• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2013

The present work dealt with the high temperature thermal shock properties of 316 stainless steels, in conjunction with a detailed analysis of their microstructures. In particular, the effects of the thermal shock temperature difference and thermal shock cycle number on the properties of 316 stainless steels were investigated. A thermal shock test for 316 stainless steel was carried out at thermal shock temperature differences from $300^{\circ}C$ to $1000^{\circ}C$. The cyclic thermal shock test for the 316 stainless steel was performed at a thermal shock temperature difference of $700^{\circ}C$ up to 100 cycles. The characterization of 316 stainless steels was evaluated using an optical microscope and a three-point bending test. Both the microstructure and flexural strength of 316 stainless steels were affected by the high-temperature thermal shock. The flexural strength of 316 stainless steels gradually increased with an increase in the thermal shock temperature difference, accompanied by a growth in the grain size of the microstructure. However, a thermal shock temperature difference of $800^{\circ}C$ produced a decrease in the flexural strength of the 316 stainless steel because of damage to the material surface. The properties of 316 stainless steels greatly depended on the thermal shock cycle number. In other words, the flexural strength of 316 stainless steels decreased with an increase in the thermal shock cycle number, accompanied by a linear growth in the grain size of the microstructure. In particular, the 316 stainless steel had a flexural strength of about 500 MPa at 100 thermal-shock cycles, which corresponded to about 80% of the strength of the as-received materials.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2023

배관의 변형 능력을 향상할 수 있는 지진분리이음의 적용은 내진성능을 향상할 수 있는 효과적인 방법이다. 축 방향의 팽창 및 수축, 휨 변형에 대한 능력이 있는 지진분리이음은 변형이 예상되는 위치에 설치하여 배관을 안전하게 보호하기 위한 목적으로 사용된다. 벨로우즈는 유연하며 강성이 낮으므로 큰 변형에 대응하는 능력이 뛰어나기 때문에 지진분리이음으로 사용할 수 있다. 이 연구에서는 2겹 및 3겹 벨로우즈 시험체의 휨 변형에 대한 내진성능과 한계상태를 평가하였다. 내진성능은 지진하중으로 인한 저주기 피로를 고려하기 위하여 점진반복하중을 적용하여 평가하였다. 평가된 내진성능의 한계상태에 대한 여유도를 확인하기 위하여 일정한 진폭의 반복하중을 적용한 실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과 벨로우즈 시험체는 스테인리스 강재로 제작되어 연신율이 높아 3겹 벨로우즈 시험체의 최대 가력 변위에서도 2겹 벨로우즈 시험체는 3 사이클 이내로 저항하는 한계성능을 가짐을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.611-621
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• 2019

Precast concrete structure has many advantages, but the assembled seam will affect potentially the overall seismic performance of structure. Based on the sidewall joint located in the bottom of assembled monolithic subway station, the main objectives of this study are, on one hand to present an experimental campaign on the seismic behavior of precast sidewall joint (PWJ) and cast-in-place sidewall joint (CWJ) subjected to low-cycle repeated loading, and on the other hand to explore the effect of shape and position of assembled seam on load carrying capacity and crack width of precast sidewall joint. Two full-scale specimens were designed and tested. The important index of failure pattern, loading carrying capacity, deformation performance and crack width were evaluated and compared. Based on the test results, a series of different height and variably-shape of assembled seam of precast sidewall joint were considered. The test and numerical investigations indicate that, (1) the carrying capacity and deformation capacity of precast sidewall and cast-in-place sidewall were very similar, but the crack failure pattern, bending deformation and shearing deformation in the plastic hinge zone were different obviously; (2) the influence of the assembled seam should be considered when precast underground structures located in the aquifer water-bearing stratum; (3) the optimal assembled seam shape and position can be suggested for the design of precast underground concrete structures according to the analysis results.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2017

This paper presents a rotordynamic analysis and the operation of a power turbine applied to a 250 kW super-critical $CO_2$ cycle. The power turbine consists of a turbine wheel and a shaft supported by two fluid film bearings. We use a tilting pad bearing for the power turbine owing to the high speed operation, and employ copper backing pads to improve the thermal management of the bearing. We conduct a rotordynamic analysis based on the design parameters of the power turbine. The dynamic coefficients of the tilting pad bearings were calculated based on the iso-thermal lubrication theory and turbine wheel was modeled as equivalent inertia. The predicted Cambell diagram showed that there are two critical speeds, namely the conical and bending critical speeds under the rated speed. However, the unbalance response prediction showed that vibration levels are controlled within 10 mm for all speed ranges owing to the high damping ratio of the modes. Additionally, the predicted logarithmic decrement indicates that there is no unstable mode. The power turbine uses compressed air at a temperature of $250^{\circ}C$ in its operation, and we monitor the shaft vibration and temperature of the lubricant during the test. In the steady state, we record a temperature rise of $40^{\circ}C$ between the inlet and outlet lubricant and the measured shaft vibration shows good agreement with the prediction.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제52권8호
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• pp.348-353
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• 2003

This paper was the research of high voltage suspension insulator (400 [kN]) including pottery stone, feldspar, clay and alumina of 17 [wt%]. The slurry was fabricated after ball milling mixed raw materials. Green compacts were made by the extrusion of jiggering method and were sintered at 1300[$^{\circ}C$] for 50 [min.] in the tunnel kiln. The sintered density was reached to 97% of theoretical density, and the bending strength was 1658 [k $g_{f}$/$\textrm{cm}^2$] and hardness and fracture toughness which was measured by ICL( indentation crack length ) method were 1658 (kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$) and 27.5 [Gpa], respectively. In measurement of tana and insulation break voltage of 400 (kN) porcelain, tan$\delta$ took some numerical value between 17${\times}$10$_{-3}$ and 61${\times}$10$_{-3}$ and insulation break voltage value was 19.9$\pm$1.4 [㎸/mm]. The test was performed to research whether the shape of pin affect a overvoltage break load or not As a consequence, when a pin was designed a pin diameter 51 [mm] with the bottom form of two-step constructed with straight in the suspension insulator, Insulator showed overvoltage break load 52 [ton] of the highest value and reflected a fine characteristic in aged deterioration test which is one of the accelerated aging test. Also it could be confirmed a fine characteristic through performing the test that electrical property of insulator was established correctly in accordance with IEC 60383-1 standards.s.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.84-91
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• 2002

The shaft with the circular cross section have symmetric structural combination parts to keep the rotating balance. Hence the crack usually emanate from symmetric combination parts due to the stress concentration of these parts. In this study to estimate the fatigue behavior of symmetric cracks, the fatigue test was performed by using rotary bending tester and the specimen with symmetric defects in circular cross section. From the facts the characteristics of crack initiation and propagation on the symmetric surface cracks in circular cross section was examined. Also we observed the internal crack using oxidation coloring and investigated the fatigue behavior using the relationship between surface crack and internal crack. As a result of fatigue lift of symmetric cracks was reduced to 35% compared to single crack’s. We examined the characteristics of fatigue behavior in element with symmetric cracks using internal crack propagation rate and maximum stress intensity factor range obtained from approximation method.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.53-64
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• 1996

In this paper, rotating bending fatigue tests have been carried out to investigate the growth behabiors of surface fatigue crack initiated from a small artificial surface defect, that might exist in real structures, on 2024-T3 and 6:4 brass. The test results are analysed in the viewpoints of both strength of materials and fracture mechanics, it can be concluded as follows. The effect of a small artificial surface defect upon the fatigue strength is very large. The sensitivity of 2024-T3 on the defect is higher than that of 6:4 brass. The growth behavior of the surface fatigue crack of 2024-T3 is different from that of 6:4 brass. The growth rate of the surface fatigue crack of 2024-T3 is considerably rapid in the early stage of the fatigue life and apt to decrease in the later stage. It was impossible to establish a unifying approach in the analysis of crack growth begabior of 2024-T3 and 6:4 brass using the maximum stress intensity factor because of their dependence on stress level. But if the elastic strain and cyclic total strain intensity factor range were applied to obtain the growth rate of surface fatigue cracks of the materials, the data were found to be nearly coincided.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.305-319
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• 2015

On mesoscopic level, concrete can be treated as a three-phase composite material consisting of mortar, aggregates and interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between mortar and aggregate. A lot of research has confirmed that ITZ plays a crucial role in the mechanical fracture process of concrete. The aim of the present study is to propose a numerical method on mesoscale to analyze the failure mechanism of reinforced concrete (RC) structures under mechanical loading, and then it will help precisely predict the damage or the cracking initiation and propagation of concrete. Concrete is meshed by means of the Rigid Body Spring Model (RBSM) concept, while the reinforcing steel bars are modeled as beam-type elements. Two kinds of RC members, i.e. subjected to uniaxial tension and beams under bending, the fracture process of concrete and the distribution of cracks, as well as the load-deflection relationships are investigated and compared with the available test results. It is found that the numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental observations, indicating that the model can successfully simulate the failure process of the RC members.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.438-444
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 모르타르의 동결융해피해에 미치는 폴리프로필렌섬유의 영향을 실험적으로 검토하였다. 섬유를 혼입하지 않은 섬유무보강 모르타르와 폴리비닐알코올섬유를 혼입한 모르타르를 비교 대상으로 하여 폴리프로필렌섬유의 혼입이 300사이클의 동결융해시험 후 모르타르의 압축 및 휨특성에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 또한, 300사이클의 동결융해 시험 후 모르타르의 질량감소율, 상대동탄성계수 및 공극크기분포에 대한 시험을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 섬유종류에 관계없이 섬유무혼입 모르타르에 비해 섬유혼입 모르타르는 300사이클의 동결융해시험 후 압축강도 및 휨강도의 역학적 성능저하와 질량감소율의 증가를 억제하는 것이 가능했다. 한편, 300사이클의 동결융해시험 후 모르타르의 공극감소에 대한 저항에 폴리비닐알코올섬유뿐만 아니라 폴리프로필렌섬유가 효과적으로 작용할 수 있는 것을 확인했으나 폴리프로필렌섬유를 혼입한 모르타르의 동결융해저항성을 향상시키기 위해서는 폴리비닐알코올섬유에서 기대할 수 있는 시멘트매트릭스와의 결합효율을 증가시킬 필요가 있다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제41권7호
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• pp.635-643
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• 2017

STS 304L 강재의 냉간압연율의 증가에 따라 t가 1.5 mm에서 1.1 mm까지 감소하면 인장강도, 항복강도, 경도치 및 UFT피로시험의 피로한도는 선형적으로 증가하였다. t=1.5 mm, t=1.4 mm, t=1.3 mm 및 t=1.1 mm인 4가지 시험편의 UFT피로시험(R= -1)결과, 회전굽힘피로시험(R= -1)의 결과처럼 $10^6$ 영역에서 S-N곡선의 피로한도가 절점(knee point)을 형성하였고, 기가사이클 피로에서 생기는 현상인 피로한도가 추가로 감소하지않았다. 또 t=1.1 mm인 경우 가장 높은 피로한도 345 MPa로 되었고, 원소재(t=1.5 mm)에 대하여 64.3 % 증가하였다. 냉간압연율에 따른 UFT피로시험결과 많은 작은 표면균열이 티어링(tearing)하면서 발생, 성장, 서로 합체하였다.