• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.303-314
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary fat intake, anthropometric data, blood lipids, C-reactive protein, and adiponectin in Korean male college students. Forty-eight subjects were divided into 2 groups based on dietary fat intake: UERF (under 30% of energy ratio for fat source), AERF (above 30% of energy ratio for fat souce). We collected dietary intake data using 24-hour dietary recall for 3 days. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured by using standard methods. Segmental body composition analysis was carried out using an 8-electrode multifrequency bioelectrical impedance method of body fat estimation. There was no significant difference in anthropometric data and serum lipid profile between UERF and AERF group. Serum C-reactive protein level was significantly higher in the AERF group compared to the UERF group. Although there was no significant difference in serum adiponectin level between UERF and AERF groups, subjects had lower adiponectin levels. Correlation data show that serum adiponectin level was positively correlated with vegetable intake (p < 0.05). In addition, dietary fat intake had a positive correlation with meat (p < 0.01), whereas a negative correlation with grain (p < 0.01), vegetables (p < 0.05), and fish (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the increased fat intake of non-obese Korean male college students is associated with their increased serum C-reactive protein concentration. Therefore, proper guidelines on fat intake and nutrition education are necessary for the prevention and management of metabolic syndromes.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.68-78
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between Yin-deficiency questionnaire score and various biofunctional signals in women. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on charts of 195 patients who visited Gangdong Kyung Hee Hospital between April 1st and September 30th, 2011. The subjects were categorized into two groups, a low Yin-deficiency group (n=118) and a high Yin-deficiency group (n=77). The authors analyzed the correlation between Yin-deficiency questionnaire score and biofunctional signals by Pearson's correlation coefficient test and the difference in biofunctional signals between the two groups by independent samples t-test using SPSS for windows. Results: 1. Negative correlations were observed between the temperature difference of back-humerus, standard deviation of all R-R intervals (SDNN), total power (TP), low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) on heart rate variability parameters, and Yin-deficiency questionnaire score. A positive correlation was observed between the temperature difference of knee-humerus and Yin-deficiency questionnaire score. 2. The temperature difference of back-humerus in the high Yin-deficiency group was significantly higher than that in the low Yin-deficiency group. The temperature difference of knee-humerus, height, waist-hip ratio, SDNN, TP, LF, and HF of the high Yin-deficiency group were significantly lower than those of the low Yin-deficiency group. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the comprehensive diagnosis of Yin-deficiency and biofunctional signals is useful.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.131-144
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to have better data and to make efficient clinical reviews on pre-school children's growth based on two measurements; Body composition for measuring body volume and bone age for potential growth. Methods : The study was conducted with 221 children(118 of boys and 103 of girls) from three kindergartens. Body compositions(soft lean mass, body fat mass, percent body fat) were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis, bone age was measured by bone density through ultrasonic image of calcaneus. Results and Conclusions : 1. The higher level on weight or BMI, the more averages of soft lean mass, body fat mass, percent body fat. 2. The average bone ages and bone age-chronological age were lower in under 50 percentile's group, but it was higher in upper 50 percentile's group. Also, children with high BMI had older in bone ages and bone age-chronological age. 3. The higher in height percentile based on the bone age; there were more soft lean mass. 4. The averages of bone age and bone age-chronological age were significantly decreased, the more percentiles of height according to bone age were big, they were higher than total average in under 50 percentile's group of height, lower than total average in over 50 percentile's group of height in both boys and girls. 5. The average of MPH were significantly decreased in top percentiles of children's height distribution. Also, in the upper percentiles of height distribution based on bone age were big in only boys. 6. The body compositions(soft lean mass, body fat mass, percent body fat) were related to body volume growth, which can he measured by weight or BMI. The bone age, bone age-chronological age, and MPH were related in terms of hight. The body volume growth was a little hit related with potential growth.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.151-157
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• 2002

This study examined the changes in body temperature through conductive heat applied to the body and clarified the influences of body fluid on the thermal effects. Body fluid was measured using the Segmental Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis method. The subjects consisted of 13 men and 14 women. TBW was 37.56 (4.35 L for men and 29.93 (3.12 L for women, with the former being significantly (p<0.01) higher. The amount of body fluid in the right and left legs was 6.46 (0.83 L and 6.39 (0.86 L for men and 4.78 (0.49 L and 4.78 (0.49 L for women, respectively, with men's values being significantly (p<0.01) higher than women's on both the right and left sides. The maximal change in the surface temperature was 33.93 (0.61(C at the start of a warm bath to 3407 (0.61(C after 14 min for men. In contrast, the maximal change was 33.38 (0.99(C at the start to 33.73 (0.86(C after 18 min for women. For the other sites, the maximal temperature in Depths 1 and 2 was attained earlier for men than for women. The decrease in body temperature after the end of warming was more remarkable for men. Men had fluid with a higher conductivity than women, indicating influences of body fluid on the changes in body temperature. There were few changes in body composition with a partial bath having a crossed effect, indicating that this is a safe therapeutic method for elderly people.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2005

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine serum antioxidant nutrients and the relationship between serum antioxidants and risks of chronic diseases in obese Korean children Methods: Normal weight Korean school children (0=170), mean age of 11.5$\pm$1.5, and obese (body fat mass > $28\%$) children (0=176), mean age of 11.0$\pm$1.8, were recruited Fat mass ($\%$) was determnined by Bioelectrical Impedance (BEI), and body mass index (BMI) was calculated Fasting blood was collected to measure serum antioxidant nutrients, vitamin A, vitamin E and zinc. Serum lipid profiles including total cholesterol (TC), high density cholesterol (HDL) and triglyceride (TG), and blood glucose, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPI) were also determined. Differences in serum blood measurements between obese and normal children were assessed by independent t test. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between variables. Results: Blood glucose, GPT, total cholesterol, and triglycerides concentrations were significantly higher among obese boys, compared to normal boys (p<005). Significantly lower concentrations of serum vitamin E, after adjustment for TG and TC, was shown in obese boys (0.26 mg/mg) and obese girls (0.31 mg/mg), compared to normal boys (0.36 mg/mg) and girls (0.38 mg/mg) (p<0.05). Fat mass ($\%$) was negatively con-elated with serum vitamin A and vitamin E. Conclusion: Obese Korean children showed insufficient serum vitamin E concentration and increased risk for diabetes, atherosclerosis, and liver disease. Since lower vitamin E concentration was negatively con-elated with atherogenic index, improved vitamin E status in children may decrease the risk of atherosclerosis later in life.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.285-295
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine changes in nutrient intake in patients at nutritional risk. We included 106 malnourished patients who were admitted to Severance Hospital from March to September 2014. The average age was $59.0{\pm}11.6$ years old and 59 patients were male (59.7%). The majority of diagnosis was cancer (94.3%). We evaluated patients' nutritional status by scored patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA), anthropometric measurement (height, weight, body composition by Bioelectrical impedance analysis), hand grip strength, biochemical and dietary assessment. The patients' daily intakes of energy and protein ($1,019.5{\pm}706.4kcal$, $40.4{\pm}27.7g$) during hospitalization were significantly lower than their usual intakes ($1,382.0{\pm}499.8kcal$, $54.4{\pm}25.1g$, P<0.001). Serum levels of albumin, cholesterol, and total lymphocytes were significantly reduced during hospital stay. The negatively influencing factors for reduced dietary intake were anorexia (42.5%), abdominal distention (14.2%), pain (13.2%), and others. The results of this study could be used to establish baseline data for developing new strategies for nutritional intervention in malnourished patients.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2005

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to examine accuracy of predicted resting energy expenditure (REE), relationship fat free mass (FFM) and REE. Methods : 60 normal, obese women $(body\;mass\;index\;{\geq}25kg/m^2)$ were recruited for this study, they had low calorie diet for 8 weeks. At week 0, 4, and 8, REE was measured by MedGem (indirect calorimeter), Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) using Cunningham equation, and Harris-Benedict (H-B) equation, FFM was also measured by BIA. Results : The REE predicted by BIA was lower than the REE measured by MedGem (MG) in every measurement. The REE predicted by H-B equation predicted REE was lower than that of MG in the second measurement (p<0.01). The REE measured by MedGem was declined after 8 weeks, BIA and H-B equation predicted REE were declined after 4 weeks (p<0.01). H-B equation predicted REE had more significant correlation with the REE measured by MedGem than that of BIA. There was significant correlation between measured REE and FFM, but measured REE declined after 8 weeks, FFM declined after 4 weeks (p<0.01). We derived a prediction equation as follows : REE = 108.36+31.42 (FFM), $R^2=0.23$.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.97-112
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study were to evaluate the effects of oriental medical therapy on obesity and different effects according to Body Mass Index(BMI), menopause, obesity treatment experience, age, treatment period in patients. Methods : 46 patients were treated from November 2011 to April 2012 in Oriental Obesity Center, Dong-eui Medical Center. They were measured change of body compositions by bioelectrical impedance analysis every 2~3 weeks and 27 patients out of 46 were checked body compositions every 2 weeks. 46 and 27 patients were divided into two or three groups according to BMI, menopause, obesity treatment experience, age, treatment period. We compared before and after treatment body compositions. Results : Body compositions, except edema index were significantly reduced. Abdominal Visceral Fat(AVF) was significantly reduced in Obese group. Body Weight(BW), BMI, Body Fat(BF), Body Fat Percetage(BFP), Abdominal Visceral Fat Level(AVFL), Abdominal Visceral Fat(AVF), Abdominal Subcutaneous Fat(ASF) were significantly reduced in non-menopause group(43 female patients). But in 26 female patients out of 27, there were no significantly differences between groups in menopause. There were no significantly differences between groups in obesity treatment experience. But in 27 patients, BMI and AVF were significantly reduced in non-experience group and AVFL was significantly reduced in experience group. BW, BMI, BF, BFP, VAF, ASF were significantly reduced in younger age group. But in 27 patients, BW and Muscle were significantly reduced in younger age group. BMI, BF, BFP, Edema, AFVL, Abdominal Visceral Fat Area(AVFA), AVF, ASF were significantly reduced in longer treatment period group. Conclusion : The BF, BMI, BF, BFP, Muscle, AVFL, AVFA, AVF, ASF were almost decreased significantly. It resulted that the effects of oriental medical therapy in obesity was positive. And it was meaningful study to know about different effects between groups.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.24-34
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• 2001

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the body shape of Sasang Constitutions by body composition and body measurement. Methods : This study was carried out 98 cases(68 males and 30 females)of Oriental Medical College at Kyunghee University. After determining the Sasang Constitutions(Soeumin, Soyangin, Taeumin) by QSCCII, the body shape of each group were analysed by body composition(INBODY 2.0, Biospace, seoul, korea) and body measurement. Results : 1) The result of Sasang Constitution analysis of 98 cases were classified as Soumin(52%), Soyang(24.5%), Taeumin(23.5%). 2) In the body composition and body measurement, there were significant difference from intercellular fluid, protein, mineral mass, weight, percent body fat, body water of left arm and BMI between Taeumin, Soyangin and Soumin. 3) In the body composition of male, Taeumin group showed that the arms were more developed than the legs and the upper trunk were more developed than the lower trunk. Soumin group showed the asymmetry of the right and left limbs. Soyang group showed the asymmetry of the right and left arms. In the body composition of female, Taeumin group showed the asymmetry of the right and left upper limbs. Conclusion : There are significant relationships between Sasang Constitutions, Body composition and BMI. The findings indicated here Body composition could be useful mean to make a diagnosis of the body shape, body type, physical constitution of Sasang constitutions.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.680-686
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships among body composition, dietary intake, exercise, and life style in children(M=80, f=102) of the 5th and 6th grades of elementary school. Anthropometry and multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis were conducted to estimate body composition. Dietary intake, exercise, and life style were determined by using questionnaires. When obesity was classified greater than 120% of the ideal body weight, the prevalence rates of obesity were 31.2% for boy and 20.6% for girl. There were significant differences in body composition between nonobese(NO) and obese(OB) groups. Mean fat mass(FM) and lean body mass(LBM) were 8.6kg and 27.7kg for NO group and 16.7kg and 32.3kg for OB group, respectively. Also a significant difference was found in hydration rate(TBW/body weight)between groups( <0.01). No significant difference was found I total calorie intake and nutrient intakes between groups. No difference was found in the frequency and duration of outdoor exercise and indoor activities. Mean sleeping hours was 8-9hours for 62% of nonobese children and for 59% of obese children. However, calorie intake per body weight was significantly lower inobese children than in nonobese. The present study showed that significant differences existed in their body size and composition between NO and OB groups , while no differences existed in daily calorie intake, excercise , and life style. This may indicate that important obesity-promoting factors of early onset obesity may rely on other factors such as hereditary or environmental factors besides factors considered. Further studies are required to understand obesity-promoting factors in children. (Korean J Community Nutrition 2(5) : 680∼686, 1997)