• Advances in materials Research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.15-29
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• 2023

In this paper, fracture analysis of a continuously inhomogeneous arch structure with two longitudinal cracks is developed in terms of the time-dependent strain energy release rate. The arch under consideration exhibits non-linear creep behavior. The cross-section of the arch is a rectangle. The material is continuously inhomogeneous along the thickness of the cross-section. The arch is loaded by two bending moments applied at its end sections. The mechanical behavior of the material is described by using a non-linear stress-strain-time relationship. The two longitudinal cracks are located symmetrically with respect to the mid-span of the arch. Due to the symmetry, only half of the arch is considered. Time-dependent solutions to strain energy release rate are obtained by analyzing the balance of the energy. For verification, time-dependent solutions to the strain energy release rate are derived also by considering the time-dependent complementary strain energy. The evolution of the strain energy release rate with the time is analyzed. The effects of material inhomogeneity, locations of the two cracks along the thickness of the arch and the magnitude of the external loading on the time-dependent strain energy release rate are evaluated.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.2205-2213
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• 1993

The characteristic test for gage factors of temperature self-compensated strain gages at cryogenic temperature is presented. By joining the international round robin test on electrical strain gages at cryogenic temperatures, the gage factors of three kinds of widely-used strain gages are obtained at the room temperature, the temperatures of liquid nitrogen and liquid helium. The calibration system which produce precise bending strain is by mechanical loading at cryogenic temperature. This paper also presents the creep characteristic of strain gages at maximum strain level.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2009년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.19.1-19.1
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• 2009

Open-cell Ni-Cr and Ni-Cr-Al(with gamma/gamma prime microstructure typical of Bi-base super alloys) foams are manufactured by pack-cementation at $1000{\boxplus}$degrees C, followed by homogenization at $1200{\boxplus}C$. The resulting alloyed foams retain the low relative densities (less than 3.5 wt.%). The oxidation behavior of Ni-Cr foams turns out to be identical to that of bulk Ni-Cr alloys, after taking into account the foam's higher surface area. The room-temperature compressive behavior of the Ni-Cr and Ni-Cr-Al is compared to model predictions. Additionally, the foam creep behavior, measured between 680 and $825{\boxplus}C$ in the stress range of 0.1-0.3 MPa, compared to two analytical models, namely strut compression and strut bending as high-temperature deformation modes.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2012

PURPOSES: SUPERPAVE binder grade tests including Multiple Stress Creep and Recovery(MSCR) test are applied to evaluate rheological properties of four polymer modified binders. METHODS: To evaluate grade of four modified binders, PG testing protocols, such as DSR, BBR and MSCR are employed. RESULTS: It is observed that MSCR test shows different performance grades especially on modified binders. Both DMP and EG binder show similar high temperature performance to SBS 5% modified binder. CONCLUSIONS: Binder Grading system in Korea need to be reviewed to properly reflect the performnace of modified binders. The binders modified with DMP and EG can be possible alternatives SBS 5% modified binder considering its performance and cost.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.593-618
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• 2011

This paper deals with the problem of the determination of the response of a viscoelastic Bernoulli-Navier beam, which is resting on an elastic medium. Assuming uniaxial bending, the displacement of the beam axis is governed by an integro-differential equation. The compatibility of the displacements between the beam and the elastic medium is imposed through an integral equation. In general and in particular in the case of a Boussinesq medium, the solution has to be pursued numerically. On the contrary, in the case of a Winkler's medium the compatibility equation becomes a linear finite relationship, which allows finding an original analytical solution of the problem for both hereditary and aging behavior of the beam. Some numerical examples complete the paper, in which a comparison is made between the hereditary and the aging model for the creep of the beam.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1995

기계화농업에서 농작물은 재배관리, 수확 및 가공과정에서 기계와 접촉하면서 기계로부터 순간적인 하중 및 지속적으로 받는 하중과 같은 여러 종류의 하중을 받아 변형되거나 파괴로 손상되는 등의 결과가 발생한다. 즉 기계작업 과정에서 작물은 파괴도 일어날 수 있으므로 작물의 물성에 따라 기계가 적응하면서 작업이 수행되어야 질적인 작업능율을 높일 수 있게 된다. 본 연구는 재배 및 수확과정에서 기계로부터 받는 벼 줄기의 역학적 특성의 구명을 위하여 크리이프 시험장치를 설계 제작하여 컴퓨터 측정장치를 구성, Burger모형(模型)에 의하여 수확시기에 측방향(側方向)의 압축하중 및 휨하중을 받는 벼 줄기의 크리이프 특성(特性)을 측정(測定) 분석(分析)하였다. 결과를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 크리이프 거동은 4요소 Burger모형(模型)에 의하여 벼줄기의 크리이프거동을 정확히 예측(豫測)할 수 있었으며, 예측한 결과는 실측치에 거의 일치하였다. 2. 압축하중의 크기가 증가함에 따라 크리이프 변형량은 증가하는 경향이었는데, 25N 이하의 낮은 하중에서 정상상태 크리이프거동을 하였고, 30N 이상의 높은 하중에서 대수적 크리이프거동을 하였다. 3. 작용하중에 따른 크리이프거동을 나타내는 모형의 계수를 구하였는데 순간탄성계수 $E_0$ 및 지연시간 ${\tau}_K$는 작용하중의 증가에 따라 증가하였고, 지연탄성계수 $E_r$ 및 점성계수 ${\eta}_v$는 작용하중 증가에 따라 감소하는 점탄성(粘彈性) 재료(材料)임을 확인할 수 있었다. 4. 측방향 압축 하중이 25.0 N 이상 작용할 때 줄기 중부 및 상부에서 정상상태(定常狀態) 크리이프가 일어나, 하중의 작용시 줄기 부위(部位)에 따른 저항력은 하부(下部)에서 가장 컸고, 중부(中部)에서 가장 작게 나타나 파손 가능성이 높은 것으로 판단된다. 5. 압축하중 및 휨하중의 작용에 의한 줄기 부위에 따른 크리이프변형은 줄기 중부(中部)에서 가장 크게 일어났고, 하부(下部)에서 가장 작게 일어나 중부의 저항력이 가장 낮게 나타났다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.515-529
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• 2013

The moment-curvature relation for simple bending is a well-studied subject and the classical moment-curvature diagram is commonly found in literature. The influence of axial forces has generally been considered as compression onto symmetrically reinforced cross-sections, thus strain at the reference fiber never has been an issue. However, when dealing with integral structures, which are usually statically indeterminate in different degrees, these concepts are not sufficient. Their horizontal elements are often completely restrained, which, under imposed deformations, leads to moderate compressive or tensile axial forces. The authors propose to analyze conventional beam cross-sections with moment-curvature diagrams considering asymmetrically reinforced cross-sections under combined influence of bending and moderate axial force. In addition a new diagram is introduced that expands the common moment-curvature relation onto the strain variation at the reference fiber. A parametric study presented in this article reveals the significant influence of selected cross-section parameters.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2013

PURPOSES: To characterize the aging effect on asphalt binder, dynamic shear modulus mastercurve of two typical asphalt binders are developed. METHODS: To develop dynamic shear modulus mastercurve, dynamic shear modulus at high temperature and creep stiffness at low temperature are measured by temperature sweep test and bending beam rheometer test, respectively. RESULTS: It is observed that the aging effect on asphalt binder can be clearly observed from dynamic shear modulus mastercurve and the mastercurve can be utilized to predict behavior of asphalt binder at wide range of temperature. CONCLUSIONS: It is confirmed that SBS 5% modified binder has more desirable mechanical property at low and high temperature as a pavement material comparing to PG64-22 binder and the mastercurve is an effective tool to evaluate the property of asphalt binder.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2006

There has been considerable research in recent times in light-timber med structures in fires. These structures have included horizontal (floor-like) panels in bending and walls under eccentric and approximately concentric vertical loading. It has been shown that compression properties are the most dominant mechanical properties in affecting structural response of these structures in fire. Compression properties have been obtained by various means as functions of one variable only, temperature. It has always been expected that compression properties would be significantly affected by moisture and stress, as well. However, these variables have been largely ignored to simplify the complex problem of predicting the response of light-timber framed structures in fire. Full-scale experiments on both the panels and walls have demonstrated the high level of significance of moisture and stress for a limited range of conditions. Described in this paper is an overview of these conditions and experiments undertaken to obtain compression properties as a functions of moisture, stress and temperature. The experiments limited temperatures to $20{\sim}100^{\circ}C$. At higher temperatures moisture vaporizes and moisture and stress are less significant. Described also is a creep model for wood at high temperatures.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.1650-1660
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• 2000

Continuous casting process has been adopted increasingly in recent years to save both energy and labor. It has experienced a rapid development in the production of semi-finished steel products, rep lacing the conventional route of ingot casting and rolling. In order to achieve this merit, however, more studies about the mechanism between roll and slab are needed. In this paper, a dynamic bulging in steel cast slabs was simulated by considering the solidification and heat transfer. This study is to prevent internal cracks of a slab in a bending and unbending zone. The value of moving strand shell bulging between two supporting rollers under the ferrostatic pressure and slab-self weight has been calculated in terms of creep and elasto-plasticity. The strain and strain rate distributions in solidified shell undergoing a series of bulging are calculated with working boundary conditions.