbiological characteristics, and physicochemical parameters were examined. We detected no significant differences in the color profiles. However, following the addition of FSP to doenjang, the amino nitrogen content and antioxidant properties were enhanced. Furthermore, the FSP-doenjang contained higher levels of ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (297.55-300.03 mg/100 g), a biofunctional ingredient. These results suggest the potential for developing a traditional Korean fermented food with enhanced antioxidant activity and ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid content using FSP.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.296-298
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• 2012

In this study, the biological activities of 33 kinds of wild mushroom methanol extracts were investigated. Boletellus elatus showed the greatest fibrinolytic activity (1.08 plasmin units/mL) in a fibrin plate assay, and the activity of Heterobasidion insulasis was 0.89 plasmin units. The thrombin inhibitory activities of Boletellus elatus and Heterobasidion insulasis were 93.32% and 93.69%, respectively. In a ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity test, Laccaria amethystina showed the greatest inhibitory activity at 81.25%. The antioxidative activities of Gomphus sp. and Geastrum lageniforme were 91.37% and 90.42%, respectively. Since Boletellus elatus and Heterobasidion insulasis have strong fibrinolytic and thrombin inhibitory and antioxidative activities, the two mushrooms can be used as material for the development of biofunctional foods for cardiovascular diseases.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.159-163
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• 2012

This study was performed to investigate the biological activities of Hericium erinaceus fruiting body, including antioxidative, fibrinolytic, thrombin inhibitory and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The water extract of H. erinaceus was fractionated into hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water fractions, and each of these fractions was individually assayed. The water extract showed high antioxidative activity at 87.78%. The water fraction showed the highest extraction yield at 35.68% (w/w). In the fraction activity tests, butanol and water fractions showed strong antioxidative activities at 87.91% and 92.27%, respectively. Assays for fibrinolytic activity indicated that only the ethyl acetate fraction has significant efficacy at 2.96 plasmin units/mL. The 10-fold dilution of hexane fraction showed high thrombin inhibitory activity, and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity at 77.67% and 90.53%, respectively. In conclusion, solvent fractions of H. erinaceus can be used as materials for the development of biofunctional foods to prevent cardiovascular diseases.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.573-580
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• 1998

The study aims to identify the mechanism (s) underlying the altered vasodilatory responses of the pial artery of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) under a hypothesis that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) exerts a modulator role in the autoregulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF). The animals were divided into four groups: 1) Sprague-Dawley rats (SDR), 2) Wistar rats (WR), 3) SHR with high blood pressure $(BP{\ge}150\;mmHg),$ and 4) SHR with normotensive BP $({\le}150\;mmHg).$ The lower limit of CBF autoregulation in SHR shifted to a higher BP $(82.8{\pm}9.3\'mmHg,\;P<0.05)$ than that in SDR $(58.9{\pm}5.7\;mmHg)$. In SHR, whether the BP levels were high or normotensive, the vasodilator responses to a stepwise hypotension were significantly attenuated unlike with SDR and WR. When artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) containing capsaicin $(3{\times}10^{-7}\;M)$ was suffused over the cortical surface, a transient increase in pial arterial diameter was observed in the SHR with high or normotensive BP. In contrast, SDR and WR showed a large increase in diameter, and the increase was sustained for over 10 minutes. In line with these results, the basal releases of CGRP-like immunoreactivity (CGRP-LI) in the isolated pial arteries from SHR with high and normotensive BP were $12.5{\pm}1.4\;and\;9.8{\pm}2.8\;fmole/mm^2/60\;min\;(P<0.05)$, while those from SDR and WR were $25.5{\pm}3.1\;and\;24.6{\pm}3.1\;fmole/mm^2/60\;min,$ respectively. The isolated basilar arteries showed similar results to those of the pial arteries in SHR. Thus, it is summarized that, in the SHR, the reduced autoregulatory vasodilator responses to stepwise hypotension and capsaicin may be, in part, ascribed to the decreased release of CGRP from the perivascular sensory nerve fibers of the pial arteries, and that altered vasomotor activity in SHR may not be related with the hypertensive tone.

• Integrative Medicine Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 2017

Background: Naringenin (NRG) is a common dietary polyphenolic constituent of fruits. NRG has diverse pharmacological activities, and is used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases including gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are pacemaker cells of the GI tract. In this study, the authors investigated the effects of NRG on ICCs and on GI motility in vitro and in vivo. Methods: ICCs were dissociated from mouse small intestines by enzymatic digestion. The whole-cell patch clamp configuration was used to record pacemaker potentials in cultured ICC clusters. The effects of NRG on GI motility were investigated by calculating percent intestinal transit rates (ITR) using Evans blue in normal mice. Results: NRG inhibited ICC pacemaker potentials in a dose-dependent manner. In the presence of tetraethylammonium chloride or iberiotoxin, NRG had no effect on pacemaker potentials, but it continued to block pacemaker potentials in the presence of glibenclamide. Preincubation with SQ-22536 had no effect on pacemaker potentials or on their inhibition by NRG. However, 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one blocked pacemaker potential inhibition by NRG. In addition, L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester blocked pacemaker potential inhibition by NRG. Furthermore, NRG significantly suppressed murine ITR enhancement by neostigmine in vivo. Conclusion: This study shows NRG dose-dependently inhibits ICC pacemaker potentials via a cyclic guanosine monophosphate/nitric oxide-dependent pathway and $Ca^{2+}$-activated $K^+$ channels in vitro. In addition, NRG suppressed neostigmine enhancement of ITR in vivo.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.66-75
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• 2022

Aloe vera has several beneficial health effects as it interacts with probiotics and is also a source of prebiotics, antioxidants, and other bioactive materials. Thus, there has been increasing interest in the development of beverages containing Aloe vera. In this investigation, sensory qualities were estimated by fortifying oil isolated from Aloe vera in non-dairy and dairy products at different concentrations (fortified with 1% increments from 0% to 5%). Because of the strong aroma and strong yellow color of aloe oil, the sensory quality values estimated in this study were generally low. However, the samples fortified with 1% aloe oil exhibited the best sensory quality values compared with the control. Consequently, the results of this study are valuable as preliminary findings to determine the various sensory qualities of kefir fortified with aloe oil. To improve sensory qualities in the future, it is necessary to estimate the optimal lowering of the concentration of fortified aloe oil, and assess whether aloe oil exhibits various biofunctional activities at different concentrations.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.189-193
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• 2011

To investigate the physiological activities of hot water extract and solvent fractions isolated from Pleurotus ferulea, antioxidative, fibrinolytic, thrombin inhibitory, and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities were examined. Pleurotus ferulea, hot water extract was fractionated into hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water fraction. Each of these was assayed individually. The antioxidative activities of ethyl acetate and butanol fractions were 86.79% and 87.82%, respectively. Using the fibrin plate method, only the ethyl acetate fraction showed a plasmin activity of 0.08 units/ml. Thrombin inhibitory activities of chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions were 74.90% and 71.08%, respectively. In the ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity test, butanol fraction showed the highest activity at 49.67%. From the above results, we anticipate that solvent fractions of Pleurotus ferulea can be used as a materials for the development of biofunctional foods for cardiovascular diseases.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.171-179
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant activity and the bioactive compounds found in 70% ethanol extracts taken from Sanguisorbae officinalis L. leaves(SO) cultivated in Korea. The extracts were tested for their total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), phenolic compounds, and antioxidative activities using various in vitro assay such as DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity, FRAP activity, and reducing power. The TPC and TFC were found to be $119.3{\pm}1.54mg$ gallic acid and $59.6{\pm}1.43mg$ rutin at mg of 70% ethanol extracts, respectively. Catechin was the major material among the phenolic compounds in SO extracts. The DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, FRAP activity, and reducing power of SO extracts were increased in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that SO extracts could be considered as a good source of natural antioxidants and functional food ingredient.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.607-614
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the anticarcinogenic and antioxidative activities of Hemicentrotus pulacherrimus (HP). HP was extracted with methanol (HPM), which was then further fractionated into four sub-fractions by using the solvent partition method, affording methanol (HPMM), hexane (HPMH), butanol (HPMB) and aqueous (HPMA) soluble fractions. We determined the anticarcinogenic activities of these four fractions in four kinds of cancer cell lines, such as HepG2, HT29, MCF-7 and B16-F10, by MTT assay. Among various fractions from HPM, the HPMH showed the strongest growth inhibition effect. We also determined the inductive effect on quinone reductase (QR) of HP fractions. HPMB fraction exhibited strong inductive effects in HepG2 cells at a level of 90 ${\mu}g/ml$, showing inductive indexes of 2.26 compared to the control value of 1.0. The antioxidant activities of fractions from HP were also investigated by measuring the scavenging activities of HP against reactive oxygen speicies (ROS), peroxynitrite (ONOO-) and NO. Among the various solvent fractions, HPMH fractions displayed marked antioxidative activities.