• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.43-48
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• 2001

Ducklings collected from three farms, having history of rapid onset and spread of nerve signs including kick spasmodically with legs and opisthotonos, were pathologically, barteriologically, virologically examined. Grossly, multiple petechial to ecchymotic hemorrhages were detected in the swollen liver. Histopathologically, diffuse coagulative necrosis of hepatocytes was characteristic in acute cases. Chronic cases revealed marked bile duct hyperplasia rather than hepatocyte necrosis. Some of these cases exhibited multiple granulomas consisting of macrophages, heterophil, fibrin and necrotic cell debri. Filtered homogenate of livers sampled from ducklings caused embryo death with marked hemorrhage and swollen of liver after inoculation into chorioallantoic membrane. Three strains of Salmonella app.,S montevideo, S hadar, and S give, which were biochemically and serologically identified, weir isolated from ducklings of three farms, respectively. From these results, these ducklings were concurrently infected with duck hepatitis virus and Salmonella spp.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.947-958
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• 2012

When modeling event times in biomedical studies, the outcome might be incompletely observed. In this paper, we assume that the outcome is recorded as current status failure time data. Despite well-developed literature the routine practical use of many current status data modeling methods remains infrequent due to the lack of specialized statistical software, the difficulty to assess model goodness-of-fit, as well as the possible loss of information caused by covariate grouping or discretization. We propose a model based on pseudo-observations that is convenient to implement and that allows for flexibility in the choice of the outcome. Parameter estimates are obtained based on generalized estimating equations. Examples from studies in bile duct hyperplasia and breast cancer in conjunction with simulated data illustrate the practical advantages of this model.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.3-22
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• 1966

An experimental study was done on rabbits to observe the effects of several anticlonorchial drugs on the pathology of the liver infested with Clonorchis sinensis. After two months of infestation with Clonorchis sinensis by giving $400{\sim}500$ metacercariae by mouth, hexachlorophene, chloroquine 2,2' methylenebis (3,4,6 trichlorophenoxy acetic acid) and Hetol were administered orally and follow up macro-and microscopic studies of the liver pathology were done in 2 to 3 days, one month, 2 months and 3 months after the completion of medications. The results obtained in this study are as follows: 1. In both groups which were administered hexachlorophene piperazine 20mg/kg for seven days or 8mg/kg for 18 days, the macroscopic findings of the liver after 3 months revealed only minimal changes of the color and consistency The histopathological findings were the reduction of fibrosis, pseudolobulation, proliferation and adenomatous hyperplasia of bile ducts, and regeneration of liver parenchyma. 2. In groups which were administered chloroquine phosphate 20mg/kg for 18 days or 40mg/kg for 5 days, and also in groups which were administered dithiazanine iodide 30mg/kg for 18 days or 60mg/kg for 5 days, no significant findings of recovery were observed either macroscopically or microscopically. 3. In the group which was given 20mg/kg of 2,2' methylenebis(3,4,6 trichlorophenoxy acetic acid) for 5 days, prominent healing of the damaged tissues was observed after 2 months, revealing the decrease of fibrous tissue, caliber of bile ducts and adenomatous hyperplasia of the epitherial cells of the bile ducts, and regenerationof liver parenchyma. 4. In the group which was given Hetol 200mg/kg for 5 days, swelling, congestion and eddish-brown discoloration of the liver were noted macroscopically after 3 days of completion of drug administration. Hemorrhage, congestion, necrosis and degeneration of the parenchyma were observed microscopically After 10 days, liver appeared almost normal macroscopically, but marked fat degeneration was noted microscopically. After 2 months, the liver was almost normal in gross appearence with only slight atrophy and also marked healing was observed microscopically, i. e. decrease of fibrous tissue and reduction of the previously enlarged bile duct and the regeneration of the liver parenchyma.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.417-428
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• 1996

In order to know the toxic effect and carcinogenic activity in rats and mice fed with juice of Korean native Petasites japonicus Maxim of its pellet(4% or 8%) which were dried, milled and mixed with basal diet, the investigations were carried out by macroscopy and histopathology. Macroscopically, although remarkable changes were not observed in the liver of mice, there were slight to moderate swelling of rat livers in the whole groups at 12 to 14 weeks after feeding and milky spots in rats fed with its juice and 8% pelleted Petasites japonicus Maxim diet and a normal diet for 1 week alternatively for 14 weeks. Moreover, moderate to severe swelling and milk spots were recognized in livers of all rats fed with its juice and 8% pellet or 8% pelleted Petasites japonicus Maxim for 16 weeks. But, in cases of rats fed with its juice and 4% pellet or 4% pelleted Petasites japonicus Maxim, only swelling of livers was recognized moderately or severely. Histopathologically, major lesions were found in livers of both rats and mice. There were congestion, hemorrhage, fatty change, focal necrosis, megalocytosis and hyperplasia of endothelial cell in livers of mice and rats, the additional lesions such as proliferation of bile duct and nodular regeneration with diffuse regenerating cells were seen in livers of rats. In addition, preneoplastic lesions, the areas of milky spots macroscopically, were observed in livers of rats fed with Petasites japonicus Maxim for 14 to 16 weeks. In a few cases, haemangioendothelial sarcoma in livers was detected in rats fed with Petasites japonicus Maxim for 16 weeks. Petasites japonicus maxim growing naturally in Korea seem to exhibit toxic effect especially in liver and it contained a causative agent of primary liver tumors.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.21 no.1 s.52
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• pp.35-43
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• 2006

Reproduction and organ structure of the pale chub, Zacco platypus in Isa stream were investigated by means of histological methods. The results of the study confirmed reproductive abnormality and histopathological features in the pale chub. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) of the fish showed two peak in April and August. In summer season, GSI of the male was about two times of the female's GSI. Monthly variation of the gonadal development was very irregular. From the histological analysis of the organ structure, epidermal atrophy, necrosis and hyperplasia of pigment cell were observed in the skin. Epithelial layer lifting and clubbing of the lamella and bifurcation of the filament were observed in the gill. Also histological changes as congestion, cytoplasmic degeneration of hepatic cell, degeneration of bile duct, glomerular dilatation, degeneration of renal tubule and pycnosis of interstitial cell were identified in the liver and kidney, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.133-140
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• 2004

The histopathologieal effects of his(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO) on the flounder, Paralichthys otivaceus were examined by means of histological methods. The experimental fishes were exposed to 0.17, 0.36, 0.60, 3.20, 6.30, 12.50 ${\mu}g \;L^{-1}$TBTO concentrations for 42 days. Histopathological change of the fish exposed to TBTO is dependent on the exposure duration and concentration. In the lower concentrations early histological changes included activated mucous cells and chloride cells, capillary hyperemia and epithelial hyperplasia in the gill; hepatocyte activation, degeneration of bile duct and pancyeatic zymogen reduction in the hepatopancreas; and capillary hyperemia, appearance of eosinophilic cell and melano-macrophagocytes in the kidney. At the higher concentrations histological changes of dysfunctionality included epithelial lifting and deformation of the lamellae in the gill; pycnosis and cytoplasmic degeneration of hepatocyte; pycnosis of haemopoietic cell and deformation of renal tubules and glomerulus in the kidney. It is indicated that TBTO induced histopathological changes in the fish as other aquatic pollutants.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.777-783
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• 2015

The nitric oxide (NO) formation and intrinsic nitrosation may be involved in the possible mechanisms of liver fluke-associated carcinogenesis. We still do not know much about the responses of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) induced by Clonorchis sinensis infection. This study was conducted to explore the pathological lesions and iNOS expressions in the liver of mice with different infection intensity levels of C. sinensis. Extensive periductal inflammatory cell infiltration, bile duct hyperplasia, and fibrosis were commonly observed during the infection. The different pathological responses in liver tissues strongly correlated with the infection intensity of C. sinensis. Massive acute spotty necrosis occurred in the liver parenchyma after a severe infection. The iNOS activity in liver tissues increased, and iNOS-expressing cells with morphological differences were observed after a moderate or severe infection. The iNOS-expressing cells in liver tissues had multiple origins.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.381-390
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• 1990

In order to study the effects of administration of carbon tetrachloride(CCI$_4$) and 1-naphthylisothiocyanate(ANIT) on the liver of Korean black goats, some liver function tests and liver biopsy were done on 4 Korean black goats dosed with CCI$_4$(0.4m1/kg of body weight) in-traruminally and 4 Korean black goats dosed with ANIT(400mg/kg of body weight) by stomach tube. BSP Tl/2 and serum total bilirubin concentration in goats dosed with CCI$_4$ were increased gradually, reached to maximum value on 2nd and 1st day, respectively, and then began to decrease in normal range, gradually. In goats dosed with ANIT, BSP Tl/2 and serum total bilirubin concentration were increased rapidly, reached to maximum value on 0.5 and 1st day, respectively, and then returned to normal ragne, rapidly. Serum SDH, AST and GGT activities in goats dosed with CCI$_4$ were increased rapidly and reached to maximum value on 3rd, 1st and 2nd day, respectively. Thereafter, the serum enzyme activities began to decrease in normal range gradually. In goats dosed with ANIT, however, serum SDH, AST and GGT activities were not changed. The histopathologic changes in goats dosed with CCI$_4$ were lipidosis and centrilobular nee-rosis of the hepatic parenchyma. In goats dosed with ANIT, hyperplasia of bile duct epithelium was noticeable, but pathologic changes in liver parenchyma were not noticed. Conclusively, in Korean black goats dosed with CCI$_4$, main finding was necrosis of hepatic parenchyma. In Korean black goats dosed with ANIT, main finding was cholestasis.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.141-150
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• 2005

1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol (1,3-DCP) is known as chloride chemicals and causes severe hepatotoxic agent. The Ito cells and Kupffer's cells of the liver in the 5 old F344 Rats were exposed to 1,3-DCP gas chamber for 6 hours/ a day, 5 days/ a week, and 13 weeks, in the 0, 5, 20, 80 ppm, respectively. After then the body weights, liver weights, and relative liver weight to body weight were measured, and the hepatic tissues were prepared by the routine and Immunostain method, and observed by the LM, and EM. In the results, there were severe body weight decrease (p<0.05) in the 80 ppm of the male and female rats. The relative liver weights to the body weight were increased relate with exposed 1,3-DCP concentration (P<0.001). Inflammatory cells, infiltration was observed at the perivascular area in the 20 ppm exposed group, and bilirubin pigment infiltration, bile duct hyperplasia, inflammation hepatocytic necrosis, fibrosis were observed in the 80 ppm exposure group. In the 80 ppm exposure group, disarrangement of the endothelial cells, erythrocytes and hepatic cell fragment in the Disse space and numerous migration macrophages were observed in the necrotic area by EM observation. In the immunostained hepatic tissues positive stained ED1 cells were extremely increased (P<0.05) in central vein area, but ED2 was weakly positive immunostained in the 80 ppm exposed group. Immunostained desmin was observed in the Ito cell. It was no difference in the low and medium exposed group but it was typical increase in the necrotic area. In conclusion, These results suggest that NOAEL of 1,3-DCP may be 5 ppm in rats and the Immunostained of desmin, ED1 and ED2 positive cells activated in the inflammatory liver were related to the exposure volume and density. The increase of the Ito cells were related to the severe phagocytosis of the Kupffer's cells.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.223-230
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• 1994

Clonorchiasis is an important parasitic disease of humans in Korea. The present study intended to compare sonographic findings with histopathological changes in experimental clonorchiasis. Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits were infected with metacercariae of Cknorchis sinensis, and examined 4, 10, and 22 weeks post-infection (PI). Four infected rabbits were treated with praziquantel 10 weeks PI and were examined 12 weeks after treatment. Sonography revealed mild to severe dilatation of the intrahepatic ducts (IHDD) and slightly increased periductal echoes in 12 out of 14 rabbits at 4 weeks PI, and all of the animals after 10 and 22 weeks PI and 12 weeks after treatment. The histopathological lesions were duct dilatation, mucosal hyperplasia, and periductal fibrosis, which progressed from 4 weeks to 22 weeks PI and even in treated rabbits. The dilated intrahepatic ducts over 1 mm diameter were detected by sonography. The present results indicate that sonographic findings are well correlated with histopathological lesions in rabbit clonorchiasis except for early phase of light burden of infection. The sonography has a limitation in discriminating residual sequelae of the ducts after praziquantel treatment.