• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.23-28
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• 1997

N-도데카노닐-N-메틸 아미도 폴리올 카르복시알킬 에테르(DGC)/N-도데카노실-N-알킬글루카민(DG)/물 혼합계에서의 상도를 편광현미경, 시차주사열량계(DSC) 및 레올로지를 이용하여 관찰하였다. 편광현미경으로 계면활성제 농도와 온도의 함수로써 얻어지는 액정상의 형태를 관찰할 수 있었고, DSC측정에 의해서는 비등방성 액정과 등방성 액체 사이의 상전이를 관찰할 수 있었다. 헥사고날과 라멜라 액정상 사이에서 레올로지에 의해 측정된 계면활성제 수용액의 점탄성은 편광현미경과 시차주사열량계에서 얻은 결과와 일치됨을 확인할 수 있었다. DGC/DG(5:5 몰비)/물계의 상에 대하여 조사한 결과, 25${\sim}$65wt% 사이에서는 큐빅 액정상, 70wt% 이상에서는 라멜라 액정상이 나타남을 알 수 있었다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2020

황산용액에서 코발트와 니켈을 마그네슘으로부터 분리하기 위해 추출제로 Cyanex272, PC88A 그리고 Versatic acid 10를 사용하여 추출실험을 실시하였다. 코발트, 니켈 및 마그네슘의 추출거동을 비교 실험한 결과, Versatic acid 10이 가장 우수하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 평형 pH 7.0에서 Versatic acid 10을 사용하여 약 98%의 코발트와 니켈이 추출되고, 5% 이하의 마그네슘이 공추출 되었다. McCabe-Thiele 도표 분석으로부터 pH 7.0, 상비(A/O) 2.0에서 10% Versatic acid 10에 의해 코발트와 니켈을 추출하기 위해서는 2단이 필요하였다. 유기상에 추출된 코발트 및 니켈은 70g/L H₂SO₄ 이상인 경우 효과적으로 탈거가 가능하였고, 이때 코발트는 99.78%, 니켈은 98.42% 탈거되었다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2019

Concrete reinforced with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars (FRP-RC) has attracted a significant amount of research attention in the last three decades. A limited number of studies, however, have investigated the effect of bond slip on the performance of FRP-RC columns under eccentric loading. Based on previous experimental study, a finite-element model of eccentrically loaded FRP-RC columns was established in this study. The bondslip behavior was modeled by inserting spring elements between FRP bars and concrete. The improved Bertero-Popov-Eligehausen (BPE) bond slip model with the results of existing FRP-RC pullout tests was introduced. The effect of bond slip on the entire compression-bending process of FRP-RC columns was investigated parametrically. The results show that the initial stiffness of bond slip is the most sensitive parameter affecting the compression-bending performance of columns. The peak bond stress and the corresponding peak slip produce a small effect on the maximum loading capacity of columns. The bondslip softening has little effect on the compression-bending performance of columns. The sectional analysis revealed that, as the load eccentricity and the FRP bar diameter increase, the reducing effect of bond slip on the flexural capacity becomes more obvious. With regard to bond slip, the axial-force-bending-moment (P-M) interaction diagrams of columns with different FRP bar diameters show consistent trends. It can be concluded from this study that for columns reinforced with large diameter FRP bars, the flexural capacity of columns at low axial load levels will be seriously overestimated if the bond slip is not considered.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2019

Recent industrialization has led to a high demand for the use of fossil fuels. Therefore, the need for producing hydrogen and its utilization is essential for a sustainable society. For an eco-friendly future technology, photoelectrochemical water splitting using solar energy has proven promising amongst many other candidates. With this technique, semiconductors can be used as photocatalysts to generate electrons by light absorption, resulting in the reduction of hydrogen ions. The photocatalysts must be chemically stable, economically inexpensive and be able to utilize a wide range of light. From this perspective, cuprous oxide($Cu_2O$) is a promising p-type semiconductor because of its appropriate band gap. However, a major hindrance to the use of $Cu_2O$ is its instability at the potential in which hydrogen ion is reduced. In this study, gold is used as a bottom electrode during electrodeposition to obtain a preferential growth along the (111) plane of $Cu_2O$ while imperfections of the $Cu_2O$ thin films are removed. This study investigates the photoelectrochemical properties of $Cu_2O$. However, severe photo-induced corrosion impedes the use of $Cu_2O$ as a photoelectrode. Two candidates, $TiO_2$ and $SnO_2$, are selected for the passivation layer on $Cu_2O$ by by considering the Pourbaix-diagram. $TiO_2$ and $SnO_2$ passivation layers are deposited by atomic layer deposition(ALD) and a sputtering process, respectively. The investigation of the photoelectrochemical properties confirmed that $SnO_2$ is a good passivation layer for $Cu_2O$.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.329-335
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• 2019

Structural fuses are made up from oriented steel plates to be used to resist seismic force with shear loading resistance capabilities. The damage and excessive inelastic deformations are concentrated in structural fuses to avoid any issues for the rest of the surrounding elements. Recently developed fuse plates are designed with engineered cutouts leaving flexural or shear links with controlled yielding features. A promising type of link is proposed to align better bending strength along the length of the link with the demand moment diagram is a butterfly-shaped link. Previously, the design methodologies are purely based on the flexural stresses, or shear stresses only, which overestimate the dampers capability for resisting against the applied loadings. This study is specifically focused on the optimized design methodologies for commonly used butterfly-shaped dampers. Numerous studies have shown that the stresses are not uniformly distributed along the length of the dampers; hence, the design methodology and the effective implementation of the steel need revisions and improvements. In this study, the effect of shear and flexural stresses on the behavior of butterfly-shaped links are computationally investigated. The mathematical models based on von-Mises yielding criteria are initially developed and the optimized design methodology is proposed based on the yielding criterion. The optimized design is refined and investigated with the aid of computational investigations in the next step. The proposed design methodology meets the needs of optimized design concepts for butterfly-shaped dampers considering the uniform stress distribution and efficient use of steel.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.132-139
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• 2021

고감쇠 차량이 둔턱(bumped barrier)을 넘어갈 때 발생하는 강제 진동의 응답 특성이 연구되었고, 이와 관련하여 특히 강제 진동 차량에서 변위, 속도 및 가속도의 응답 거동을 분석하였다. 또한, 각각의 응답을 얻기 위해 Runge-Kutta-Gill의 수치해석법을 수행하여 시간영역의 분석을 하였다. 강제 진동 모델의 여러 고감쇠 조건으로 응답 특성을 얻을 수 있었고 질량, 감쇠 및 강성을 달리하여 수치 분석 후, 임펄스 충격력으로 차체에 가해지는 모델을 고려하여 강제력에 의한 차량 모델의 응답 특성을 얻었고 실험 결과와 비교하여 그 모델의 타당성을 밝혔다. 진폭 및 차량의 고유진동수도 고려하여 분석하였고 차량 모델의 나이키스트 선도를 구하여 고감쇠의 정도에 따라 특성을 분석할 수 있었다. 상이한 질량, 감쇠 및 강성에 따라 임펄스 충격력에 의한 강제 진동 응답 특성을 분석하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.93-105
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• 2022

With the exploitation of natural resources in China, underground resource extraction and underground space development, as well as other engineering activities are increasing, resulting in the creation of many defective rocks. In this paper, uniaxial compression tests were performed on rocks with double holes and fractures at different angles using particle flow code (PFC2D) numerical simulations and laboratory experiments. The failure behavior and mechanical properties of rock samples with holes and fractures at different angles were analyzed. The failure modes of rock with defects at different angles were identified. The fracture propagation and stress evolution characteristics of rock with fractures at different angles were determined. The results reveal that compared to intact rocks, the peak stress, elastic modulus, peak strain, initiation stress, and damage stress of fractured rocks with different fracture angles around holes are lower. As the fracture angle increases, the gap in mechanical properties between the defective rock and the intact rock gradually decreased. In the force chain diagram, the compressive stress concentration range of the combined defect of cracks and holes starts to decrease, and the model is gradually destroyed as the tensile stress range gradually increases. When the peak stress is reached, the acoustic emission energy is highest and the rock undergoes brittle damage. Through a comparative study using laboratory tests, the results of laboratory real rocks and numerical simulation experiments were verified and the macroscopic failure characteristics of the real and simulated rocks were determined to be similar. This study can help us correctly understand the mechanical properties of rocks with defects and provide theoretical guidance for practical rock engineering.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 1997

$Bi_2Sr_2Ca_{n-1}Cu_nOy$(BSCCO)계는 강한 이방성의 움직임을 갖는 초전도체로서 잘 알려져 있으며, 결정육성시 성장방향의 제어에 큰 어려움이 있다. 본 연구에서는 종자 결정과 도가니의 회전을 이용한 crystal pulling법을 이용하여 Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O계의 결정성장을 시도하였으며, 이로부터 $5{\times}5{\times}5{\textrm}{mm}^3$ 크기의 비교적 큰 결정을 성장하였. 또한 성장결정의 초전도 특성을 조사하였으며, $BiO_{1.5}$ -(Sr, Ca)O-CuO 3원 상태도에서의 결정화 가능 영역을 검토하였다.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제13권 2호
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• pp.163-181
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• 2022

To study the mechanical properties of steel reinforced recycled concrete (SRRC) filled circular steel tube columns under eccentric compression loads, this study presents a finite element model which can simulate the eccentrically compressed columns using ABAQUS software. The analytical model was established by selecting the reasonable nonlinear analysis theory and the constitutive relationship of materials in the columns. The influences of design parameters on the eccentric compressive performance of columns were also considered in detail, such as the diameter-thickness ratio of circular steel tube, replacement percentage of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA), slenderness ratio, eccentricity, recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) strength and steel strength and so on. The deformation diagram, stress nephogram and load-displacement curves of the eccentrically compressed columns were obtained and compared with the test results of specimens. The results show that although there is a certain error between the calculation results and the test results, the error is small, which shows the rationality on the numerical model of eccentrically compressed columns. The failure of the columns is mainly due to the symmetrical bending of the columns towards the middle compression zone, which is a typical compression bending failure. The eccentric bearing capacity and deformation capacity of columns increase with the increase of the strength of steel tube and profile steel respectively. Compared with profile steel, the strength of steel tube has a greater influence on the eccentric compressive performance of columns. Improving the strength of RAC is beneficial to the eccentric bearing capacity of columns. In addition, the eccentric bearing capacity and deformation capacity of columns decrease with the increase of replacement percentage of RCA. The section form of profile steel has little influence on the eccentric compression performance of columns. On this basis, the calculation formulas on the nominal eccentric bearing capacity of columns were also put forward and the results calculated by the proposed formulas are in good agreement with the test values.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제40권8호
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• pp.711-719
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 철도차량의 대형사고의 주요원인 되는 타고오름 충돌에 대해 이론 모델을 정립하여 선두차량의 타고오름 거동에 대한 이론식을 도출하였다. 이론식을 검증하기 위하여 상용 소프트웨어인 LS-DYNA를 사용하여 이론모델과 동일한 단순 2차원 모델과 실제 동력대차 모델이 적용된 단순 3차원 모델을 만들어 시뮬레이션으로 비교하였다. 타고오름 현상에서 가장 중요한 전두 완충기 수직변위에 대해 시뮬레이션과 이론식을 비교한 결과 최대 편차율은 0.5 [%]과 3.9 [%] 발생하여 이론식이 실제 모델에도 잘 적용될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또한, 고무 완충기와 유압 버퍼 2가지를 적용한 여러 가지 충돌조건에 대해 이론식을 적용하여 선두 차량 간 타고오름 량을 분석하고, 사고 후 재현 시뮬레이션이나 전두부 충돌완충 설계 시 활용할 수 있는 이론적 방법을 제시하였다.