• Mycobiology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.181-188
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• 2012

This study was initiated in order to investigate the anticancer and immunomodulating activities of crude polysaccharides extracted in methanol, neutral saline, and hot water (hereinafter referred to as Fr. MeOH, Fr. NaCl, and Fr. HW, respectively) from the fruiting bodies of Panellus serotinus. Content of ${\beta}$-glucan and protein in Fr. MeOH, Fr. NaCl, and Fr. HW extracts of P. serotinus ranged from 22.92~28.52 g/100 g and 3.24~3.68 g/100 g, respectively. In vitro cytotoxicity tests, none of the various fractions of crude polysaccharides were cytotoxic against sarcoma 180, HT-29, NIH3T3, and RAW 264.7 cell lines at the tested concentration. Intraperitoneal injection with crude polysaccharides resulted in a life prolongation effect of 23.53~44.71% in mice previously inoculated with sarcoma 180. Treatment with Fr. HW resulted in an increase in the numbers of spleen cells by 1.3 fold at the concentration of $50{\mu}g/mL$ compared with control. Treatment with Fr. NaCl resulted in improvement of the immuno-potentiating activity of B lymphocytes by increasing the alkaline phosphatase activity by 1.4 fold, compared with control, at the concentration of $200{\mu}g/mL$. Among the three fractions, maximum nitric oxide ($13.48{\mu}M$) was recorded at $500{\mu}g/mL$ in Fr. HW. Production of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-$1{\beta}$, and interleukin-6 was significantly higher, compared to the positive control, concanavalin A, at the tested concentration. Therefore, treatment with crude polysaccharides extracted from the fruiting body of P. serotinus could result in improvement of antitumor activity.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2014

Cauliflower mushroom widely known high concent of ${\beta}$-glucan for farm cultivation invigoration verified characteristics of mycelia growth, genetic diversity, resistance to Trichoderma by replacement culture with Trichoderma and growth characteristics of new variety crossbleeding strain. The result of replacement culture with Trichoderma for verification resistance about Trichoderma, 6951 (T. viride) strain did not show special change after formation of confrontation line and 6952 (T. spp.) strain was showed more formation of spore after formation of confrontation line. But 6426 (T. harzianum) strain found to encroach part of growth area of cauliflower mushroom mycelia. Among 10 kinds cauliflower mushroom strain, JF02-06 strain collected by Gurye, found did not spore of Trichoderma and thought to be resistant to Trichoderma. The result of crossbleeding after selected that mother strain good growth and formation of fruit body, verified good mycelia growth at JF02-47, 49 and 50 strain in Korean pine of wood-chip media. The result of gene sequence about ITS1, 5.8S and ITS4 for analysis of genetic diversity at crossbleeding strain, found high significance to other cauliflower mushroom in registered Genebank. The result of growth characteristic of spore and mycelia of cauliflower mushroom by observation microscope, size of spore showed water drop shape to major axis $6{\mu}m$ and minor axis $5{\mu}m$ and clamp showed 3 types in mycelia. The wide of mycelia was $3{\mu}m$. The characteristic of mycelia of cauliflower mushroom found to grow mycelia in clamp at approximately 50%. The growth speed of mycelia was $0.507{\mu}m/min$ and 2nd mycelia grown similar speed to mother mycelia at parallel with mother mycelia after growth speed at $0.082{\mu}m/min$. The formation of clamp made small clamp for 5 hours after shown transfer of electrolyte in mycelia inside. The septum formation started after 3 hours and then finally completed after 2 hours. In this study, strain of cauliflower mushroom verified resistance of Trichoderma, genetic diversity and characteristic of mycelia growth. Therefore, basic knowledge of cauliflower mushroom will improve and further contribute to development of mushroom industry.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.29-29
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• 2018

Sparassis latifolia is called "Cauliflower Mushroom" and is known as an edible mushroom that has high content of ${\beta}$-glucan. Recently, artificial cultivation of S. latifolia has been done by bottle, plastic bag and wood cultivation in Korea. However it is not widely used because there are low incubation ratio and yield. For the high efficiency of production, we aim to find the superior strains and media for better mycelial and fruit body growth. First, we analyzed the genetic relationship among 31 strains and divided five groups with three kinds of URP primers. And then ten strains were selected from five groups based on the experiment of mycelial growth. The suitability of media for mycelial growth was different according to media type. The suitable solid and liquid media for mycelial growth of S. latifolia isolates were PDA and M2, respectively. In addition, with regard to C/N ratio, the mycelial growth increased even until C/N 160. Second, we investigated the production of fruitbody of the strains by plastic bag cultivation. The substrate was mixed with larch sawdust, corn flour, and wheat flour (8:1:1, v/v). Moisture content of substrate was controlled by about 60% with 10% molasses solution. Out of 31 strains, 19 strains formed primordia. The eight strains produced more than 140g/1kg in fresh weight. Third, molasses culture media was selected for the mycelial growth. And molasses suitable sugar content and input aeration were around 8Brix% and 0.3~0.6vvm, respectively. The longer the incubation period is, the more dried weight of mycelia increased, but medium volume decreased. Therefore, the best incubation period was 9 to 11 days depending on strains. In the future, research project entitled development of culture system and new variety for stable production of S. latifolia will be considered as a new item.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.297-305
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• 2014

Red ginseng (RG) contains specific ginsenosides (Rg2, Rg3) which show various pharmacological effects and absorption rate in the body better than panax ginseng. Therefore many people have been used it for health for a long time. Furthermore, many researchers have been studying its biological activities for a long times because fermentation generates lots of beneficial small molecules good for health. In this study, we fermented red ginseng with mycelium of Leatiporus sulphures var. miniatus for 7 days. As a result, we found that three ginsenosides Rg1, Re and Rb2 were decreased from 0.24, 0.25, 0.16 mg/g to 0.12, 0.1, 0.03 mg/g respectively HPLC analysis. In addition, we studied biological activities of fermented red ginseng (FRG) about skin ageing such as anti-inflammation, cell migration, anti-oxidation, collagen type 1 synthesis, and MMP-1 inhibition activities. As a result, FRG were shown higher anti-inflammatory and cell migration promoting activities than RG. FRG inhibited production of nitric oxide (NO) and mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and decreased interleukin (IL)-6 induced by LPS stimulation in RAW 264.7 cells. In conclusion, this study suggest that FRG could be a potential source as a new natural anti-inflammatory agent.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2001

Paenibacillus sp. JB-13 producing the cyclodextrin glucan-otransferase(CGTase) [EC 2.4.1.19] that glucosylated ascorbic acid(AA) at the C-2 position was isolated form soil and the optimal conditions for the production of 2-O-$\alpha$-D- Glucopyranosl L-Ascorbic acid(AA-2G) with CGTase were investigated. CGTase produced AA-2G efficiently using dextrin as a substrate and AA as an aceptor. Several AA-2-oilgosaccharides(AA-2Gs) were also produced in this reaction mixture, and these were efficiently hydro-lyzed to AA-2G and glucose by the treatment with glucoamylase. The optimal temperature for AA-2G production was $37^{\circ}C$ and the optimal pH was around 6.5. CGTase also utilized $\alpha$-,$\beta$-,${\gamma}$-CDs, soluble starch, com statch, dia-static solution from rice and diastatic solution from malt as substrate, but not glucose. The reaction mixture for the maximal production of AA-2G was following; 15% total substrate concentration, 2,500 units/ml of CGTase and a mixing ration of 3:2(g of AA: g of dextrin). Under this condition, 56 mM of AA-2G ,which corresponded to 12.4% yield based on AA. was produced after incubation for 44 hrs at $37^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.5.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.504-509
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• 2018

A new black barley variety, "Heuksoojeongchal," was developed as a cross between "Keunalbori 1" and "Masankwamaek/Mortoni" at the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2014. Heuksoojeongchal had a longer culm length (89 cm) and a later average heading date and maturity than Seodunchalbori. It also had a spike length of 5.0 cm, $543spikes/m^2$, and 54 grains/spike. The 1000-grain weight of Heuksoojeongchal (36.0 g) was heavier than that of Seodunchalbori. Heuksoojeongchal showed resistance to barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV). The yield potential of Heuksoojeongchal was approximately 7% higher than that of Seodunchalbori upland, but the average yield potential was similar in upland and paddy fields. Among the quality characteristics, the ${\beta}-glucan$ content (6.7%) was higher and the amylose content (5.5%) was lower than those of Seodunchalbori. The whiteness of the black barley was low, and its absorption rate and spreadability were similar to those of Seodunchalbori.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.999-1005
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• 2017

Objective: Two experiments were conducted to determine the content of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) as well as the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in barley grains obtained from Australia, France or Canada. Methods: In Exp. 1, 18 growing barrows ($Duroc{\times}Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$; $31.5{\pm}3.2kg$) were individually placed in stainless-steel metabolism crates ($1.4{\times}0.7{\times}0.6m$) and randomly allotted to 1 of 3 test diets. In Exp. 2, eight crossbred pigs ($30.9{\pm}1.8kg$) were allotted to a replicate $3{\times}4$ Youden Square designed experiment with three periods and four diets. Two pigs received each diet during each test period. The diets included one nitrogen-free diet and three test diets. Results: The relative amounts of gross energy (GE), CP, and all AA in the Canadian barley were higher than those in Australian and French barley while higher concentrations of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, total dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber and ${\beta}-glucan$ as well as lower concentrations of GE and ether extract were observed in the French barley compared with the other two barley sources. The DE and ME as well as the SID of histidine, isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine in Canadian barley were higher (p<0.05) than those in French barley but did not differ from Australian barley. Conclusion: Differences in the chemical composition, energy content and the SID and AID of AA were observed among barley sources obtained from three countries. The feeding value of barley from Canada and Australia was superior to barley obtained from France which is important information in developing feeding systems for growing pigs where imported grains are used.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.125-133
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• 2020

A new oak mushroom cultivar 'Hwadam' was bred from monokaryotic strains of 'GMLE36062' and 'LE15401'. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth of 'Hwadam' on potato dextrose agar was 25℃. The cultivation period of 'Hwadam' lasted for 129 days until the first harvest of the fruiting bodies, including 35 days for spawn run, 84 days for browning, and 10 days for development of fruiting bodies. The fruiting bodies of 'Hwadam' had a hemispherical, brighter pileus and thicker stipe than the control cultivar (Sanjo 701ho). The three-cycle yield of 'Hwadam' was 554 g, which was higher than that of control cultivar (405 g). In addition, 'Hwadam' contained 79.4 mg/g of beta-glucan and 0.93 mg GAEs/g of phenolic compounds, which was similar to that of the control cultivar but higher than that of 'L808' and 'Chujae 2ho'.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1729-1735
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• 2004

A total of 140 weaning pigs were used to determine the effects of digestive enzyme supplementation to corn-soybean meal diets on growth performance, physiological changes of small intestine, microorganisms and pH in the gastrointestinal tract. Two kinds of enzyme complex (A, B) were used in this experiment. Pigs were allotted in a completely random design (CRD) to five replicates with four pigs per pen. Diets and water were provided for ad libitum consumption. Treatments included 1) Control: without enzyme supplementation, 2) Enzyme A 0.05%, 3) Enzyme A 0.10%, 4) Enzyme A 0.15%, 5) Enzyme B 0.05%, 6) Enzyme B 0.10%, 7) Enzyme B 0.15% in the diets. A total of 24 crossbred barrows 25.78${\pm}$0.55 kg BW fitted with simple ileal T-cannulas were used to evaluate the effect the enzyme addition on the nutrient digstibility. Pigs were allotted 4 treatments (No enzyme, enzyme A 0.05%, enzyme A 0.1%, enzyme A 0.15%), 6 replicates according to a completely random design (CRD). Another digestibility trial was followed for enzyme complex B. Twenty pigs, average 31.92${\pm}$0.37 kg BW, fitted with simple ileal T-cannulas for digestibility trial. Neither enzyme A nor enzyme B affected on fecal or ileal digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, crude protein, crude fat and crude ash (p>0.05). The apparent fecal digestibilities of all the nutrients were higher in total feces collection method than in indirect method. At the end of feeding trial, 21 pigs were slaughtered for examining the morphological changes of small intestine and the concentration of microorganisms in the ileum and the colon. Growth performance, intestinal morphology and pH of ileum and colon were not affected by the either enzyme complex supplementation (p>0.05). These results suggested that enzyme complex A and enzyme complex B were of no benefit to early-weaned pigs when corn-soybean meal based diet was provided.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.1171-1177
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• 2017

This study evaluated the functional components of barley bran with different particle sizes and cultivars (Dahan, Hinchalssalbori, Heukgwang, Huknuri, and Boseokchal). Barley bran divided into fractions I (<60 mesh), II (60~100 mesh), and III (>100 mesh) was collected as pearling by-products produced by an industrial process consisting of consecutive barley pearlers. Total ${\beta}-glucan$ contents of all cultivars were especially highest in fraction II. Total arabinoxylan was the highest in barley bran from Boseokchal in fraction II. Total polyphenol contents were the highest in bran from Boseokchal and Hinchalssal in fraction II, and contents ranged of 5.61~7.00 and 4.24~6.58, respectively. Total flavonoid contents of all cultivars were especially highest in fraction II. 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities ranged from 2.78~7.53 mg L-ascorbic acid (AA) eq/g and 2.24~4.83 mg AA eq/g, respectively. ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities were the highest in barley bran from Dahan in fraction II. In this study, fraction II showed enriched functional components and has the best particle size range for enriched antioxidant activities. These results provide useful data for selection of appropriate cultivars and particle size of bran to achieve high quality barley processing.