• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2004

Object : The purpose of this study is difference between western medicine and oriental medicine in tension headache. Methods : A literature study on the tension headache was performed. The cause, symptoms, relationship with other diseases, pathology and treatment of oriental and western medicine were investigated. Conclusion : In western medicine, tension headache is mainly caused by emotional stress, tension of head and neck musculatures. Treatments include medication, psychologic care, alteration of habits and biofeedback. Removal of muscle tension is of main interest in western medicine. In oriental medicine, tension headache is classified into internal and external problem. The imbalance of organs of spleen, liver and kidney causes headache. Hyperactivity of liver chi and deficiency of kidney yin are main source of headache. On the treatment, relieve of muscle tension and correction of bad habit are emphasized in western medicine while promotion of harmony among the internal organs is main target in oriental medicine.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.1715-1717
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• 2015

최근 의학 및 게임 분야에서 뉴로 피드백에 관한 연구들이 활발하다. 뉴로 피드백이란 뇌의 전기적 활동을 뜻하는EEG(Electroencephalogram)을 대상으로 하는 바이오피드백(biofeedback) 시스템의 일종이다. 좌 우뇌의 불균형은 불안과 우울 등의 정서적 장애를 초래한다. 본 논문에서는 좌, 우뇌 활성도를 대칭적으로 향상시켜 뇌기능의 최적화를 위한 시스템을 제안하며 뇌파를 분석하여 정서 상태 파악 후 규칙적 훈련을 통한 우울, 불안 등의 정서적 문제를 개선하는 뉴로 피드백 시스템 개발에 대한 결과를 보고한다. 실험을 통한 시스템의 검증으로 3주간 진행한 훈련 결과를 비교하였으며 그 증가율을 살펴보았다. 1주차와 3주차의 데이터를 비교해본 결과 평균적으로 26.18%의 증가율을 보였고 좌, 우뇌의 활성도의 대칭이 향상된 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1868-1872
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• 2019

Background: Lower trapezius muscle function is important for the prevention and treatment of shoulder injuries. However, scapular posterior tilt movement has been overlooked in lower trapezius strengthening exercise programs. Objective: To examine the effects of prone arm lifting with scapular posterior tilt (PALSPT) on trapezius muscles. Design: Crossover study Methods: 17 healthy males were recruited for participation in this study. Participants performed backward rocking diagonal arm lifting (BRDAL) and PALSPT. To train participants in scapular posterior tilt movements for PALSPT, visual biofeedback of scapular movements was provided using a motion sensor. Electromyography (EMG) activities of the middle and lower trapezius were recorded using a surface EMG system. Differences in middle and lower trapezius muscle activity between BRDAL and PALSPT exercises were analyzed. Results: Lower trapezius muscle activity was significantly greater during PALSPT than during BRDAL (p=.006). Although greater EMG activity was observed in the middle trapezius during PALSPT than during BRDAL, this difference was not significant (p=.055). Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that scapular posterior tilt movements must be considered in lower trapezius muscle strengthening programs.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.126-129
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• 2021

We present a patient with a primitive neuroectodermal tumor arising from the right atrium who experienced multiple syncope episodes daily, which had first appeared 1 month after surgery. The symptoms continued to worsen over the course of chemotherapy, and the autonomic function test (AFT) was performed after the 14th chemotherapy cycle. The AFT revealed orthostatic hypotension and reduced baroreflex-dependent sympathetic reactivity. Physical counterpressure techniques were applied with a visual biofeedback intervention, and were found to be effective in reducing the syncope episodes.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.70-76
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• 2015

Background and Objectives: Insomnia is the most prevalent sleep disorder in the general population and is considered to be a disorder of hyperarousal. The aim of this study was to measure the psychophysiological responses in insomnia patients using a biofeedback system, and to compare them with results from normal healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: Eighty patients with primary insomnia (35 males and 45 females, average age $49.71{\pm}12.91years$) and 101 normal healthy controls (64 males and 37 females, average age $27.65{\pm}2.77$) participated in this study. Electromyography (EMG), heart rate (HR), skin conductance (SC), skin temperature (ST), and respiratory rate (RR) were recorded using a biofeedback system during 5 phases (baseline, stress 1, recovery 1, stress 2, recovery 2) of a stress reactivity test, and average values were calculated. Difference in values between the two groups in each corresponding phase was analyzed with independent t-test, and change in values across phases of the stress reactivity test was analyzed with paired t-test (all two-tailed, p<0.05). Results: Compared to normal controls, insomnia patients had higher EMG in all 5 phases (baseline : $7.72{\pm}3.88{\mu}V$ vs. $4.89{\pm}1.73{\mu}V$, t = -6.06, p<0.001 ; stress 1 : $10.29{\pm}5.16{\mu}V$ vs. $6.63{\pm}2.48{\mu}V$, t = -5.84, p<0.001 ; recovery 1 : $7.87{\pm}3.86{\mu}V$ vs. $5.17{\pm}2.17{\mu}V$, t = -5.61, p<0.001 ; stress 2 : $10.22{\pm}6.07{\mu}V$ vs. $6.98{\pm}2.98{\mu}V$, t = -4.37, p<0.001 ; recovery 2 : $7.88{\pm}4.25{\mu}V$ vs. $5.17{\pm}1.99{\mu}V$, t = -5.27, p<0.001). Change in heart rate across phases of the stress reactivity test were higher in normal controls than in insomnia patients (stress 1-baseline : $6.48{\pm}0.59$ vs. $3.77{\pm}0.59$, t = 3.22, p = 0.002 ; recovery 1- stress 1 : $-5.36{\pm}0.0.59$ vs. $-3.16{\pm}0.47$, t = 2.91, p = 0.004 ; stress 2-recovery 1 : $8.45{\pm}0.61$ vs. $4.03{\pm}0.47$, t = 5.72, p<0.001 ; recovery 2-stress 2 : $-8.56{\pm}0.65$ vs. $4.02{\pm}0.51$, t = -5.31, p<0.001). Conclusion: Psychophysiological profiles of insomnia patients in a stress reactivity test were different from those of normal healthy controls. These results suggest that the sympathetic nervous system is more highly activated in insomnia patients.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2007

Purpose: Recently well-developed anorectal function tests have revealed that there is an obvious pelvic floor dyssynergia (PFD) pattern in pediatric patients with constipation, as well as in adult's. The use of biofeedback therapy (BT) has been widely implemented in adult PFD patients; however, this approach has only rarely been considered for pediatric PFD patients. Therefore, we assessed the effectiveness of BT in children with PFD. Methods: We studied 70 children with PFD, who were referred to the department of pediatrics at the Asan Medical Center for the management of soiling or chronic constipation from September 2002 to February 2005. Diagnosis of PFD and assessment of the efficacy of BT for PFD treatment were carried out along with several ano-rectal function tests (cine-defecography, ano-rectal manometry, balloon expulsion test and intra-anal EMG); in addition, a questionnaire was administered. The BT based intra-anal EMG was performed. A follow-up telephone interview was performed more than 6 months later. Results: Most of the symptoms and results of the ano-rectal function tests were statistically improved after BT. In comparisons between the BT and control groups (BT refusal group due to poor compliance), the symptoms were statistically improved at follow-up. Therefore, for the shortterm improvement of symptoms, BT was better than conservative therapy alone. The negative feelings associated with ano-rectal function testing and BT were directly associated with failure or success of therapy. Conclusion: Pediatric patients with constipation or soiling that presented with an obvious PFD pattern showed that BT was a useful therapeutic tool for rapid improvement of symptoms.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.239-246
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the effect of induced ametropia on static posture for body balance. Methods: Twenty subjects (10 males, 10 females) of average age $23.4{pm}2.70$ years were participated and ametropia(binocular myopia; BM, simple myopic anisometropia; SMA, binocular hyperopia; BH, and simple hyperopic anisometropia; SHA) were induced with ${pm}0.50D$, ${\pm}1.00D$, ${\pm}1.50D$, ${\pm}2.00D$, ${\pm}3.00D$, ${\pm}4.00D$, ${\pm}5.00D$, respectively. General stability (ST), weight distribution index (WDI), and fall risk index (FI) were measured using TETRAX the biofeedback systems. Each index of the body balance was evaluated for 32 seconds in each ametropic condition and those value was compared with the value in fully corrected condition. Results: The ST showed significant increase from +0.50 D under condition of BM, from +1.00 D under condition of SMA, from -1.00 D under condition of BH, and from -1.50 D under condition of SHA compared with under condition of fully corrected condition, respectively. The FI showed significant increases from +4.00 D under condition of BM, from -1.00 D under condition of BH, and from -1.50 D under condition of SHA. The WDI show no change in all ametropia condition. Conclusions: Whatever ametropia is, uncorrected refractive error could reduce the general stability of body balance and increase the falling risk.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.237-246
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to develop relaxation training contents for middle and high school archery players with considering the ecological validity of social, cultural, and sports environment in Korean but also examine the effect of developing relaxation training contents through case study approach and interviews. The relaxation training contents was based on previous researches about relaxation program. In addition, in order to develop the program 3 archery experts and 2 sport psychologists had meetings. The relaxation training contents categorized as orientation, breathing regulation, progressive relaxation training, cognitive restructuring, meditation, heart rate biofeedback training, autogenic training, behavior therapy, self regulation. The experimental group were 6 male Korean national archery substitute players, who were selected in 2007. The effects was examined on competitive state anxiety inventory-2, heart rates, archery score and interviews. As the result of applying the developed program of this study on the field, competitive state anxiety, somatic state anxiety and heart rate were decreased. In the interviews athletes told that they were relaxed psychologically and physically. This result demonstrated the relaxation training program were effective.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.14
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• pp.6033-6038
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• 2015

Background: Experience of lung cancer includes negative impacts on both physical and psychological health. Pain is one of the negative experiences of lung cancer. Cognitive behavioral therapy techniques are often recommended as treatments for lung cancer pain. The objective of this review was to synthesize the evidence on the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy techniques in treating lung cancer pain. This review considered studies that included lung cancer patients who were required to 1) be at least 18 years old; 2) speak and read English or Thai; 3) have a life expectancy of at least two months; 4) experience daily cancer pain requiring an opioid medication; 5) have a positive response to opioid medication; 6) have "average or usual" pain between 4 and 7 on a scale of 0-10 for the day before the clinic visit or for a typical day; and 7) able to participate in a pain evaluation and treatment program. This review considered studies to examine interventions for use in treatment of pain in lung cancer patients, including: biofeedback, cognitive/attentional distraction, imagery, hypnosis, and meditation. Any randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined cognitive behavioral therapy techniques for pain specifically in lung cancer patients were included. In the absence of RCTs, quasi-experimental designs were reviewed for possible conclusion in a narrative summary. Outcome measures were pain intensity before and after cognitive behavioural therapy techniques. The search strategy aimed to find both published and unpublished literature. A three-step search was utilised by using identified keywords and text term. An initial limited search of MEDLINE and CINAHL was undertaken followed by analysis of the text words contained in the title and abstract, and of the index terms used to describe the article. A second search using all the identified keywords and index terms was then undertaken across all included databases. Thirdly, the reference list of all identified reports and articles were searched for additional studies. Searches were conducted during January 1991- March 2014 limited to English and Thai languages with no date restriction. Materials and Methods: All studies that met the inclusion criteria were assessed for methodological quality by three reviewers using a standardized critical appraisal tool from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Three reviewers extracted data independently, using a standardized data extraction tool from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Ideally for quantitative data meta-analysis was to be conducted where all results were subject to double data entry. Odds ratios (for categorical data) and weighted mean differences (for continuous data) and their 95% confidence intervals were to be calculated for analysis and heterogeneity was to be assessed using the standard Chi-square. Where statistical pooling was not possible the finding were be presented in narrative form. Results: There were no studies located that met the inclusion requirements of this review. There were also no text and opinion pieces that were specific to cognitive behavioral therapy techniques pain and lung cancer patients.Conclusions: There is currently no evidence available to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy techniques for pain in lung cancer patients.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2007

Pain is subjective and greatly influenced by prior experiences, but it is real. Pain associated with an organic(objective) pathology is more easily explained and treated. However, atypical or unexplainable pain is usually a source of greater confusion and frustration. Pain may be divided into four general diagnostic categories. 1) pain with anatomic features and objective findings 2) pain with anatomic features and without objective findings 3) pain with non-anatomic features associated with stress and somatization 4) pain with non-anatomic features associated with perceived physical injury. There is a well-established relationship between emotional, physical and/or sexual abuse history and development of chronic pain. It has been suggested that the link between somatization and abuse involves a paradoxical pattern of hiding feelings and reality, while seeking acknowledgment of suffering. History of abuse may physiologically and developmentally increase a person's susceptability to pain and organic changes can be associated with psychogenic disease. Patients with chronic pain should be treated with multidisciplinary approaches including exercise, meditation, cognitive therapy, medications, and biofeedback. Cognitive therapy alters patient's cognition and management of pain and alleviates pain, especially associated with stress. Antidepressants are the most commonly used medications and pain control effects have no relation with mood changes. Biofeedback with relaxation training, exercise and meditation may also be effective in pain control.