• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2002

Objective : To study anti-inflammatory, analgesic effect and molecular biological mechanism of honey bee venom for aqua-acupuncture, human mast cell line(HMC-1) and human glioma cell line(HS683) were treated with bee venom. Methods : Cell viability of bee venom was tested by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) asssay. To explore whether anti-inflammatory, analgesic effects of bee venom are associated with the control of gene expression, quantitative RT-PCR analysis of inflammation and pain related genes was performed. Results : The MTT assay demonstrated that cell viability was not decreased by treatment with 10-9 ug/ml bee venom in comparison with 10-2, 10-3, 10-4, 10-5, 10-6, 10-7, 10-8, 10-9, 10-10 and 10-11 ug/ml. sPLA2 and COX-l were down-regulated by treatment with 10-9 ug/ml bee venom in HS683 Cell line in comparison with control. COX-2 was up-regulated by treatment with 10-9 ug/ml bee venom in HS683 Cell line and HSP-2 was up-regulated by treatment with 10-9 ug/ml bee venom in HMC-1 Cell line in comparison with control. sPLA2, COX-1 and COX-2 showed no significant regulation in HMC-1 Cell line and cPLA2 also showed no significant regulation in both HMC-l and HS683 Cell line between control and bee venom treated group.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2018

Purified bee venom was collected from colonies of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) using a bee venom collector under sterile conditions and then purified under strict laboratory conditions. Purified bee venom contained $63.9{\pm}5.4%$ melittin, $10.9{\pm}1.6%$ phospholipase A2, and $2.3{\pm}0.3%$ apamin. Purified bee venom has various anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and immunostimulating effects. In this study, we evaluated purified bee venom which are mammary gland cells, MAC-T cells are used to increase the synthesis of milk protein. Purified bee venom promoted the proliferation of MAC-T cells at concentrations below $1{\mu}g/mL$, but cytotoxicity at $10{\mu}g/mL$ and above. As a result of the increase in the synthesis of ${\beta}-casein$, a milk protein after treatment with MAC-T cells at a concentration of the bee venom without cytotoxicity, the ${\beta}-casein$ content in the cell culture was increased when treated at a concentration of 1 ng/mL or more. In addition, it was confirmed that purified bee venom significantly increased the expression of bovine ${\beta}-casein$ (bCSNB) mRNA, a ${\beta}-casein$ synthesis gene, at a concentration of 1 ng/mL or more. These results suggest that purified bee venom can be used to increase the production of livestock by ultimately increasing the expression of milk protein.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.149-158
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• 2003

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Bee Venom on the lipopolysaccharide, sodium nitroprusside and hydrogen peroxide induced expression phospholipase $A_2$ and calcium concentration in RAW 264.7 cells, a murine macrophage cell line. Method : The expression of phospholipase $A_2$ was determined by western blotting with corresponding antibodies, and the generation of intracellular calcium concentration was investigated by delta scan system in RAW 264.7 cells. Results : 1. Compared with control, expressions of lipopolysaccharide-induced phospholipase $A_2$ were decreased significantly by $1\;{\mu}g/{\mu}l$ of bee venom and decreased by 0.5, $5\;{\mu}g/{\mu}l$ of bee venom. 2. Compared with control, expressions of sodium nitroprusside-induced phospholipase $A_2$ were decreased significantly by $5\;{\mu}g/{\mu}l$ of bee venom but increased by 0.5, $5\;{\mu}g/{\mu}l$ of bee venom. 3. Compared with control, expressions of hydrogen peroxide-induced phospholipase $A_2$ were decreased significaltly by $1{\mu}g/{\mu}l$ of bee venom and decreased by $0.5\;{\mu}g/{\mu}l$ of bee venom but increased by $5\;{\mu}g/{\mu}l$ of bee venom. 4. Compared with control, lipopolysaccharide, sodium nitroprusside and hydrogen peroxide- induced intracellular calcium concentrations were decreased by 0.5, 1, $5\;{\mu}g/{\mu}l$ of bee venom and by indomethacin

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.77-90
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Bee Venom on the lipopolysaccharide(LPS), sodium nitroprusside(SNP), hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$)-induced expressions of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2), p38, jun N-terminal Kinase(JNK) and extra-signal response kinase(ERK) in RAW 264.7 cells, a murine macrophage cell line. Method : The expressions of COX-2, p38, JNK and ERK were determined by western blotting with corresponding antibodies. Results : 1. The 0.5, 1 and $5\;{\mu}g/ml$ of bee venom inhibited significantly LPS and SNP-induced expression of COX-2 compared with control, respectively. The 0.5, 1 and $5\;{\mu}g/ml$ of bee venom inhibited insignificantly $H_2O_2$-induced expression of COX-2 compared with control, respectively. 2. The 0.5, 1 and $5\;{\mu}g/ml$ of bee venom inhibited significantly LPS, SNP and $H_2O_2$-induced expression of p38 compared with control, respectively. 3. The 1 and $5\;{\mu}g/ml$ of bee venom inhibited significantly SNP-induced expression of JNK compared with control, respectively. All of bee venom inhibited insignificantly LPS and $H_2O_2$-induced expression of JNK compared with control, respectively. 4. The $5\;{\mu}g/ml$ of bee venom inhibited significantly SNP-induced expression of ERK, the $0.5\;{\mu}g/ml$ of bee venom increased significantly $H_2O_2$-induced expression of ERK compared with control. The 0.5, 1 and $5\;{\mu}g/ml$ of bee venom inhibited insignificantly LPS-induced expression of ERK compared with control, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2013

Objectives : The focus of the analysis was laid on changes in research pertaining to bee venom in regards to time progression. Methods : We collected 365 articles on Bee venom study result from OASIS system using the Keyword 'bee venom, apitoxin, apitherapy, bee sting'. We figured out number and percentage of theses according to year, study method, journal, subject. Results : Bee venom papers published in the journal of korean medicine from 1976. The classification of papers associated with bee venom, clinical studies outnumbered the other study types by a ratio of 1.3 to 1, followed by 138 for experimental papers, and 22 for literature studies. Proportion of Experimental Papers Classified According to the Theme, 16 for pain-killing, 14 papers concentrated on apoptosis anticancer, 13 for anti inflammatory, 11 for arthritis, and other disorders were followed. Type analysis of papers associated with bee venom in clinical trials, lumbar disorders comprised 38 out of 205 papers, 35 papers concentrated on upper limb disorders, 34 papers concentrated on systemic disease, followed by the effect on body. Conclusions : Bee venom is a treatment method based on the unique theory of Korean traditional medicine. Its effort and academical approach on bee venom are expected to receive positive evaluation through numerous research works.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2008

최근 많은 주목을 받고 있는 홈 네트워킹은 네트워크를 사용하여 댁내 기기를 원격으로 감시하고 제어할 수 있는 기술이다. 무선 홈 네트워킹 방식은 유선 방식과 비교하여 배선에 따른 비용과 노력이 들지 않아서 기존 주택에 용이하게 적용할 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있다. 특히, ZigBee 프로토콜을 사용한 홈 네트워킹은 저렴한 비용과 낮은 전력 등의 장점으로 매우 매력적인 무선 네트워킹 기술중의 하나로 알려져 있다. 하지만, ZigBee 모듈을 구현하고 홈 네트워크를 구성하는데 있어서는 많은 실제적인 문제점이 존재하고 이들에 대한 적절한 해결책이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 ZigBee 프로토콜을 구현하는 하드웨어와 소프트웨어 모듈의 실제적인 구조를 제안한다. 또한, ZigBee 네트워킹의 구현에 따른 문제점들을 소개하고, 다양한 통신 테스트를 통하여 이들 문제점을 해결하는 효과적인 해결책을 기술한다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제39B권9호
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• pp.606-613
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• 2014

차세대 IT 산업으로 주목 받는 사물인터넷(Internet of Things)은 다양한 사물(Things)들을 서로 연결시킬 수 있는 유무선 네트워크 플랫폼을 기반으로 한다. 그러나 이기종 네트워크(Heterogeneous Network)의 특성으로 인해 사물인터넷 플랫폼 개발에 있어 많은 어려움이 있다. 무엇보다도 ZigBee보다 큰 전송 파워를 사용하는 Wi-Fi 때문에 ZigBee 전송은 오류가 발생할 확률이 높아지고 이는 사물인터넷 구현을 힘들게 하는 요소로 작용하게 된다. 본 논문의 제안방법에서는 ZigBee 노드가 충돌 없이 전송 가능한 시간을 분석하고 네트워크 환경에 따라 확률적으로 전송여부를 결정하도록 한다. 이를 통해 같은 주파수 대역을 사용하는 Wi-Fi와 ZigBee의 네트워크 간 간섭현상을 극복하고 높은 ZigBee 프레임 전송 성공률을 달성할 수 있음을 실험으로 확인하였다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.720-729
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• 2011

The demand for wireless technology in home automation systems has recently been increasing due to several advantages such as installation cost reduction, easy placement, easy extension, aesthetic benefits, and mobile device connectivity. Among the many wireless technologies, ZigBee is one of the most useful for home automation; a wireless home networking system can be configured using ZigBee alone. Compatibility with conventional home networking systems that are based on wired media, however, is not supported. KNX is a mature protocol for wired media that is recognized as an international standard. This paper proposes a KNX-ZigBee gateway to interface between KNX and ZigBee systems and thereby enable integration of wired and wireless home automation systems.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was to investigate the effectiveness of bee venom phamacopuncture complex therapy on the sequelae of peripheral facial palsy. Methods : We observed the effectiveness of bee venom pharmacopuncture complex therapy on three patients who have residual symptoms of Bell's palsy although early stage(0 to 3months) elapsed. H-B grade and Yanagiha's total score was used for evaluating the patient. Results : 1. Deviation of the bee venom therapy on the sequelae of peripheral facial palsy, One patient was improved from 19 to 39, another patient was improved from 25 to 40, the third patient was improved from 15 to 26 on Yanagiha's total score. 2. In the bee venom therapy on the sequelae of peripheral facial palsy, compared with baseline, at final, H-B grade and Yanagiha's total score was increased. Conclusions : Bee venom phamacopuncture can be available for relieving residual symptom of bell's palsy after the early stage.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2008

Objectives This study obserbed the efficiency of Sweet Bee Venom pharmacopuncture on the treatment of 70 Molluscum Contagiosum cases. Methods 70 patients admitted for Molluscum at Love Blossoming Oriental medicine clinic from February 2007 to October 2007 were administered with Sweet Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture and measured an analyzed changes in symptoms. Results 1. Regardless of age or duration of Molluscum Contagiosum, all 70 patients showed improvement. 2. Recurrence of Molluscum Contagiosum was not noticeable when treated with Sweet Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture, and the duration of treatment was significantly shorter than treation with conventional allopathic ointment. Conclusion Based on above findings, we can deduce Sweet Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture has superior anti-viral effects on th pox virus of Molluscum Contagiosum.