• Architectural research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.71-77
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• 2017

Dynamic pricing refers to a system in which a tariff varies, according to a level of charging and applied time depending on time change. The power billing system used in the Korean Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) is based on time of use (TOU) pricing, which is one of the dynamic pricing systems. This paper aimed to determine the operational results of a variable refrigerant flow system, to which a new control algorithm was applied, in order to respond to dynamic pricing, in summer and the utility of the new control. To do this, real measured data was acquired from a VRF system installed in a building for educational purposes, where dynamic pricing was applied for about 100 days during summer time. At the maximum load operation time period in TOU, the new control minimized operation within the indoor comfort range, an increase in refrigerant evaporation temperature in the indoor unit and the number of revolutions in a compressor in the outdoor unit was limited. As a result, power usage was decreased by 11%, and the operational cost by 14.6%. Furthermore, measurement results using the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) model, that represented satisfaction of thermal environment, showed that 82.8% to 90.4% of the occupants of the building were satisfied during operation when the new control was applied.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.2377-2398
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• 2021

In the recent modernized world, utilization of natural resources (renewable & non-renewable) is increasing drastically due to the sophisticated life style of the people. The over-consumption of non-renewable resources causes pollution which leads to global warming. Consequently, government agencies have been taking several initiatives to control the over-consumption of non-renewable natural resources and encourage the production of renewable energy resources. In this regard, we introduce an IoT powered integrated framework called as green home architecture (GHA) for green score calculation based on the usage of natural resources for household purpose. Green score is a credit point (i.e.,10 pts) of a family which can be calculated once in a month based on the utilization of energy, production of renewable energy and pollution caused. The green score can be improved by reducing the consumption of energy, generation of renewable energy and preventing the pollution. The main objective of GHA is to monitor the day-to-day usage of resources and calculate the green score using the proposed green score algorithm. This algorithm gives positive credits for economic consumption of resources and production of renewable energy and also it gives negative credits for pollution caused. Here, we recommend a green score based tax calculation system which gives tax exemption based on the green score value. This direct beneficiary model will appreciate and encourage the citizens to consume fewer natural resources and prevent pollution. Rather than simply giving subsidy, this proposed system allows monitoring the subsidy scheme periodically and encourages the proper working system with tax exemption rewards. Also, our GHA will be used to monitor all the household appliances, vehicles, wind mills, electricity meter, water re-treatment plant, pollution level to read the consumption/production in appropriate units by using the suitable sensors. These values will be stored in mass storage platform like cloud for the calculation of green score and also employed for billing purpose by the government agencies. This integrated platform can replace the manual billing and directly benefits the government.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.51-64
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• 1999

This study is on the focus of the cost-effective and time-effective in the BCTOC which commenced the On Dock Termainal System in 1998 for the first time in Korea. On this process of study two categories should be considered : (1) Improvement on Business Process (2) Improvement on Information Technology. With these two accesses a new future-oriented and prospective model could be put on our hand as follows. (1) Improvement on Business Process \circled1Consistency of container In-Out Operation \circled2Simplicity of Rate appraisal \circled3Unified operation on Billing and Request (2) Improvement on Information Technology \circled1Scale up the Information Application \circled2Constructing an one-spot simultaneous Information Holding System \circled3Combination of Internet and Integrated Database System.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.580-586
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• 2011

In this study, 3 cooling systems of apartment which are air-cooled air conditioner with indoor unit, water-cooled air conditioner with indoor unit and small capacity absorption chiller-heater with FCU have been evaluated by Multi-Criteria Decision Making Analysis. Weights of 7 selected factors which are economics, space, billing, constructability, human comfort, visibility and reliability are determined by expert group of 30 system designers and 30 construction engineers. Final weights were derived for 101 and 166 $m^2$ apartments. Analysis shows that small capacity absorption chiller-heater with FCU is the most favorable system for apartment cooling system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.615-617
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• 2022

Currently, the 'Gacha' system is becoming an indispensable profit generation method for online and mobile games. The system, also called "probability randomization," proceeds with cash-based payments, and it is not clear how much money you need to use to obtain the item you want. So, in response to the backlash of users, game companies introduced a "ceiling" system that allows users to get the items they want if they use it for more than a certain amount, and added several profit generation methods using it. We examine the impact of this system on continuous billing induction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.10c
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• pp.310-312
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• 2004

한국전력공사는 고객의 합리적인 전력소비를 촉진하고자 다양한 요금체계를 제공하고 있다. 이를 위해서 주택용과 일반용전력(갑), 일반용전력(을), 교육용전력, 산업용전력(갑), 산업용전력(을) 등 전력사용고객의 성격에 따라 기본요금이나 계절별 시간대별, 혹은 누진 등 차등요금제를 적용한다. 그러나, 이들 각각의 목적에 부합하는 전자식 전력량계를 개발한다는 것은 경제성이 없는 일이다. 그러므로 단일의 전자식 전력량계에서 다양한 요금체계를 수용할 수 있는 방안이 필요하여, 이를 위해 단일의 전자식 전력량계로 공통 기능은 하드웨어로 구현하고 각종 요금체계에 따른 변화를 수용하는 부분은 펌웨어로 개발하여 검침을 수행하는 것이 바람직하다. 본 논문에서는 단일의 전자식 전력량계에서 효과적으로 적용할 수 있도록 한국전력공사에서 시행하고 있는 다양한 요금제도에 부합하는 응용프로그램을 설계하고 구현하는 방안을 제시한다. 또한, 이런 응용프로그램을 관리하는 소프트웨어를 실제로 구현한 사례를 제시한다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.11d
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• pp.644-646
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• 2000

According to the deregulations of governments in the world. the power industries of United State and European nations are proceeding remote meter reading and remote load control. But the core technology of multifunctional electronic meter implemented by programmable one-chip IC, which can be the right answer of all the power industy's efforts is now still under development in the advanced countries. Implementation of smallest size, lowest price single-phase meter with features which enable distribution automation such as bidirectional communication, Remote load control, remote meter reading, remote credit assigment. Prepayment billing system.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.357-359
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• 2002

한국전력공사는 합리적인 전력소비를 위해 다양한 요금체계를 제공하고 있다. 그러므로, 주택용과 일반용전력(갑), 일반용전력(을), 교육용전력, 산업용전력(갑), 산업용전력(을) 등 전력사용고객의 성격에 따라 기본요금이나 계절별, 시간대별, 혹은 누진 등 차등요금제를 적용한다. 그러나, 이들 각각에 맞는 전자식 전력량계를 개발한다는 것은 경제성이 없는 일이다. 그러므로, 단일의 전자식 전력량계에서 다양한 요금체계를 수용할 수 있는 방안이 필요하며, 이를 위해 단일의 전자식 전력량계로 공통 기능은 하드웨어로 구현하고 각종 요금체계에 따른 변화를 수용하는 부분은 펌웨어로 개발하여 검침을 수행하는 것이 바람직하다. 본 논문에서는 단일의 전자식 전력량계에서 효과적으로 적용할 수 있도록 한국전력공사에서 시행하고 있는 다양한 요금제도에 부합하는 응용프로그램을 설계하고 구현하는 방안을 제시한다. 또한, 이런 응용 프로그램을 관리하는 소프트웨어를 실제로 구현한 사례를 제시한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institutes of Information Security and Cryptology Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.173-176
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• 2001

이동 통신 기술의 발달로 시공간을 초월하여 인터넷에 접속할 수 있게 되었다. 그리고 현재 국내에서도 무선 인터넷 사용이 가능한 단말기의 보급이 크게 늘어나면서 새로운 다양한 서비스를 제공받을 수 있다. 기존의 문자, 벨소리 혹은 이미지를 전송 받을 수 있는 기술을 넘어 이제는 게임을 즐기거나 음악, 동영상 등의 서비스를 제공받을 수 있는 수준에 있다. 따라서 서비스를 제공하는 콘텐츠 제공자와 무선 단말기로 서비스를 이용하는 사용자 사이에 서비스 이용에 따른 과금의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 그러나 현재와 같이 콘텐츠 제공자나 네트웍 제공자의 로그 정보만으로 요금을 부과하는 것은 문제가 있다. 따라서 사용자에게 부과된 요금에 대해서 사용자와 콘텐츠 제공자가 상호 신뢰할 수 있는 과금 시스템의 개발이 절실히 요구된다.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.462-464
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• 2006

본 연구는 제4세대 미터링(Metering) 기술을 이용한 전력전자상거래 즉 VSEM(Value Storage Electricity Meter)을 위한 웹기반 미터링 시스템의 보안성 분석 및 평가에 관한 연구이다. 특히 수요자 측면에서 스마트카드(지불결제)를 이용한 본인 확인(SIM카드), 키 값 확인, VSEM서버에서의 각 수요자와 공급자 데이터 사이의 무결성 확인(Integrity)과 부인 방지(Non-repudiation)를 위한 기존 시스템의 보안 문제를 분석하고 이를 해결할 수 있는 보안 모델을 제안한다.