• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.3434-3436
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• 2010

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.162.1-162
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• 2003

천마(Gastrodia Rhizoma)는 뽕나무 버섯과 편리공생하는 난초과(Orcbidan ceae)에 속하는 다년생 초본인 천마(수자해좇, 정풍초, Gastrodia elata Blume)의 뿌리를 지칭하는 것으로서 잎이 없으며, 땅속의 괴경이 한약재로 이용된다. 주로 고혈압, 신경성질환, 당뇨병 등의 성인병 뿐 아니라 스트레스해소, 피로회복 등에 효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 있는 한약재이다. 천마의 주요 효능으로는 항경련 작용 및 항간질 작용에 대한 보고가 있으며, 약리작용을 나타내는 주요성분은 gastrodin, p-hydroxy benzyl alcohol, p-hydroxy benzyl aldehyde, vanillin등의 ployphenol성분으로 알려지고 있다. 한편 두부는 동물성 단백질 식품과는 다르게 열량과 포화지방 함량이 낮고 콜레스테롤이 함유되어 있지 않으며 ,가격이 저렴하여 경제적인 단백질 식품으로 각광받고 있다. 따라서 임상적, 약리적 효능이 있는 물질을 강화하여 기존두부에 비해 영양학적인 기능성을 향상시킬 목적으로 두유에 천마즙을 혼합하여 제조하였고, 기능성 두부제조시 가수량, 가열시간 및 천마즙의 첨가량이 두부수율에 미치는 영향과 텍스쳐, 색도, 탁도, 세균수 등의 품질특성을 일반 두부와 비교·검토하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.79-83
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• 1987

The reduction of a series of 1-substituted benzyl-3-cyanoquinolinium ions (p-$cH_3$, H, p-Br, m-F, p-CN) by sodium borohydride has been investigated. In all cases the products from these reactions were found to be 1, 2-dihydroquinolines over 82% yields. Rates of reduction were measured in basic condition and in solvent system consisting of 4 parts of isopropyl alcohol and 1 part of water by volume. Second order rate constants were obtained for these reactions. When the ratio of [$OH^-$] to [$BH_4^-$] becomes large the observed rate constants ($K_{obs}$) decrease by a small factor. Reaction scheme and rate law are discussed. Bronsted ${\alpha}(=\frac{d\;In\;k}{d\;In\;K})$ obtained by using the value of equilibrium constant K, which was obtained previously, was not 0. Instead, a value of 0.36 was obtained which indicated that the reduction by borohydride was structure-dependent according to the Marcus formalism even though the reaction rate was close to the diffusion limit.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.528-533
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• 1995

Metallic iridium and rhodium powders prepared from the reactions of [M(COD)(PhCN)2]ClO4 (M=Ir(1), Rh(2); COD=1,5-cyclooctadiene) with hydrogen at room temperature in methylene chloride show catalytic activities for hydrogenation of arenes at room temperature under atmospheric pressure of hydrogen. Most substituents (CH3, COOH, NO2, CH2OH, CHO, OPh, OCH3, C=C, halogens and CH2Cl) on aromatic ring suppress the rate of the hydrogenation of the aromatic ring while the aromatic ring hydrogenation of phenol and 1,4-dihydroxobenzene is faster than that of benzene over these metallic powders. Hydrogenation of benzoic acid occurs only at the aromatic ring leaving the COOH group intact over iridium metal powders while benzoic acid is not hydrogenated at all over rhodium metal powders. Carbonyl, nitro, acetylenic and olefinic groups on an aromatic ring are hydrogenated prior to the aromatic ring hydrogenation. Hydrogenolysis of OH groups of phenol, benzyl alcohol and 1,4-dihydroxobenzene, and hydrodehalogenation of halobenzenes, benzyl halides and cinnamyl chloride also occur along with the hydrogenation of aromatic ring.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.801-805
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• 2003

Volatile flavor components in chestnut (Castanea crenate Sieb. et Zucc.) flower were collected by SDE method using the mixture of n-pentane and diethylether as an extract solvent and were identified by GC-FID and GC/MS. A total of 122 components including 35 alcohols,5 hydrocarbons,20 terpene and derivatives,7 ketones, 24 aldehydes, 12 esters, 4 acids, 3 furans, and 2 miscellaneous were identified from total volatile extract of chestnut. Alcohols were comprise 36.58% of volatile extract and dominant constituents and the main components of flower volatiles were 1-phenylethanol (18.6%), (E)-geraniol, tricosane, heneicosane, benzyl alcohol, acetophenone and 2-phenylethanol as aromatic alcohols and odd carbon hydrocarbons. Especially 1-phenylethanol and acetophenone would be applicable to the markers to ascertain floral origin of chestnut honey. The powerful animal and floral notes of chestnut flower were characterized by compounds including nonanal.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.549-554
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• 1990

Glycosidically bound fraction was separated from apricot by Amberlite XAD-2 adsorption and eluted with methanol. Aglycones were liberated from the bound fraction by enzymatic hydrolysis, acid hydrolysis or by means of simultaneous distillation-extraction at pH 3.0. A total of 40 components were identified in three bound volatile fractions. Besides linalool oxide, linalool. ${\alpha}-terpineol$, nerol, geraniol, benzyl alcohol and 2-phenylethyl alcohol, previously reported as glycosidically bound volatiles, the following components were identified for the first time as glycosidically bound volatiles in apricot: 2,6-dimethyl-3,7-octadiene-2,6-diol , 3.7-dimethyl-1,5-octadiene-3,7-diol, (E)- and (Z)-2.6-dimethyl-2,7-octadiene-1,6-diol, $3,4-didehydro-{\beta}-ionol,\;3-oxo-{\alpha}-ionol$, $3-hydroxy-7,8-dihydro-{\beta}-ionol,\;3-oxo-7,8-dihydro-{\alpha}-ionol ,\;3-hydroxy-{\beta}-ionone$, eugenol, 4-hydroxyethylphenyl acetate and 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.254-259
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• 1994

The ever increasing demand for energy and the shortage of resources all over the world have generated interest in recycling renewable sources such as lignocelluloses which otherwise would go to waste and cause environmental pollution. Lignin is the incrustation material for cellulose and hemicellulose, therefore, cellulose and hemicellulose are not easily degraded. Recycling lignocellulosic wastes as agricultural material are benefit to everybody and everything. In order to improve ligninase and laccase production of Phanerochaete chrysosporium, BKM-F-1767 and Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, FP 90031-SP, were compared. The ligninase activity of P. chrysosporium was maximum on day 4.5 of shaking culture at 150 rpm 2.5 cm in a back and forth cycle. The laccase activity of C. subvermispora was maximum on day 5.5 for 2% malt extract+0.1% yeast extract+0.1% Tween 20+6 mM Benzyl alcohol culture medium at stationary state.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.3-9
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• 1983

Lithium n-butylborohydride was prepared from borane-dimethylsulfide (BMS) and n-butyllithium, and the approximate rates and stoichiometrics of its reactions with selected organic compounds containing representative functional groups were studied in THF at room temperature. Phenol and benzenetiol liberated hydrogen quickly and quantitatively, and the reactions of primary alcohols, 2,6-di-ter-butylphenol and 1-hexanethiol liberated hydrogen quantitatively within 3 hrs, whereas the reactions of secondary and tertiary alcohols were very slow. Aldehydes and ketones were reduced rapidly and quantitatively to the corresponding alcohols. Cinnamaldehyde utilized 1 equiv. of hydride rapidly, suggesting the reduction to cinnamyl alcohol. Carboxylic acids evolved 1 equiv. of hydrogen rapidly and further reduction was not observed. Anhydrides utilized 2 equiv. of hydride rapidly but further hydride uptake was very slow, showing a half reduction. Acid chlorides were reduced to the alcohol stage very rapidly. All the esters examined were reduced to the corresponding alcohol rapidly. Lactones were also reduced rapidly. Expoxides took up 1 equiv. of hydride at a moderate rate to be reduced to the corresponding alcohols. Nitriles and primary amides were inert to this hydride system, whereas tertiary amide underwent slow reduction. Nitroethane and nitrobenzene were reduced slowly, however azobenzene and azoxybenzene were quite inert. Cyclohexanone oxime evolved 1 equiv. of hydrogen rapidly, but no further reduction was observed. Phenyl isocyanate and pyridine N-oxide were proceeded slowly, showing 1.74 and 1.53 hydride uptake, respectively in 24 hours. Diphenyl disulfide was reduced rapidly, whereas di-n-butyl disulfide, sulfone and sulfonic acids were inert or sluggish. n-Hexyl iodide and benzyl bromide reacted rapidly, but n-octyl bromide, n-octyl chloride, and benzyl chloride reacted very slowly.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.3252-3260
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• 2012

2,2'-Bipyridinium chlorochromate[$C_{10}H_8N_2HCrO_3Cl$] was synthesized by the reaction of 2,2'- bipyridine with chromium(VI) trioxide in 6M HCl. The structure was characterized by IR and ICP analysis. The oxidation of benzyl alcohol using 2,2'-bipyridinium chlorochromate in various solvents showed that the reactivity increased with the increase in the order of the dielectric constant(${\varepsilon}$), in the order: cyclohexene< chloroform$p-CH_3$, H, m-Br, $m-NO_2$) in N,N'-dimethylformamide. Electron-donating substituents accelerated the reaction, whereas electron acceptor groups retarded the reaction. The Hammett reaction constant(${\rho}$) was -0.64(303K). The oxidation reactivity of alcohols can be a useful factor to study about physical properties such as thermal stability, when the polysilsesquioxane solution is ready for an applying coating agent. The observed experimental data was used to rationalized the hydride ion transfer in the rate-determining step.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.351-355
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• 2015

$Pd/TiO_2$ catalysts for aerobic benzyl alcohol oxidation were synthesized and eight different room temperature ionic liquids were used to control the palladium properties as active sites. $Pd/TiO_2$ particles were also calcined at 300, 400 and $500^{\circ}C$ to obtain an optimum catalyst. As the calcination temperature increased, the surface area and pore volume of catalyst decreased, but negligible changes were observed for the pore size of catalyst. However, the structural properties of catalyst varied with respect to the type of ionic liquids. Under identical reaction conditions, different catalytic activities were obtained depending upon the calcination temperature and type of ionic liquids. Mostly, the catalyst calcined at $400^{\circ}C$ showed higher catalytic activity than those at other temperatures. However, the catalyst prepared with 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate showed good catalytic performance after calcination at $300^{\circ}C$. Among the catalyst, $Pd/TiO_2$ prepared with 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and calcined at $400^{\circ}C$ showed the highest catalytic activity.