• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.139-148
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• 2018

Assessment of NPP(Nuclear Power Plant) decommissioning cost is very important for safe decommissioning of nuclear power plants. In the United States, which has the most NPP decommissioning experience, the cost evaluation study has been conducted since the 1970s in order to decommissioning nuclear facilities. The US NRC has conducted studies on decommissioning technology, safety and cost for a variety of reactor type and nuclear installations. In the total decommissioning costs, the end of operation licenses accounted for the largest portion, followed by spent fuel management and site restoration. In case of immediate decommissioning, spent fuel management cost increased compared to delayed decommissioning, and delayed deocmmissioning increased the cost of terminating the operation license. However, in general, delayed decommissioning does not show any significant benefit as compared with immediate decommissioning. It is necessary to consider the evaluation according to the site conditions when evaluating the cost of decommissioning domestic nuclear power plants. Also, in Korea, IAEA recommendations were applied to reorganize the radioactive waste classification system. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method to appropriately use the decommissioning data of the preceding US Nuclear Power Plant in the new classification system when estimating the amount of radioactive waste generated during decommissioning. In particular, the establishment of the evaluation methodology for the waste to be disposed of will be an important factor in securing the accuracy of the decommissioning cost. In addition, it is necessary to construct information data that can be applied to facility characteristics and work characteristics in order to evaluate the cost of demolition of domestic nuclear power plants.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.295-304
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• 2006

Residual materials such as veterinary drugs, environmental contaminants, and pesticides are affecting food safety. High resolution techniques and quality controls are needed to analyze these materials from part per million to part per trillion quantities in food. In order to achieve quality results, standardized methods and techniques are required. Our laboratories were prepared to obtain a certificate of accreditation for ISO/IEC 17025 in the analytical criteria of animal drugs, dioxins, pesticides, and heavy metals. ISO together with IEC has built a strategic partnership with the World Trade Organization with the common goal of promoting a free and fair global trading system. ISO collaborates with the United Nations Organization and its specialized agencies and commissions, particularly those involved in the harmonization of regulations and public policies including the World Health Organization and CODEX Alimentarius for food safety measurement, management and traceability. Our goal was to have high quality analysts, proper analytical methods, good laboratory facilities, and safety systems within guidelines of ISO/IEC 17025. All staff members took requirement exams. We applied proficiency tests in the analysis of veterinary drugs (nitrofuran metabolites, sulfonamide and tetracyclines), dioxins, organophosphorus pesticides, and heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As) to the Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme (FAPAS) at Central Science Laboratory, Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), England. The results were very satisfactory. All documents were prepared, including system management, laboratory management, standard operational procedures for testing, reporting, and more. The criteria encompassed the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025:1999. Finally, the Korea Laboratory Accreditation Scheme (KOLAS) accredited our testing laboratories in accordance with the provisions of Article 23 of the National Standards Act. The accreditation will give us the benefit of becoming a regional reference laboratory in Asia.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.168-175
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• 2008

Project risk factors are major triggers in cost performance in construction projects. Both owners and contractors are highly concerned in managing their risks in earlier times. As such, it is needed to provide a robust risk evaluation methodology in identifying and assessing the potential risks before project execution. In previous research, risk identification was conducted only in specific phases, i. e., design, procurement, construction. Therefore, the comprehensive approach in risk management was limited and their quantifying method was not well-defined. Since the benefit of planning in earlier times are maximized compared to later times, the risk management should be implemented in earlier planning stage. This study provide a new risk evaluation method by incorporating previous research and extensive literature review. By quantifying each risk factor from an extensive industry survey, the proposed tool can enhance the reliability of each factor weight and also the weights are categorized from a various perspectives, i.e., owners, contractors, lager-scale company, smaller-scale company, building projects. The proposed tool can be also useful in deciding on whether to proceed a particular project and How much the project contingency would be set aside in project execution. The study findings can also expedite the risk management procedure in a more systematic approach.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.29-52
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• 2004

Social welfare has transformed from a provider-centered welfare into a user-centered welfare. This trend have to increase the right to welfare and convenience for users. If the goal of social welfare guaranteed the respecting man's life and dignity, we had not regarded service users as the weak in the welfare system. The reinforcement of service users as the reconfirmation of welfare user's identity, mistreatment and violation of another's rights, self-determination must have the advocacy system. The advocacy for social welfare is the activity for benefit of individual, group, and community, and, protection, guarantee and maintenance of client's right. However, the client is hard to realization of right. therefore We have to support the activity for advocacy. The advocacy take aim the basic need of life and need the system for life support and safeguard client's rights. The mission of the advocacy for welfare service user is to advance the dignity, equality, self-determination, and expressed choices of individuals. We promote, expand, protect and seek to ensure the human and legal rights of individuals through the provision of information and advocacy. The advocacy system will carry out this mission in partnership with welfare service users. The goals for the advocacy system are organized into the following focus areas, which are not listed in order of priority: the majority guardian system and the support activity for service users, a predicament solution activity, service assessment, informed concent system.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.75-86
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• 2009

Objectives: To identify the factors associated with the intention to undergo mammography among Korean women without a prior screening experience. Methods: Among 1,039 women of the general population, we selected 145 women (mean age: 54.2 years, age range : 40-78 years) without any prior experience with mammography. They were recruited for the 'Cancer Information Needs Assessment Survey' by using the method of random multi-stage cluster sampling. Data on the socio-demographic characteristics, intention to undergo mammography based on the Precaution Adoption Process Model, level of self belief and self efficacy for breast cancer screening, motivation for decision to undergo breast cancer screening were obtained by conducting a household survey. Results: Of the study subjects, 49.7% were classified as "unengaged" and "decided not to act" regarding breast cancer screening. Women with the intention to undergo mammography were more likely to be younger (OR 0.11, 95%CI 0.04-0.36), to have been recommended to undergo screening by others (OR 3.27, 95%CI 1.36-7.87), to have a high level of perceived sensitivity (OR 3.15, 95%CI 1.27-7.82), and to have a high level of self efficacy (OR 1.09, 95%CI 0.97-1.23). Exposure to campaigns and information regarding breast cancer screening, whether cancer patients are or not in around, perceived severity, perceived benefit, and perceived cost were factors that were not significantly associated with the intention to undergo mammography. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop tailored intervention strategies for women who have never undergone breast cancer screening on the basis of their demographic characteristics and factors that positively influence the intention to undergo mammography.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2013

Objectives This study was aimed to develop the clinical practice guidelines, which focuses on Sasang Constitutional Medicine symptomology. By developing clinical practice guidelines, we should present prevention, diagnosis, treatment and assessment of Sasang Constitutional Medicine. Methods We used the method of University of Michigan Health System Guidelines model. Electronic databases including English, Korean databases were systematically searched for clinical articles investigating Sasang Constitutional Medicine symptomology up to March 2010. And "Donguisusebowon-ShinChukbon" was basically used to develop clinical guidelines. Results and Conclusions 12,694 Articles were reviewed. Only 25 articles described adequate methods of this study. Using clinical practice guidelines, we can manage th quality of medicine, emphasis treatment appropriacy and educate patients and doctors. Finally We can get the Sasang Constitutional Medicine standardization and socioeconomic benefit.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.99-106
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• 2013

Personal information protection has become one of the most impending business issues because leakage of personal information can cause tremendous financial losses and image degradation. Consequently, personal information protection initiatives have been recognized widely in business. To invigorate personal information protection investments, performance measurement method such as cost benefits analysis or qualitative analyses are needed, which have not been studied enough in the previous studies. This study proposes a performance measurement model which can include quantitative and qualitative analyses in the context of personal information protection investments. A comparative analysis has been performed on security investment and IT investment performance measurements, which leads to choose the WiBe method (developed by the German Interior Ministry), considering the privacy characteristics and the method's applicability. In particular, the quantitative effect measured how proactive threat assessment based on the way according to the nature of the businesses and organizations of privacy and possible investment decisions. This study proposes the 16 performance indicators, which turn out to be meaningful in terms of their materiality and feasibility by conducting focus group interviews of 25 experts on personal information protection.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.11
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• pp.961-971
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• 2020

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported that the amount of precipitation in South Korea would increase regardless of the reduction of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. Moreover, the temporal and spatial rainfall variation would also increase in the future. Due to the geographic allocation of Korea, more than 80% of the annual precipitation occurs in the wet season from early July to late September. It is expected that the average precipitation in this period will increase from the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenario projections. These predictions imply an increased variability of available water resources. Rainwater harvesting system is widely used as an alternative water resources today. This study introduces a RBSN (rain barrel sharing network) as an efficient way to utilize alternative water resources under the RCP scenarios. The concept of RBSN combines individual rainwater harvesting system to a sharing network, which make the whole system more reliable. This study evaluated a RBSN in South Korea composed of four users based on a storage-reliability-yield (SRY) relationship. The study area comprises all 17 provincal areas in South Korea. The result showed a huge benefit from a RBSN in Korea under the historical rainfall condition. Even in the climate change condition, the results showed that a RBSN is still beneficial but the changes in reliability are different depending on provinces in Korea. The results of this study shows that a RBSN is a very effective and alternative measure that can deal with the impacts of climate change in the near future.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2015

Objectives: A vertebral compression fracture (VCF) is characterized by back pain and fracture of a vertebral body on spinal radiography. VCFs of the thoraco lumbar spine are common in the elderly. In general, appropriate analgesics should be prescribed to reduce pain and, thus, promote early mobilization. The ideal treatment approach for VCFs has not been determined. In Korea, acupuncture and herbal medication have been used to treat VCFs for many years. There is empirical evidence that acupuncture might benefit patients with a VCF. However, no randomized, controlled, clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and the safety of acupuncture for treating a VCF have been published. Therefore, we designed a randomized, controlled, pilot, clinical trial to obtain information for the design of a further full scale trial. Methods: A five week protocol for a randomized, controlled, pilot, clinical trial is presented. Fourteen patients will be recruited and randomly allocated to two groups: a control group receiving interlaminar epidural steroid injections once a week for three weeks, and an experimental group receiving interlaminar epidural steroid injections plus acupuncture treatment (three acupuncture sessions per week for three weeks, nine sessions in total). The primary outcomes will be the pain intensity (visual analogue scale and PainVision$^{TM}$ system). The secondary outcome measurements will be the answers on the short form McGill pain questionnaire and the oswestry disability index. Assessments will be made at baseline and at one, three, and five weeks. The last assessment (week five) will take place two weeks after treatment cessation. This study will provide both an indication of feasibility and a clinical foundation for a future large scale trial. The outcomes will provide additional resources for incorporating acupuncture into existing treatments, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications, narcotics and vertebral augmentation. This article describes the protocol.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.13-22
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• 2016

This study is aimed at compare and evaluate the environmental impact of End-of-Life Vehicle(ELV) on the eco-friendly technology dismantling and recycling system, using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. In this study, it was analyzed for the environmental impacts of raw materials, disassemble process, recycle parts separation and waste treatment into the process of ELV treatment by greenhouse gas and resource consumption, etc. Through this study, the indoor rail type dismantling technology were recycling rate applied on the alternate system was increased by approximately 8%. As a result, it was 3 to 88% by improving the environmental impact category. In addition, the added benefit of approximately 8 - 62% in pre-market occurred through the recycling rate, improve parts reuse rate of ELV. Through the results of this study, legal compliance, improved reuse and recycling ratio, used parts market reach, enable exports has identified the need for the effort that the dissemination and diffusion of eco-friendly technology.