• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.103-114
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• 2022

The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the fastest technologies that are used in various applications and fields. The concept of IoT will not only be limited to the fields of scientific and technical life but will also gradually spread to become an essential part of our daily life and routine. Before, IoT was a complex term unknown to many, but soon it will become something common. IoT is a natural and indispensable routine in which smart devices and sensors are connected wirelessly or wired over the Internet to exchange and process data. With all the benefits and advantages offered by the IoT, it does not face many security and privacy challenges because the current traditional security protocols are not suitable for IoT technologies. In this paper, we presented a comprehensive survey of the latest studies from 2018 to 2021 related to the security of the IoT and the use of machine learning (ML) and deep learning and their applications in addressing security and privacy in the IoT. A description was initially presented, followed by a comprehensive overview of the IoT and its applications and the basic important safety requirements of confidentiality, integrity, and availability and its application in the IoT. Then we reviewed the attacks and challenges facing the IoT. We also focused on ML and its applications in addressing the security problem on the IoT.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.31-56
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• 2024

Pig farming, a vital industry, necessitates proactive measures for early disease detection and crush symptom monitoring to ensure optimum pig health and safety. This review explores advanced thermal sensing technologies and computer vision-based thermal imaging techniques employed for pig disease and piglet crush symptom monitoring on pig farms. Infrared thermography (IRT) is a non-invasive and efficient technology for measuring pig body temperature, providing advantages such as non-destructive, long-distance, and high-sensitivity measurements. Unlike traditional methods, IRT offers a quick and labor-saving approach to acquiring physiological data impacted by environmental temperature, crucial for understanding pig body physiology and metabolism. IRT aids in early disease detection, respiratory health monitoring, and evaluating vaccination effectiveness. Challenges include body surface emissivity variations affecting measurement accuracy. Thermal imaging and deep learning algorithms are used for pig behavior recognition, with the dorsal plane effective for stress detection. Remote health monitoring through thermal imaging, deep learning, and wearable devices facilitates non-invasive assessment of pig health, minimizing medication use. Integration of advanced sensors, thermal imaging, and deep learning shows potential for disease detection and improvement in pig farming, but challenges and ethical considerations must be addressed for successful implementation. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art technologies used in the pig farming industry, including computer vision algorithms such as object detection, image segmentation, and deep learning techniques. It also discusses the benefits and limitations of IRT technology, providing an overview of the current research field. This study provides valuable insights for researchers and farmers regarding IRT application in pig production, highlighting notable approaches and the latest research findings in this field.

• STI Policy Review
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.99-132
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• 2018

Developing countries face numerous challenges in the process of building science, technology, and research capacity; in particular, the formation and accumulation of skilled S&T workforce. The lack of organized and sustainable higher education options (Master and Doctoral programs), nonexistent or low-quality academic programs, and the absence of research-oriented study options are some of the strong contributors for talented students to emigrate to developed countries. At the same time, the consolidation of a global knowledge economy, the internationalization of higher education, and the competition to attract foreign talent in industrialized countries present challenges for underdeveloped nations to retain their already scarce skilled human resources. In this context, student mobility has been used as a policy mechanism to cope with S&T workforce shortages in S&T laggard nations. It has also enabled opportunities for international cooperation to play a key role. While significant literature has been devoted to studying the gains of developed nations with the arrival and potential migration of the mobilized students, few scholarly inquiries have addressed the benefits and losses experienced by their countries of origin. More importantly, limited research can be found on policy options and policy implications for developing countries to deal with the dilemmas presented by the brain-drain/brain-circulation debate. The goal of this article is to study empirical evidence of an international cooperation initiative for student mobility between the Republic of Korea and Guatemala (implemented during 2009-2015). The paper analyzes this particular international cooperation experience from the perspective of the different actors involved and attempts to draw policy implications and policy options for developing countries to deal with potential risks and gains derived from international mobility for their S&T capacity building.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.471-485
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• 2018

The Republic of Korea (ROK) has made many efforts to reduce greenhouse gases through a legal framework, making obligations to reach domestic and overseas targets via the Paris Convention in 2015. China recently launched a nation-wide emission trading system (ETS) and has considered extending this ETS to include the ROK. This study examines the possibility of linking the ETS between ROK and China by considering the institutional design elements of the ETS. Additionally, this study provides policy implications to reach Korea's overseas reduction target. For the research methodology, the design elements of both the ROK and China policies were analyzed by categorizing their standard design elements based on the International Carbon Action Partnership. This paper focuses on four main barriers (cap type, borrowing, offset and price ceiling) based on their environmental benefits and analyzes the challenges to combining the design elements between the ROK and China systems. The two ETS commonly share the same cap types, and there is similar institutional progress regarding the offset and price ceiling. In addition to this, note that China has a borrowing system that is opposite to the borrowing system in ROK. According to these findings, there are major challenges to linking the ROK and China systems due to differences in the major design elements. Thus, it is necessary to modify the Korean domestic borrowing system and understand the Chinese institutional processes related to environmental negotiation to achieve further cooperation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.4455-4457
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• 2013

In the new millennium people are facing serious challenges in health care, especially with increasing non-communicable diseases (NCD). One of the most common NCDs is cancer which is the leading cause of death in developed countries and in developing countries is the second cause of death after heart diseases. Cancer registry can make possible the analysis, comparison and development of national and international cancer strategies and planning. Information technology has a vital role in quality improvement and facility of cancer registries. With the use of IT, in addition to gaining general benefits such as monitoring rates of cancer incidence and identifying planning priorities we can also gain specific advantages such as collecting information for a lifetime, creating tele medical records, possibility of access to information by patient, patient empowerment, and decreasing medical errors. In spite of the powerful role of IT, we confront various challenges such as general problems, like privacy of the patient, and specific problems, including possibility of violating patients rights through misrepresentation, omission of human relationships, and decrease in face to face communication between doctors and patients. By implementing appropriate strategies, such as identifying authentication levels, controlling approaches, coding data, and considering technical and content standards, we can optimize the use of IT. The aim of this paper is to emphasize the need for identifying positive and negative effects of modern IT on cancer registry in general and specific aspects as an approach to cancer care management.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.255-263
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• 2021

Smart grid is a fully-automated, bi-directional, power transmission network based on the physical grid system, which combines sensor measurement, computer, information communication, and automatic control technology. Blockchain technology, with its security features, can be integrated with Smart Grids to provide secure and efficient power management and transmission. This paper dicusses the deployment of Blockchain technology in Smart Grid. It presents application areas and protocols in which blockchain can be applied to in securing smart grid. One application of each area is explored in detail, such as efficient peer-to-peer transaction, lower platform costs, faster processes, greater flexibility in power generation to transmission, distribution and power consumption in different energy storage systems, current barriers obstructing the implementation of blockchain applications with some level of maturity in financial services but concepts only in energy and other sectors. Wide range of energy applications suggesting a suitable blockchain architecture in smart grid operations, a sample block structure and the potential blockchain technicalities employed in it. Also, added with efficient data aggregation schemes based on the blockchain technology to overcome the challenges related to privacy and security in the smart grid. Later on, consensus algorithms and protocols are discussed. Monitoring of the usage and statistics of energy distribution systems that can also be used to remotely control energy flow to a particular area. Further, the discussion on the blockchain-based frameworks that helps in the diagnosis and maintenance of smart grid equipment. We have also discussed several commercial implementations of blockchain in the smart grid. Finally, various challenges have been discussed for integrating these technologies. Overall, it can be said at the present point in time that blockchain technology certainly shows a lot of potentials from a customer perspective too and should be further developed by market participants. The approaches seen thus far may have a disruptive effect in the future and might require additional regulatory intervention in an already tightly regulated energy market. If blockchains are to deliver benefits for consumers (whether as consumers or prosumers of energy), a strong focus on consumer issues will be needed.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.223-234
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• 2024

This review explores the potential of pillared bentonite materials as solid acid catalysts for synthesizing diethyl ether, a promising renewable energy source. Diethyl ether offers numerous environmental benefits over fossil fuels, such as lower emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and carbon oxides (CO_x) gases and enhanced fuel properties, like high volatility and low flash point. Generally, the synthesis of diethyl ether employs homogeneous acid catalysts, which pose environmental impacts and operational challenges. This review discusses bentonite, a naturally occurring alumina silicate, as a heterogeneous acid catalyst due to its significant cation exchange capacity, porosity, and ability to undergo modifications such as pillarization. Pillarization involves intercalating polyhydroxy cations into the bentonite structure, enhancing surface area, acidity, and thermal stability. Despite the potential advantages, challenges remain in optimizing the yield and selectivity of diethyl ether production using pillared bentonite. The review highlights the need for further research using various metal oxides in the pillarization process to enhance surface properties and acidity characteristics, thereby improving the catalytic performance of bentonite for the synthesis of diethyl ether. This development could lead to more efficient, environmentally friendly synthesis processes, aligning with sustainable energy goals.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.89-109
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• 2008

마케팅 경로 관리에 있어서 하이브리드 경로를 활용할 때는 경로 통제 잇점(직접경로)과 경로 관리의 유연성(간접경로)을 동시에 기대할 수 있다. 그러나 동시에 거래 당사자들의 다양한 이질적 기대치와 우선적 권리 확보 성향과 충돌할 수 있는 위험에 노출되게 된다. 따라서, 본 연구는 하이브리드 경로 관리의 비용과 편익에 대한 이해를 높이고자 시작된 것이며, 특히 패션의류시장에서 빈번히 활용되는 하이브리드 마케팅 경로, 당사자 간의 상호 지배문제, 상호 갈등문제 그리고 경로 관리 효율성을 높이고자 수행된 것이다. 이를 위해, 첫째, 기업간 지배 및 기업내 지배 문제를 통해 마케팅 경로 관리를 분석하고 나아가 판매원(샵마스터)관리 문제를 통합하여 분석하고자 한다. 둘째, 본 연구에 제시된 하나의 개별 틀 속에서 경로 지배관련 두 관점을 하나로 통합하여 추후 연구토대를 제시하고있다. 패션의류 메이커와 소매업자간의 경로 관계를 축으로 실증 조사된 결과, 본 연구에서 제시된 이론적 가설이 긍정적으로 뒷받침 되고 있다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2024

일반적으로 드론이라고 불리는 무인항공체계(UAS)는 건설 분야에서 다양한 연구를 수행해 관련 기술이 도입되고 있다. 본 연구의 주요 목표는 건설산업에서 드론 도입 수준과 예상되는 영향을 조사하고 드론 활성화에 있어 발생하는 한계점에 따른 해결방안을 제안하는 것이다. 21명의 전문가의 설문조사 및 그룹 인터뷰를 종합한 결과 응답자들은 건설현장 내 드론의 적용 수준 대비 도입 필요성 및 기술 개발 잠재력을 높게 평가였다. 응답자들은 드론이 건설 안전 및 생산성 향상에 가장 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상하며, 드론 도입을 저해하는 세 가지 문제점으로서 UAS 모니터링 시스템 구축 비용 부담, 데이터 교환 및 관리 시스템 부재, 드론 사용을 위한 전문 교육의 필요성을 도출하고 각 요인의 극복 방안을 제시하였다. 본 연구는 건설현장에서의 드론 사용 수준 및 기대 효과를 파악하고 드론 활성화를 위한 현 과제와 예상 해결방안을 식별하는데 기여하고 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.1017-1035
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• 2018

The European Union (EU) is the world's third largest producer of beef. This contributes to the economy, rural development, social life, culture and gastronomy of Europe. The diversity of breeds, animal types (cows, bulls, steers, heifers) and farming systems (intensive, extensive on permanent or temporary pastures, mixed, breeders, feeders, etc) is a strength, and a weakness as the industry is often fragmented and poorly connected. There are also societal concerns regarding animal welfare and environmental issues, despite some positive environmental impacts of farming systems. The EU is amongst the most efficient for beef production as demonstrated by a relative low production of greenhouse gases. Due to regional differences in terms of climate, pasture availability, livestock practices and farms characteristics, productivity and incomes of beef producers vary widely across regions, being among the lowest of the agricultural systems. The beef industry is facing unprecedented challenges related to animal welfare, environmental impact, origin, authenticity, nutritional benefits and eating quality of beef. These may affect the whole industry, especially its farmers. It is therefore essential to bring the beef industry together to spread best practice and better exploit research to maintain and develop an economically viable and sustainable beef industry. Meeting consumers' expectations may be achieved by a better prediction of beef palatability using a modelling approach, such as in Australia. There is a need for accurate information and dissemination on the benefits and issues of beef for human health and for environmental impact. A better objective description of goods and services derived from livestock farming is also required. Putting into practice "agroecology" and organic farming principles are other potential avenues for the future. Different future scenarios can be written depending on the major driving forces, notably meat consumption, climate change, environmental policies and future organization of the supply chain.