• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 1981

From various sources of natural habitat yeasts, which coo 14 transform the constituents of tobacco Powder into flavors, were isolated and three isolates. YOII, M4-1, and M 19-1, were selected These were identified, by their biological characteristics, as Hansenuia ciferri, Pichia acaciae and Candida tropicalis, respectively. Their ferments were extracted with petroleum ether and fractionated into basic, neutral and acidic fractions. The major organoleptic properties of the fermented flavors were detected in the neutral fractions by the sensory test and the yields and threshold values of those fractions were determined and the organoleptic characteristics were described as well.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.243-249
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• 2001

Antibacterial activities in each part of watercress(Oenanthe javanica D.C.) grown under different culture conditions were measured to determine the possibility to use watercress as a resource to develop the antibacterial substance. The leaves of watercress were extracted with methanol and the methanol extract was further fractionated with various organic solvents. Antibacterial activities against Shigella dysenteriae ATCC 9361 in all fractions were determined according to the agar diffusion method using paper disc. Methanol extract of watercress leaves was more effectively inhibited the growth of the tested bacteria than the extracts of roots or stems at the concentration of 0.5 g eq./disc, and the extract of watercress from Hwasoon was the most effective one as compared to others. Phenolic and neutral fractions fractionated from methanol extract of watercress had a considerable inhibiting activity on the growth of the bacteria, but acidic and basic fractions did not show any inhibitory effect. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of phenolic and neutral fractions against Shigella dysenteriae ATCC 9361 were $400\;{\mu}g/disc$ and $550\;{\mu}g/disc$, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.67-73
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• 1982

Essential oil components from tobacco powder were investigated as flavouring agent. The essential oil was isolated from tobacco powder by a simple distillation /extraction method The extracted essential oil was fractionated into basic, acidic and neutral groups. And the neutral group of essential oil was separated by column chromatography into 10 fractions. Above groups and fractions were tested for tobacco aroma and smoke aroma. The neutral group except most nonpolar fraction displays good flavouring properties which make them highly suitable for improving the flavour and aroma of tobacco and tobacco smoke. The most nonpolar fraction from neutral group was carefully investigated using preparative column, thin layer and gas chromatography ailed by GC/MS coupling. The major subfraction was identified as hydrocarbons on the basis of the IR spectrum. The 58 hydrocarbon components were identified by their mass spectra and was chromatographic retention times.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.198-203
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• 1999

7S and 11S globulins are two major storage proteins in soybean seed. For improving the quality of soybean seed protein, an increase of 11S/7S ratio would be a desirable objective because 11S globulin contains much more sulfur-containing amino acids than 7S globulin. In this study, six soybean varieties grown at three locations were used for genetic variation analysis of 7S and 11S globulins. It was possible to screen the soybean genotypes having aberrant subunit compositions of the two globulins by a sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). So, heritabilities, genotypic and phenotypic correlations among eight globulin fraction contents of soybean seeds were estimated. The mean value of 7S and 11S globulin fraction contents were 38.9% and 61.1%, respectively, and the ratio of 7S to 11S globulin ranged from 0.58 to 0.74. The high heritability value was found in $\beta$ subunits but the values of acidic and basic subunits were relatively low. Genotypic correlations were higher than the corresponding phenotypic correlations in most of globulin subunit contents. $\beta$ subunits was negatively correlated with $\alpha$ and $\alpha$' subunits among 7S fractions, while no significant correlation between $\alpha$ and $\alpha$' subunits could be found In case of 11S fractions, acidic and basic subunits exhibited no genotypic but negative phenotypic correlation.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 1996

This study was conducted to know the odor characteristics and compounds in neutral, acidic and basic fraction from the essential oil of Valerliana fauriei root. Among the fraction from the essential oil of V. fauriei root, the content of neutral fraction was 92%, that of the acidic fraction, 6%, and that of basic and phenolic fractions, less than 1%, respectively. The neutral fraction was characterized by sweet-balsamic, woody, musky and medicinal odor. The acidic fraction had sweat-socks, valeric-like and cheese-like odor characters. The netural fraction of essential oil was fractionated by solvents with different polarities, resulting in 44% of ethyl ether fraction, 34% of pentane-ethyl ether fraction, 11% of pentane fraction and 11% of methanol fraction. The ethyl ether fraction was characterized by woody and medicinal odor and the pentane-ethyl ether fraction, by sweet-balsamic, woody and herb-like odor. The fractions were fractionated again by different solvents, and 12 chemical components including valeranone, 26 components including bornyl acetate, and 43 components including camphene were identified in the ethyl ether fraction, the pentane - ethyl ether fraction, and pentane fraction, respectively. In the acidic fraction, n-butanoic acid and other 44 components were identified, among which the most abundant ones were 3-methyl butanoic acid(42.1%), dimethoxy-2-propanoic acid(11.5%), and 5-­ethyldihydro-2H-furanone(5.7%).

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.269-278
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• 1996

Airborne suspended particulates were collected by an Andersen high volume air sampler in a traffic area of Seoul from September 1990 to August 1991. Origanic matter extracted from particulates, their fractions, namely acidic, basic, neutral and carcinogenic subfractions (PAHs, nitroarenes) in neutral fractions were assayed for mutagenicity on TA98, TA100 and TA98NR deficient Salmonella strains, use of the pre-incubation method. The relative contribution to total mutanenicity of organic matters was highest in neutral fraction and was lowest in basic fraction. Among subfractions, that of neutral fraction was higher nitroarenes subfraction compared to PAHs subfraction. While the carcinogenic effect of benzo[a]pyrene was calculated as 0.96 persons/million persons based on unit risk estimates by extrapolation method, life time excess cancer risk estimate of EOM, neutral, PAH fraction based on their mutagenicity was calculated as 52, 42, 3.8 persons/million persons, respectively. These findings indicate that the mutagenic hazard of the partciculate, air organic complex mixture, may be dependent upon the mutagen composition in the particulate and interactions each of them. Therfore, health risk from air organic complex mixtures based on mutagenicity might be useful indicator for evaluation of actual risk.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.454-463
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• 2024

Background: Panax quinquefolius L, widely recognized for its valuable contributions to medicine, has aroused considerable attention globally. Different from the extensive research has been dedicated to the root of P. quinquefolius, its berry has received relatively scant focus. Given its promising medicinal properties, this study was focused on the structural characterizations and anti-inflammatory potential of acidic polysaccharides from the P. quinquefolius berry. Materials and methods: P. quinquefolius berry was extracted with hot water, precipitated by alcohol, separated by DEAE-52-cellulose column to give a series of fractions. One of these fractions was further purified via Sephadex G-200 column to give three fractions. Then, the main fraction named as AGBP-A3 was characterized by methylation analysis, NMR spectroscopy, etc. Its anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by RAW 264.7 cell model, zebrafish model and molecular docking. Results: The main chain comprised of α-L-Rhap, α-D-GalAp and β-D-Galp, while the branch consisted mainly of α-L-Araf, β-D-Glcp, α-D-GalAp, β-D-Galp. The RAW264.7 cell assay results showed that the inhibition rates against IL-6 and IL-1β secretion at the concentration of 625 ng/mL were 24.83 %, 11.84 %, while the inhibition rate against IL-10 secretion was 70.17 % at the concentration of 312 ng/mL. In the zebrafish assay, the migrating neutrophils were significantly reduced in number, and their migration to inflammatory tissues was inhibited. Molecular docking predictions correlated well with the results of the anti-inflammatory assay. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the structure of acidic polysaccharides of P. quinquefolius berry and their effect on inflammation, providing a reference for screening anti-inflammatory drugs.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.188-192
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• 1990

Sixteen amino acids in the hydrolysates of fulvic acid fraction from 7 plant materials were determined. Analyzed amino acids were aspartic acid, glutamie acid, arginine, histidine, lysine, glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleusine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, serine, threonine, proline, and methionine. Four crop residues, wild grass cuttings and forest tree litters were put under investigation. 1. The content of amino acids in fulvic acid fractions extracted after 90 days of compositing ranged from 0.15% to 0.53% by dry weight. The highest value was found in the fulvic acids of wild grass cuttings and the lowest in those of wheat straw, being equivalent to 1/5-1/31 of those found in humic acids. 2. The group of neutral amino acids shared the largest portion followed by acidic and basic amino acids. 3. Arginine was not detected in fulvic acid fractions from well decomposed residues. 4. Aromatic amino acids, phenylalanine and tyrosine, were virtually absent in fulvic acid fractions. 5. Glycine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid were the 3 major amino acids contained in fulvic acids of well decomposed residues. With glutamic acid and aspartic acid excluded, the decreasing order of concentration of amino acids was roughly in parallel with the increasing order of molecular weight.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.944-959
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• 2023

This study investigated the essential oil composition of fresh Panax ginseng root and identified novel compounds from ginseng oil. The oil was divided into five fractions (neutral, basic, phenolic, acidic, and aldehydic). In total, 149 constituents, including 29, 19, and 38 compounds in the basic, phenolic, and aldehydic fractions, respectively, were identified by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (MS). The primary constituents of the total ginseng volatile oil were α-humulene (13.91% as a peak area), bicyclogermacrene (13.59%), β-caryophyllene (8.24%), α-neoclovene (7.78%), and α- and β-panasinsenes (5.14% and 7.53%). The primary constituents of the basic fraction were 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (35.51%), 3-sec-butyl-2-methoxy-5-methylpyrazine (31.54%), 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine (8.64%), and 2-methoxy-3-methylpyrazine (8.40%), whereas in the phenolic fraction, these were benzoic (25.40%), octanoic (11.57%), nonanoic (9.16%), propionic (6.35%), and decanoic acids (6.16%). The primary constituents of the aldehydic fraction were 4-(2-furyl)-3-buten-2-one (23.41%), benzaldehyde (10.18%), cis-2-heptanal (9.42%), 3-(α-furyl)-propenal (8.51%), and 2-phenyl-2-butenal (7.28%). Among these, the phenylalkenal compounds, including 2-phenyl-2-butenal, 2-methyl-3-phenyl-2-propenal, 5-methyl-2-phenyl-2-pentenal, 5-methyl-2-phenyl-2-hexenals, 2-phenyl-2-octenal, and 2-phenyl-2-nonenal, were newly identified in this study as ginseng volatile constituents. Furthermore, 2-phenyl-2-nonenal was identified as a plant-based volatile constituent for the first time in this study.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2017

Rheum palmatum has traditionally been used as a preventive agent and medication against fever and infection. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize an antibacterial substance from R. palmatum that is effective against bacterial vaginosis. A methanol extract from R. palmatum showed antibacterial activity against Lactobacillus vaginalis KC TC 3515, Chryseobacterium gleum KCTC 2904, and Sphingomonas paucimobilis KCTC 2834, which cause bacterial vaginosis. After extraction and pH control of the methanol extract from R. palmatum, we found that acidic and alkaline extracts did not show antibacterial activity. A neutral extract (50 mg/mL) displayed an inhibitory zone of 18 mm on a nutrient agar plate with C. gleum KCTC 2904. Fractions No. 11 and 12 among 41 fractions obtained by silica gel column chromatography produced inhibitory zones of 10 mm on nutrient agar plates with C. gleum KCTC 2904. $R_f0.15$ and $R_f0.17$ spots produced by TLC of fraction No. 11 showed antibacterial activity against C. gleum KCTC 2904. Isolation and purification of the peak at a retention time (Rt) of 9.427 min was achieved by HPLC of $R_f0.29spots$. The peak at Rt 9.427 min showed antibacterial activity against C. gleum KCTC 2904.