• International Journal of Contents
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.5-9
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• 2010

To manage large database system with video, effective video indexing and retrieval are required. A large number of video retrieval algorithms have been presented for frame-wise user query or video content query, whereas a few video identification algorithms have been proposed for video sequence query. In this paper, we propose an effective video identification algorithm for video sequence query that employs the Cauchy function of histograms between successive frames and the modified Hausdorff distance. To effectively match the video sequences with a low computational load, we make use of the key frames extracted by the cumulative Cauchy function and compare the set of key frames using the modified Hausdorff distance. Experimental results with several color video sequences show that the proposed algorithm for video identification yields remarkably higher performance than conventional algorithms such as Euclidean metric, and directed divergence methods.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

In order to reconstruct a 3D model in video sequences, to select key frames that are easy to estimate a geometric model is essential. This paper proposes a method to easily extract informative frames from a handheld video. The method combines selection criteria based on appropriate-baseline determination between frames, frame jumping for fast searching in the video, geometric robust information criterion (GRIC) scores for the frame-to-frame homography and fundamental matrix, and blurry-frame removal. Through experiments with videos taken in indoor space, the proposed method shows creating a more robust 3D point cloud than existing methods, even in the presence of motion blur and degenerate motions.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.421-445
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• 2010

In this paper the formulation of an efficient frame element applicable for nonlinear analysis of 3D reinforced concrete (RC) frames is outlined. Interaction between axial force and bending moment is considered by using the fibre element approach. Further, section warping, effect of normal and tangential forces on the torsional stiffness of section and second order geometrical nonlinearities are included in the model. The developed computer code is employed for nonlinear static analysis of RC sub-assemblages and a simple approach for extending the formulation to dynamic cases is presented. Dynamic progressive collapse assessment of RC space frames based on the alternate path method is undertaken and dynamic load factor (DLF) is estimated. Further, it is concluded that the torsional behaviour of reinforced concrete elements satisfying minimum standard requirements is not significant for the framed structures studied.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.551-565
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• 2018

Experimental testing is considered the most realistic approach to obtain a detailed representation of the nonlinear behaviour of masonry-infilled reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Among other applications, these tests can be used to calibrate the properties of numerical models such as simplified macro-models (e.g., strut-type models) representing the masonry infill behaviour. Since the significant cost of experimental tests limits their widespread use, alternative approaches need to be established to obtain adequate data to validate the referred simplified models. The proposed paper introduces a detailed finite element modelling strategy that can be used as an alternative to experimental tests to represent the behaviour of masonry-infilled RC frames under earthquake loading. Several examples of RC infilled frames with different infill configurations and properties subjected to cyclic loading are analysed using the proposed modelling approach. The comparison between numerical and experimental results shows that the numerical models capture the overall nonlinear behaviour of the physical specimens with adequate accuracy, predicting their monotonic stiffness, strength and several failure mechanisms.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.177-193
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• 2006

Determining the hysteretic energy demand and dissipation capacity and level of damage of the structure to a predefined earthquake ground motion is a highly non-linear problem and is one of the questions involved in predicting the structure's response for low-performance levels (life safe, near collapse, collapse) in performance-based earthquake resistant design. Neural Network (NN) analysis offers an alternative approach for investigation of non-linear relationships in engineering problems. The results of NN yield a more realistic and accurate prediction. A NN model can help the engineer to predict the seismic performance of the structure and to design the structural elements, even when there is not adequate information at the early stages of the design process. The principal aim of this study is to develop and test multi-layered feedforward NNs trained with the back-propagation algorithm to model the non-linear relationship between the structural and ground motion parameters and the hysteretic energy demand in steel moment resisting frames. The approach adapted in this study was shown to be capable of providing accurate estimates of hysteretic energy demand by using the six design parameters.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.981-989
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• 2006

The purpose of this article is to depict the relationship between the frames of leadership and the dependent variables such as job satisfaction, respect from subordinates, promotion, and effective attainment of unit objectives. To attain this purpose, for types of multiple leadership frames, such as structural, human resources, political, and symbolic frames were surveyed through questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS. The major findings are : 1) In general, the symbolic frame is an important factor having a stronger influence on job satisfaction, respect from subordinates, promotion, and effective attainment of unit objectives. 2) In details, the human resources frame shows a positive effects on job satisfaction and respect; the structural frame on effective attainment of unit objectives; the political frame, to a certain degree, on promotion; and the symbolic frame, especially on respect from subordinates, promotion, and effective attainment of unit objectives.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제37A권12호
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• pp.1043-1053
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• 2012

In distributed video coding (DVC) systems, the complexity of encoders is greatly reduced by removing the motion estimation operations in encoders, since the correlation between frames is utilized in decoders. The transmission of parity bits is requested through the feedback channel, until the related errors are corrected to decode the Wyner-Ziv frames. The requirement to use the feedback channel limits the application of DVC systems. In this paper, we propose an efficient method to remove the feedback channel in DVC systems. First, a simple side information generation method is proposed to calculate the amount of parity bits in the encoder, and it is shown that the proposed method yields good performance with low complexity. Then, by calibrating the theoretical entropy with three parameters, we can calculate the amount of parity bits in the encoder and remove the feedback channel. Moreover, an adaptive method to determine quantization parameters for key frames is proposed. Extensive computer simulations show that the proposed method yields better performance than conventional methods.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.699-712
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• 2017

This study evaluates the effectiveness of a newly developed retrofitting scheme for masonry-infilled non-ductile RC frames experimentally and by numerical simulation. The technique focuses on modifying the load path and yield mechanism of the infilled frame to enhance the ductility. A vertical gap between the column and the infill panel was strategically introduced so that no shear force is directly transferred to the column. Steel brackets and small vertical steel members were then provided to transfer the interactive forces between the RC frame and the masonry panel. Wire meshes and high-strength mortar were provided in areas with high stress concentration and in the panel to further reduce damage. Cyclic load tests on a large-scale specimen of a single-bay, single-story, masonry-infilled RC frame were carried out. Based on those tests, the retrofitting scheme provided significant improvement, especially in terms of ductility enhancement. All retrofitted specimens clearly exhibited much better performances than those stipulated in building standards for masonry-infilled structures. A macro-scale computer model based on a diagonal-strut concept was also developed for predicting the global behavior of the retrofitted masonry-infilled frames. This proposed model was effectively used to evaluate the global responses of the test specimens with acceptable accuracy, especially in terms of strength, stiffness and damage condition.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.31-51
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• 2012

This paper presents a computational study that explores the design of rigid steel frames by considering construction related costs. More specifically, two different aspects are investigated in this study focusing on the effects of (a) reducing the number of labor intensive rigid connections within a frame of given geometric layout, and (b) reducing the number of different member section types used in the frame. A genetic algorithm based optimization framework searches design space for these objectives. Unlike some studies that express connection cost as a factor of the entire frame weight, here connections and their associated cost factors are explicitly represented at the member level to evaluate the cost of connections associated with each beam. In addition, because variety in member section types can drive up construction related costs, its effects are evaluated implicitly by generating curves that show the trade off between cost and different numbers of section types used within the frame. Our results show that designs in which all connections are considered to be rigid can be excessively conservative: rigid connections can often be eliminated without any appreciable increase in frame weight, resulting in a reduction in overall cost. Eliminating additional rigid connections leads to further reductions in cost, even as frame weight increases, up to a certain point. These complex relationships between overall cost, rigid connections, and member section types are presented for a representative five-story steel frame.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.408-427
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• 2011

Intensive computational complexity is an obstacle of enabling multiview video coding for real-time applications. In this paper, we present a fast macroblock (MB) mode selection algorithm for B frames which are based on the computational complexity analyses between the MB mode selection and reference frame selection. Three strategies are proposed to reduce the coding complexity jointly. First, the temporal correlation of MB modes between current MB and its temporal corresponding MBs is utilized to reduce computational complexity in determining the optimal MB mode. Secondly, Lagrangian cost of SKIP mode is compared with that of Inter $16{\times}16$ modes to early terminate the mode selection process. Thirdly, reference frame correlation among different Inter modes is exploited to reduce the number of reference frames. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can promote the encoding speed by 3.71~7.22 times with 0.08dB PSNR degradation and 2.03% bitrate increase on average compared with the joint multiview video model.