• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2008년도 학술대회
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• pp.177-180
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to get simulation data about pulsatile flow of a non-Newtonian fluid through a bifurcated tube. All the process was based on CFD method, with a commercial FVM code, SC/Tetra ver. 6.0 for solving, and with CATIA R16 for generating geometries. To define a non-Newtonian fluid, the following viscous models are used; the Powell-Eyring model, the modified Powell-Eyring model, the Cross model, the modified Cross model, the Carreau model, the Carreau-Yasuda model and the modified Power Law model. The flow calculation data using each model were compared with the other data of a existing paper. Finally, the Carreau model was recognized to give the best result with the SC/Tetra code, and the succeeding simulations are made with the model. For the pulsating flow condition, the sine wave type velocity profile is given as the inlet boundary condition. To investigate the effect of geometries and mesh, the pre-test is carried out with various curvature conditions of the bifurcated corner, and then with various mesh conditions. The final process is to calculate flow variables such as the wall shear stress (WSS) and the wall shear stress gradient (WSSG). To validate all the result, the simulation is compared with the existing data of the other papers. Generally speaking, there is a noticeable difference in the maximum and minimum value of WSS. It is not sure that the values in each data are on the exactly same location. However, the overall trend is similar. The next study needs to investigate the same situation by experimental method. Furthermore, if the flow is simulated with more pulsatile conditions, more data of flow field through a bifurcated tube could be achieved.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2008년 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.177-180
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to get simulation data about pulsatile flow of a non-Newtonian fluid through a bifurcated tube. All the process was based on CFD method, with a commercial FVM code, SC/Tetra ver. 6.0 for solving, and with CATIA R16 for generating geometries. To define a non-Newtonian fluid, the following viscous models are used; the Powell-Eyring model, the modified Powell-Eyring model, the Cross model, the modified Cross model, the Carreau model, the Carreau-Yasuda model and the modified Power Law model. The flow calculation data using each model were compared with the other data of a existing paper. Finally, the Carreau model was recognized to give the best result with the SC/Tetra code, and the succeeding simulations are made with the model. For the pulsating flow condition, the sine wave type velocity profile is given as the inlet boundary condition. To investigate the effect of geometries and mesh, the pre-test is carried out with various curvature conditions of the bifurcated corner, and then with various mesh conditions. The final process is to calculate flow variables such as the wall shear stress (WSS) and the wall shear stress gradient (WSSG). To validate all the result, the simulation is compared with the existing data of the other papers. Generally speaking, there is a noticeable difference in the maximum and minimum value of WSS. It is not sure that the values in each data are on the exactly same location. However, the overall trend is similar. The next study needs to investigate the same situation by experimental method. Furthermore, if the flow is simulated with more pulsatile conditions, more data of flow field through a bifurcated tube could be achieved.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.277-287
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• 2000

For the regeneration of osseous defect on the furcation area, autogeneous bone graft has been primarily used. But it has the limitation of donor site, additive surgical operation etc. Recently anorganic xenogenic bone graft materials of removing all organic components are commonly used for the regeneration of periodontal defects. This study was the comparison of the effect on the regeneration with two types xenografts($Bio-oss^{(R)}$ and Ca-P thin coated Bovine bone powder) on the furcation involvement in Beagle dogs. After surgically induced chronic periodontitis in bifurcation area of premolar, $Bio-oss^{(R)}$ and Ca-P BBP were grafted on the osseous defects. Tissue blocks including defects with soft tissues were harvested following a four-& eight-week healing interval and prepared for histologic analysis. The results of this study were as follows: 1. $Bio-oss^{(R)}$ group: there were significant differences among the $Bio-oss^{?}$ group at 4weeks and 8weeks, but the control group had various appearances : new bone formation, resorption of graft materials by multinuclear giant cells, connective tissue cells intervention in the bone graft sites etc. 2. Ca-P BBP group: lots of new bone formation were observed but the arrangement of periodontal ligament was not completed at 4weeks. New bone were replaced mature bone and the periodontal ligaments showed the functional arrangement at 8weeks. 3. By reason of undergrowing the epithelium within the osseous defects, new bone formation was not happened in the upper area of bifurcation in $Bio-oss^{(R)}$ group. 4. In Ca-P BBP group, epithelial undergrowth was not seen and generally showed much more new bone formation. 5. Ca-P BBP group showed the osteocyte-like cells at the inner portion of the graft materials 6. Both groups were similar to resorptive appearances of graft materials, but Ca-P BBP group had the better effects of osteoconduction.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2016년도 학술발표회
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• pp.341-341
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• 2016

2차류는 주흐름 방향 유속에 비하여 작지만 유속을 재분포 시켜 흐름의 교란을 발생시키는 매우 중요한 인자이다(Woo, 2001). 2차류는 만곡부, 합류부, 분류부에서 흐름분리와 함께 나타나는 흐름특성 중 하나이지만 각 지점별로 2차류의 분포는 서로 상이하다. 하지만 국내에서는 만곡부에서의 2차류에 대한 영향에 대해서만 주로 연구가 이루어졌으며, 합류부와 분류부에 대해서는 연구가 아직 체계적으로 이루어지지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 합류부와 분류부에서 2차류 영향을 고려한 2차원 수치모형을 적용하여 흐름특성 변화를 수치모의 하였다. 2차류 흐름을 고려한 수치모의를 위해 TELEMAC-2D 수치모형을 이용하였으며, 2차류의 영향을 고려하지 않고 계산한 SUPG기법을 적용한 모의결과에 대하여 Bernard and Schneider(1992)가 제안한 경험계수를 적용 후 그 결과를 실험결과와 비교분석하였다. 합류부(confluence)에서는 본류와 지류의 유량비가 증가할수록 흐름분리구역 길이와 최대폭이 증가하지만, 분류부(Bifurcation)에서는 분류수로 유량비가 증가할수록 흐름분리구역 길이와 최대폭이 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히, 2차류를 제외한 수치모의에서 실내시험에서 제시한 분류유량비와 수심 및 유속분포를 동시에 충족시키기 어렵다. 반면 2차류 영향을 고려시 분기수로내 통수능을 감소시키는 흐름분리구역과 2차류의 상호작용에 의한 흐름정체효과로 분류유량비가 감소하였으며, 2차류 영향을 고려하여 모의한 결과 분류부 수치모의의 안정성과 정확성을 향상되었다. 하지만 본 모형에서 적용한 2차류 흐름관련 매개변수는 흐름특성에 따라 시행착오법에 따라 산출해야 하는 특성 때문에 향후에 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.142-149
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• 2019

전기자동차를 무선으로 충전하기 위하여서는 전기에너지를 전송하기 위한 코일이 꼭 필요하다. 코일의 형태는 기본적인 원형 코일에서부터 두 코일 간의 커플링 효과를 높이기 위한 DD 형상의 코일 등 여러 종류가 있다. 하지만 코일 간 커플링이 좋은 DD 형상의 코일은 송수신 측 전력변환장치의 구조가 복잡해지는 단점이 있어 사용에 제한이 있다. 본 논문에서는 자유공간에서 2개의 코일을 이용하여 무선으로 전력을 전송할 때 제작이 편리한 스파이럴 인덕터의 인덕턴스 값을 계산하고 적절한 크기의 인턱터를 설계하는 방법을 제시하였다. 공진기에서 XLm 값이 부하저항 값과 비슷하여질 때 bifurcation 현상이 나타나므로, 이 현상이 덜 일어나도록 XLm 값을 최소부하저항 값과 같도록 선택하여 공진기에 필요한 인덕턴스 값을 계산하였다. 계산된 인덕턴스 값을 스파이럴 인덕터로 구현하기 위하여 스파이럴 인덕터에서 인덕턴스 값과 인턱터의 크기, 턴 수, 총 코일 길이와의 관계를 알아보았다. 또한, 두 개의 코일의 수평 이격에 따른 결합계수 k 값의 변화를 알아본 후 적절한 인덕터를 선정하였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.231-239
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• 2024

Background: Although the modified Blalock-Taussig shunt remains the mainstay method of palliation for augmenting pulmonary blood flow in various congenital heart diseases, the shunt must be carefully designed to achieve the best outcomes. This study investigated the effect of shunt configuration on pulmonary artery growth and growth discrepancy. Methods: Twenty patients with successful modified Blalock-Taussig shunt takedown were analyzed. Pulmonary artery and shunt characteristics were obtained using computed tomography scans. Differences in the baseline and follow-up diameter ratios and growth in the ipsilateral and contralateral arteries were calculated. The angle between the shunt and pulmonary artery, as well as the distance from the main pulmonary artery bifurcation, were measured. Correlations between pulmonary arteries and shunt configurations were analyzed. Results: The median interval time between shunt placement and takedown was 154.5 days (interquartile range, 113.25-276.25 days). Follow-up values of the ipsilateral-to-contralateral pulmonary artery diameter ratio showed no significant correlation with the shunt angle (ρ=0.429, p=0.126) or distance (ρ=0.110, p=0.645). The shunt angle and distance from the main pulmonary bifurcation showed no significant correlation (ρ=-0.373, p=0.189). Pulmonary artery growth was negatively correlated with shunt angle (ipsilateral, ρ=-0.565 and p=0.035; contralateral, ρ=-0.578 and p=0.030), but not with distance (ipsilateral, ρ=-0.065 and p=0.786; contralateral, ρ=-0.130 and p=0.586). Conclusion: Shunt configuration had no significant effect on growth imbalance. The angle and distance of the shunt showed no significant correlation with each other. A more vertical shunt was associated with significant pulmonary artery growth. We suggest a more vertical graft design for improved pulmonary artery growth.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1074-1079
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• 2011

This paper describes the influence on the nonlinear critical speed results of a specific railway vehicle depending on various constraint conditions. In the roller-rig tests, proper constraints are inevitable to safely hold the test vehicles. Particularly, the test results using KRRI roller-rig are more sensitive to constraint conditions because it is a kind of semi-full car type. In this study, nonlinear critical speed of specific vehicle with regards to several constraint cases were predicted by computational analysis and these results were compared to find the suitable constraint conditions. And also the deviation of semi-full car model from actual full car model was investigated. According to the bifurcation analysis, the nonlinear critical speed are dependent with the constraint condition and car-body yaw motion should be free to achieve more accurate results. And the difference between semi-full and full car model was so small that KRRI's semi-full car model are valid as long as the stability is concerned.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집E
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• pp.576-581
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• 2001

When a liquid is supplied through a nozzle onto a relatively nonwetting inclined solid surface, a narrow rivulet forms. This work provides novel physical insights into the following phenomena in the rivulet flow that have not been well understood to date. Firstly, the fundamental mechanism behind the transition of a linear rivulet to a droplet flow is investigated. The experiments show that the droplet flow emerges due to the necking of a liquid thread near the nozzle. Based on the observation, it is argued that when the retraction velocity of a liquid thread exceeds its axial velocity, the bifurcation of the liquid thread occurs, and this argument is experimentally verified. Secondly, a discussion on the curved motion of a meandering rivulet is given. This study proposes the contact angle hysteresis as a primary origin of the centripetal force that enables the rivulet's curved motion A simple scaling analysis based on this assumption predicts a radius of curvature which agrees with the experimental observation.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.150-156
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• 2000

The objective of this study is to investigate effects of prebuckling on the buckling of laminated composite cylindrical shells. Axial compression and lateral pressure are considered for laminated composite cylindrical shells with the ratios of length to radius. The shell walls are made of a laminate with several symmetric ply orientations. The study was made using finite difference energy method, utilizing the nonlinear bifurcation branch with nonlinear prebuckling displacements. The results are compared to the buckling loads determined when membrane prebuckling displacements are considered. Review the influence of nonlinear prebuckling for the buckling loads, the difference between the actual and classical buckling loads are increased as the increments with the ratios of length to radius, for which is applied the axial compression, but almost same for the lateral pressure.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제51권11호
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• pp.535-543
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• 2002

Modern power grids are becoming more and more stressed with the load demands increasing continually. Therefore large stressed power systems exhibit complicated dynamic behavior when subjected to small disturbance. Especially, it is needed to analyze special conditions which make small signal stability structure varied according to operating conditions. This paper shows that the relation between small signal stability structure varied according to operating conditions. This paper shows that the relation between small signal stability and operating conditions can be identified well using node-focus point and 1:1 resonance point. Also, the weak point which limits operating range is found by the analysis of resonance condition, and it is shown that reactive power compensation may solve the problem in the weak points. The proposed method is applied to test systems, and the results illustrate its capabilities.