• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.365-377
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• 2010

This study examined the changes in sleeping and studying patterns of young students and their mothers after moving to foreign countries. This study analyzed the relational characteristics of Geese Family members which are summarized as follows: 1) Sleeping Pattern: At the early stages of settling into foreign countries, students begin to sleep in the same bedroom with their mothers, who had used to sleep in separate bedrooms back in Korea. This change in pattern may slightly vary according to the age and gender of the students, and type of residence. Relationships between young students and mothers become more tightly coupled. However, relationships between students and fathers become less tightened. 2) Studying Pattern: Students tend to study in the public space such as the living room and dining areas, rather than in their own private rooms. This is because mothers want to support and focus upon their children's study by sacrificing normal family activities. These patterns appear stronger as their period of study in the foreign country becomes shorter and the ages of the students become younger. These studying patterns also contribute to the coupling between mothers and young students. 3) Family Relationships: From the period as Geese Families, the relation between mothers and young students become closer both physically and emotionally. The relation between fathers and children become less close. The role of fathers is degraded to that of supporter or negotiator for the time period of the mothers and child students in the foreign country.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.27-36
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• 2016

Houses have usually been planned for those who are in good physical condition rather than with disabilities. Therefore, it is difficult to provide a high quality residential environment for people with disabilities. To live in their own houses continuously, it is essential to renovate their houses where they have been living. This study focuses on removing the barrier factors from houses by analyzing the characteristics of disability types and purpose of each space. Therefore, this study divides a house into 5 sectors: an accessible path; an entrance hall; a corridor; a living room; and a bedroom to remove the barrier factors from each sector according to the analysis above. As a result, the sectors that show high frequency and importance of renovation should be considered as a top priority for renovation.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.87-96
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• 2009

Purpose: Injuries are the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in the childhood population worldwide. Thus, this study was down to investigate the type and the severity of injuries according to the age group in childhood. Methods: A survey of injury information and a chart review were done on 378 children (257 boys, 121 girls) who visited the Emergency Departments of Asan Medical Center from March 1, 2009, to March 31, 2009. To determine differences in injury mechanism, accident place, injury site, New Injury Severity Score (NISS) and Pediatric Trauma Score (PTS), we divided the 378 patients into 4 group: under 1 year, 1 to 4 years, 5 to 9 years, and 10 to 15 years. Results: The mean (${\pm}SD$) age of the study group was 5.1 (${\pm}4.4$) years. Two year olds formed the largest group of injured children, with 77 cases (20.4% of the total). The most common cause of injury in childhood was being hit by an object (26.2%). Falls were frequent in the under-1-year group (22.2%) and slip downs (30.1%) were more frequent in 1-to-4-year group. More than half (53.4%) of the injuries occurred in the home, and the most common places of home-related injuries were the living room (41.1%) and the bedroom (31.2%). The mean (${\pm}SD$) NISS was 1.5 (${\pm}1.8$), and traffic accidents had the highest NISS ($2.8{\pm}5.1$). Injuries occurred most frequently during the evening. The peak period was 4:00 PM to 8:00 PM (33.7%). Conclusion: Patterns of childhood injury by age group were considerably different, and less severe and nonhospitalized injuries were common. Thus, need to improve surveillance of a variety of injuries, promote intersectional collaboration, build institutional capacities and mobilize community support and policy as an investment in prevention.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.1162-1172
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• 1997

The actual thermal environment and bedclimate on Ondol were investigated by the regions and housing styles in each season. The subject were sixty healthy men and women, 30 of them live in apartment, and 30 of them live in detached house. 20 of them live in Wonju, 20 of them live in Cheongju and 20 of them live in Pusan. The results are as follows: 1) The subject slept in this conditions; 23.1$\pm$2.4$^{\circ}C$ and 38$\pm$8.8% RH in spring, 27.1$\pm$1.5$^{\circ}C$ and 68$\pm$6.4% RH in summer, 27.1$\pm$1.7$^{\circ}C$ and 47$\pm$11.1% RH in autumm, and 24.9$\pm$3.3$^{\circ}C$ and 41$\pm$10.7% R.H in winter The temperatures of the floors were 38.6$\pm$5.$0^{\circ}C$ in the spring, 26.7$\pm$1.9$^{\circ}C$ in the summer, 29.4$\pm$4.7$^{\circ}C$ in the autumm, and 30.0$\pm$5.8$^{\circ}C$ in the winter. 2) Each thickness of the quilts was thinner in the summer than in any other season, but the differences in the thickness of each mattress was not significant by the seasons. 3) The differences of the bedclimate and the clothing microclimate were significant by the regions and housing in each seasons. The inside of temperature and humidity of sleepwrar were highest in summer. The bedclimate showed high correlation with the clothing microclimate. 4) The differences in the sensation which the subjects felt about temperature and comfort of the bedroom conditions were not significant by the seasons, regions, or housing styles. But the subjects felt more humid in the summer and spring than in the autumm and winter.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.420-430
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore characteristics of and risk factors for accidental inpatient falls. Methods: Participants were classified as fallers or non-fallers based on the fall history of inpatients in a tertiary hospital in Seoul between June 2014 and May 2015. Data on falls were obtained from the fall report forms and data on risk factors were obtained from the electronic nursing records. Characteristics of fallers and non-fallers were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Risk factors for falls were identified using univariate analyses and logistic regression analysis. Results: Average length of stay prior to the fall was 21.52 days and average age of fallers was 61.37 years. Most falls occurred during the night shifts and in the bedroom and were due to sudden leg weakness during ambulation. It was found that gender, BMI, physical problems such elimination, gait, vision and hearing and medications such as sleeping pills, antiarrhythmics, vasodilators, and muscle relaxant were statistically significant factors affecting falls. Conclusion: The findings show that there are significant risk factors such as BMI and history of surgery which are not part of fall assessment tools. There are also items on fall assessment tools which are not found to be significant such as mental status, emotional unstability, dizziness, and impairment of urination. Therefore, these various risk factors should be examined in the fall risk assessments and these risk factors should be considered in the development of fall assessment tools.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.33-44
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• 2015

Malaysian modern housing typologies (such as bungalows, semi-detached houses and terrace houses) are influenced by international style and constitute unique regional characteristics because they are modified in accordance with climatic conditions and unique social, ethnic housing cultures. This research identified unique characteristics and planning principles of how rooms and spaces of a house are related and organized into coherent patterns of form and space. For the analysis, we surveyed twenty-two residential precincts that identified twenty-five unit plan types for landed properties built in Ara Damansara, Malaysia. The methodology adopted in this study consisted of a document review and field surveys. It is difficult to find unique characteristics of space organization (except for the location of bathrooms) because the form of terrace houses is standardized and limited in design from the aspect of space organization. However, the organization of bedroom space and kitchen space has strong regional characteristics that have become stereotyped for semi-Ds and bungalows. General guideline for areas of unit plans are proposed based on the results of area analysis. We also found that the areas of L + D and MB increase as the total area of the house increases; however, the remaining rooms do not increase in area as long as they satisfy appropriate standards due to the addition of multi-purpose extra rooms. This study only examined limited cases in Ara Damansara and it is difficult to generalize the findings of other new towns in Malaysia. Nevertheless, it is worthwhile to collect and systematically organize data according to typologies. Finally, the authors were able to understand the unique regional design factors to be considered for landed property housing planning in Malaysia.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.46 no.8
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• pp.55-72
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze the state of Goryoin housing in Uzbekistan and Korea. Using ethnographic methodologies, it was examined that 20 Goryoin households in Korea in relation to their usage of housing space firstly and also tried 20 Goryoin households in Uzbekistan with the same method. The following conclusion were established; 1). The majority of households in both areas preferred separated kitchen and living room areas. 2). Most households in both areas had a washing machine in bathroom and they regarded bathtub and the drain hole of the bathroom as very necessary. They all preferred separate bathroom and toilet areas in order to allow simultaneous use. 3). Their preferred seating style was chairs on sleeping and eating especially but they treated large family and guest without chairs in both areas. 4). All of them were took their shoes off and wore slippers at home usually and also had a preference for designated shoes space at the entrance to the house. 5) All of households in Uzbekistan and half of them in Korea had a carpet or mat in the bedroom or living room, both for keeping warm and aesthetic reasons. 6). The heating system of apartment in Uzbekistan was radiator and most of private houses had a modified Ondol with radiator but their preferred heating system was modified Ondol in both areas. 7). They all considered the living room as the most important housing space for family and guest in both areas.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.115-125
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• 2008

The purpose of the study is to investigate the characteristics of the elderly housing preference and spatial usage to plan floor space of the elderly housing by the respondents of the ages 50 to 79. Based on the result of the study, it is suggested that the elderly housing should be located in regards to social environmental factors rather than natural environmental ones. There are differences in preference for the space planning of housing units such as the number of rooms and bathrooms, and floor space depending on income level, so the housing should be differently planned to accept the difference of preference. On the other hand, there is not notable difference in furniture preference for each space. In the characteristics of spatial usage according to behaviors, high-income respondents demonstrate the characteristics of spatial usage in accordance with a western lifestyle. Thus, behaviors such as sleeping, watching TV, resting, reading, conversation, and receiving guests, occur using such things as beds, sofas, and dinning tables. On the other hand low-income respondents show a mixed western and traditional lifestyle. Thus many behaviors are done on the floor of bedroom and livingroom in addition to using furniture such as a sofa and chairs. Therefore, the way of spatial usage has to be reflected in the floor space planning. At least floor space of the provided rooms should be planned to accommodate the behavior of the elderly even though all of the rooms preferred can not be provided.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

This study compared the recommended levels of illumination for housing. KS Recommended Levels of Illumination (KS A 3011) in Korea, Recommended Levels of Illumination (GB 50034-2004) in China and Recommended Levels of Illumination (JIS Z 9110) in Japan are compared. The results are as below. First, recommended levels of illumination used in Korea China Japan are suggested by different locations and activities. However, classification for application scope is set differently. There are 10 areas for classification used in Korea, 5 areas in China, and 13 areas in China. When medium levels for classification are included as classification level, total of 15 areas are used for classification in China. Second, when considering there are 15 areas of application scope in China for recommended levels of illumination, there are 7 areas that are commonly used in Korea China Japan. 7 areas include stadium, factories, hospitals, office, shopping center, houses and hospitals. Third, working surface is considered as the height for recommended levels of illumination in Korea China Japan. Korea and Japan consider all working positions, standing and sitting position, when deciding the height. However, China only considers the standing position. Fourth, application scope for recommended levels of illumination for housing are classified in 16 areas in Korea, 5 in China and 18 in Japan. Thus, the application scope for recommended levels of illumination in housing in Korea is similar to Japan. However, there are only 5 areas used in China such as living room, bedroom, dining room, kitchen and sanitary room. Fifth, recommended levels of illumination is classified in 3 levels such as Lowest-Moderate-Highest while China and Japan only have standard recommended levels of illumination. Sixth, when observing recommended levels of illumination by type of activities, Japan classified the activities in greatest detail followed by Korea and then China. Seventh, Recommended levels of illumination differs by each country.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.6 s.59
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• pp.159-171
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• 2006

As the increase in quantity of apartments has been stable, consumers' needs in housing quality become more diverse. According to the changes in the tendency of residents, construction companies has developed brands of apartment buildings with the concepts of LOHAS, well-being, ergonomics, ubiquitous. However, these trends has been focusing on the Capital area, and becoming fixed and typical in the way of delux quality, large-sized houses and a healthful residence. For that reason, this research is about survey on the needs of the local apartment residents, especially in Daegu. This analysis of their preferences will furnish basic data and offer possible interior plans to building companies making inroads into the Daegu apartment market. This research is based on the questionnaire forms which had been collected for two months(in Aug.-Oct.) of 2005 in Daegu and the amount of the samples is 135. All of them are the residents of the apartments where they moved in after 2000. The contents of this research include the evaluation of plane composition and practicality, interior finishing and design, and spaces for items. The results of this research show that the interior design and finishing materials of apartments in Daegu should be improved and the drainage and uncleanness of bathroom also need to be considered, much like the results of Seoul area. However, regarding the higher age range and life stage, the bedroom 2 needs to be planned for a study and the design of livingroom is prefered to be widely open. Besides, comparing with those in Seoul, the residents in Daegu demand that spaces for things (especially those in secondary kitchen and dress room) be more organized and convenient.