• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2012.05b
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• pp.793-795
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• 2012

본 연구는 양봉에 사용되는 밀랍의 유해성을 농약, 항생제 및 환경호르몬에 대하여 조사한 것이다. 밀랍은 벌들이 벌집을 짓기 위한 기초이며, 따라서 밀랍이 유해하면 그곳에 건설되는 벌집과 벌집 안에 저장되는 꿀이 해로울 수 있다는 것이다. 우리나라에서 사용되는 양봉용 밀랍소비는 국내의 비싼 생산 단가의 영향으로 대부분 중국에서 수입하고 있는 실정이다. 또한 플라스틱 소비가 개발되어 사용되는데 그 표면에 밀랍을 입혀 사용하므로 플라스틱의 환경 호르몬에 대한 유해성도 논란이 될 수 있다. 공인검정기관에서 농약, 항생제 및 환경호르몬에 대하여 조사한 바 무해한 것으로 판명되었다.

• The Korea Beekeeping Bulletin
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• s.342
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• pp.37-40
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• 2009

세계적 경제주간지 '이코노미스트(Economist)'는 3월 5일자 과학기술 섹션에서 '벌들의 귀환(The bees are back in town)'이라는 제목의 기사를 내보냈다. 작년도까지 전세계 양봉업계에 충격을 던져주었던 꿀벌의 실종 또는 봉군의 붕괴현상(CCD; colony clollapse disorder)에 대한 공포로 모두가 긴장하고 잇는 가운데, 붕괴되거나 사라졌던 벌이 다시 돌아왔다는 사실에 세계 양봉산업계가 안도하는 분위기이다. 이에 양봉협회보에 벌의 귀환 배경을 간략히 소개하고자 한다. 보는 관점에 따라 다른 해석도 가능하다는 점을 부언하고자 한다.

• Journal of Apiculture
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.239-250
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• 2018

We investigated the pollination activity of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) in terms of different climatic conditions in the greenhouse cultivation of watermelons (Citrullus lanatus L.) during winter. The aim of the study was to search a climatic condition which effectively can be use honeybees as pollinators during the flowering season of watermelons in winter or early spring. The average climatic conditions inside the greenhouse during the bee activity time (BAT)-between 10:00 and 16:00 in mid-Februarywere a temperature of $30.4^{\circ}C$, relative humidity of 53.7%, illuminance level of 22,728.4lx, and UV level of $0.233mW/cm^2$. Bee traffic and foraging activity were at their greatest at 10:00 and tended to decrease with time. Male watermelon flowers typically dehisced between 10:00 and 12:00. Climatic conditions were significantly correlated with bee activities, including bee traffic and foraging activity. Bee activities were positively correlated with temperature, illuminance level, and UV level but negatively correlated with relative humidity. Temperature had the greatest effect on honeybee behavior. Among the foraging honeybees, the number of high-flying bees that did not pollinate flowers showed a strong positive correlation with temperature, and the number of bees landing on the flowers showed a positive correlation with the UV level. The temperature range inside greenhouses at which the pollination activities of honeybees can be maintained efficiently during winter watermelon pollination was found to be $21{\sim}25^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 2021

The honey bee has a crucial ecological status for maintaining the natural ecology system. Pollination mediations by honey bees are recognized as an efficient way to enhance the quality of biological diversity and green areas in the nature and the urban ecological system. However, the population of bee around the world is decreasing and we do not know exactly how bees react to the physical environment in the urban area. This study is a basic research for the improvement of pollination services in the Korean urban ecological system. It aims to induce and review environmental variables which have high relations with the activities of pollination mediation insects in the urban area. The study established a Maxent model using five urban environmental variables that reflect the ecology of Bombus ignitus and the place information where Bombus ignitus appears in 18 spots of Seoul city, and compared with previous research results on Apis millifera. Bombus ignitus preferred places with more natural environments such as mountain forest areas and vicinities of streams. They preferred Stratified Tree Area the most among the vegetation types existing in the urban area. Comparing chicken models, both species saw their response value drop as the building coverage rose. In the case of Apis millifera and Bombus ignitus variables, the response value of both species was high in 10 out of 20 types. The result of this study is expected to provide basic information for improving the pollination services in the Korean urban area and to be utilized as the basic materials for the future urban planning.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.399-408
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• 2022

There has been much debate on the morphometric divergence between the recently identified Apis cerana koreana and Apis cerana honey bees. The aim of this study was to obtain phenotypic information that can be used to compare A. c. koreana data with other A. cerana subspecies data from open resources and determine breeding results on the basis of morphometric traits. To differentiate A. c. koreana, we investigated 22 classic morphological characteristics; royal jelly secretion; and the weight of workers, queens, and drones of A. c. koreana bred in Korea. To define the selection results, we used the geometric morphometric method. The artificially selected A. c. koreana secreted significantly more royal jelly (1.18 times) than the naturally selected A. c. koreana, which positively influenced the health of the colonies. These honey bees were identified more clearly with the geometric morphometric method than with the classic morphometric method, which is traditionally used to determine the subspecies. Large trends were noted for A. c. koreana on the basis of our results and literature from the 1980s regarding A. cerana sizes in Korea (tarsal index, length of forewing, and cubital index were measured). The cluster analysis revealed the proximity of A. c. koreana, A. cerana in China, and A. c. indica on the basis of eight classic characters, which, perhaps, relay the origin of the honey bees. The results of this study defined the morphometric responses of A. c. koreana honey bees to geographic isolation, climate change, and selection, which are important to identify, protect, and preserve honey bee stock in Korea.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.139-142
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• 2009

The histological and transmission electron microscopic studies revealed the synthesis activity predominantly in the hypopharyngeal glands of the nurse bees. The biochemical analysis of both, the hypopharyngeal gland extract and royal jelly elucidated unequivocally the proteins and lipids as the major constituents. Further the SDS-PAGE of hypopharyngeal gland extract showed about 17 protein bands, perhaps 14.10, 20.00, 29.00 and 43.00 kDa predominantly while that of royal jelly revealed only two protein bands of 29.00 and 43.00 kDa molecular weight suggesting them as the major royal jelly proteins (MRJP). The lipid profile of royal jelly consists of triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL, LDL and VLDL.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.145-149
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• 1999

This study was designed to examine therapeutic effect of natural honeybee (Apis mellifera) venom in pigs with arthritis. Pigs were assigned to treated and nontreated control groups. In treated group, 51 pigs were given natural honeybee venom once a day for 5 consecutive days. Acupoints of Sam-li, Jok-su and Pal-ja were stung by the natural honey bees. In control group, 46 pigs were intramuscularly injected with a standard dosage of penicillin G (400,000 IU/kg of body weight) once a day for 5 consecutive days. On day 5 following bee venom therapy, 73.9% of control pigs and 86.2% of pigs in treated group recovered from arthritis. Bee acupuncture therapy did not show any side effects such as allergy, intoxication, hemorrhage, or infection. It might be concluded that honeybee venom therapy was effective in controlling of pig with arthritis.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.27-30
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• 2016

Four mite species (Acari: Scutacaridae: Scutacarus acarorum (Goeze, 1780), Chaetodactylidae: Sennertia alfkeni (Oudemans, 1900); Ascidae: Proctolaelaps longanalis (Westerboer, 1963), Laelapidae: Hypoaspis (Pneumolaelaps) marginepilosa (Sellnick, 1938) are found on the body of bees deposited in the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest. The host bee species were collect in Democratic People's Republic of Korea; the found four species are collected at first time in Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.269-274
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• 2002

Argument alternation in English sentences such as "load hay onto the truck" vs. "load the truck with are swarming in the garden" vs. "The garden swarms with bees" present an interesting dilemma for ling in several ways. Along with each kind of syntactic rearrangement of arguments goes a subtle but sig systematic change in the verb's meaning. This has been called as different terminology such as "D "Verbal diathesis", and most commonly as "Argument alternation". Dowty adopts tern Agent-subject(A-subject) form and Location-subject(L-subject) form in referring the two kinds of analyses as well as describes their different properties. In this paper. I basically follow assumption while surveying several 1inguists's analysis and show its theoretical adequacy.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.664-673
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• 2012

Determining the layout of temporary facilities that support construction activities at a site is an important planning activity, as layout can significantly affect cost, quality of work, safety, and other aspects of the project. The construction site layout problem involves difficult combinatorial optimization. Recently, various artificial intelligence(AI)-based algorithms have been applied to solving many complex optimization problems, including neural networks(NN), genetic algorithms(GA), and swarm intelligence(SI) which relates to the collective behavior of social systems such as honey bees and birds. This study proposes a site facility layout optimization algorithm based on self-organizing maps(SOM). Computational experiments are carried out to justify the efficiency of the proposed method and compare it with particle swarm optimization(PSO). The results show that the proposed algorithm can be efficiently employed to solve the problem of site layout.