• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.79-82
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• 2007

The 58 rRNA gene from Sphingobium chungbukense DJ77 was identified. The secondary structure of the 199-base-long RNA was proposed. The two-base-long D loop was the shortest among all of the known 5S rRNAs. The U19-U64 non-canonical pair in the helix II region was uniquely found in strain DJ77 among all of the sphingomonads.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.134-142
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• 1994

The neucleotide sequences of the xylA gene encoding $\beta $-xylosidase of Bacillus stearothermophilus and is its flanking regions were datermined. Three open reading frame(ORFs) were found, one of which(ORF1) appeared to code for the $\beta $-xylosidase. The 1830 base pair ORF1 encoded 609 amino acids starting from a TTG initiation codon. The molecular weight deduced from the nucleotide sequence(68 KD) was in agreement with that estimated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified enzyme(66 KD). The Shine-Dalgarno sequence(5'-AGGAGG-3') was found 11 bp upstream of the initiation codon. Further 15 bp upstream, there observed a potential transcription initiation signals. The putative -10 sequence(CATAAT) and -35 sequence(TTGTTA) coresponded closely to the consensus sequences for Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase with major sigma factor. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of the coding region of the xylA gene was 56mol% while that of the third position of the codons was 63 mol%. Based on the comparison with the amino acid sequences of several other carbohydrate degrading enzymes, two conserved regions, possibly participating in the catalytic mechamism of $\beta $-xylosidase xylA, were identified in 278-298 and 329-350 regions of the translated xylA gene. The nucleotide sequence of the xylA was found to exhibit no homology to any other genes so far reproted.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.2011-2014
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• 2010

The fluorescence intensity of a single-stranded oligonucleotide containing a fluorene-labeled deoxyuridine $(U^{Fl})$ unit increases by only 1.5-fold upon formation of its perfectly matched duplex. To increase the fluorescence signal during hybridization, we positioned a quencher strand containing a deoxyguanine (dG) nucleobase, functioning as an internal quencher, opposite to the $U^{Fl}$ unit to reduce the intrinsic fluorescence upon hybridization with a probe. From an investigation of the optimal length of the quencher strand and the effect of the neighboring base sequence, we found that a short strand (five-nucleotide) containing all natural nucleotides and dG as an internal quencher was effective at reducing the intrinsic fluorescence of a linear beacon; it also exhibited high total discrimination factors for the formation of perfectly matched and single base-mismatched duplexes. Such assays that function based on clear changes in fluorescence in response to single-base nucleotide mutations would be useful tools for accelerating diagnoses related to various diseases.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.98-101
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• 2002

Using phytoplasma universal primer pair Pl and P7, a fragment of about 1.8 kb nucleotide sequences of 16S rRNA gene and 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region, and a portion of 23S rRNA gene of jujube witches'broom (JWB) and mulberry dwarf(MD) phytoplasmas were determined. The nucleotide sequences of JWB and MD were 1,850 bp and 1,831 bp long, respectively. The JWB phytoplasma sequence was aligned with the homologous sequence of MD phytoplasma. Twenty-eight base insertions and nine base deletions were found in the JWB phytoplasma sequence compared with that of MD phytoplasma. The similarity of the aligned sequences of JWB and MD was 84.8%. The near-complete 16S rRNA gene DNA sequences of JWB and MD were 1,529 bp and 1,530 bp in length, respectively, and revealed 89.0% homology. The 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region DNA sequences were 263 bp and 243 bp in lengths respectively, while homology was only 70% and the conserved tRNA-lle gene of JWB and MD was located into the intergenic space region between 16S-23S rRNA gene. The nucleotide sequences were 77 bp long in both JWB and MD, and showed 97.4% sequence homology. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of the two phytoplasmas, the JWB phytoplasma belongs to the Elm yellow phytoplasma group (16S rV), whereas, the MD phytoplasma belongs to the Aster yellow group (16S rI).

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.5049-5057
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• 2010

이동통신 기술 및 다양한 서비스 개발로 모바일 사용자들은 해마다 증가하고 있다. 그러나 무선 네트워크 환경에서 동작하는 모바일 서비스들은 불법적인 변조, 도청, 신분위장 등 다양한 보안위협에 노출되어 있다. 이에 따라 3GPP에서는 안전한 이동통신 서비스를 제공하기 위하여 인증과 키 동의를 수행하는 3GPP-AKA 표준을 제정하였다. 그러나 3GPP-AKA 프로토콜은 관련 연구들을 통해 sequence number 동기화 문제, false base station을 이용한 공격, 프라이버시 문제 등이 발견되었다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 3G 네트워크에서 프라이버시를 강화한 효율적인 인증기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 인증 기법에서는 타임스탬프를 사용하여 기존의 3GPP 인증 방식에서 발견된 sequence number 동기화 문제를 해결하고, 비밀토큰을 이용하여 프라이버시 관련 문제를 해결하였다. 또한 하나의 인증벡터만을 사용하기 때문에 SN과 HLR 사이의 대역폭 소비 문제와 SN의 인증 데이터 오버헤드 문제를 개선할 수 있다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2017

Background: Species in the heterokont genus Synura are colonial and have silica scales whose ultrastructural characteristics are used for classification. We examined the ultrastructure of silica scales and molecular data (nuclear SSU rDNA and LSU rDNA, and plastid rbcL sequences) to better understand the taxonomy and phylogeny within the section Petersenianae of genus Synura. In addition, we report the first finding of newly recorded Synura species from Korea. Results: We identified all species by examination of scale ultrastructure using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Three newly recorded species from Korea, Synura americana, Synura conopea, and Synura truttae were described based on morphological characters, such as cell size, scale shape, scale size, keel shape, number of struts, distance between struts, degree of interconnections between struts, size of base plate pores, keel pores, base plate hole, and posterior rim. The scales of the newly recorded species, which belong to the section Petersenianae, have a well-developed keel and a characteristic number of struts on the base plate. We performed molecular phylogenetic analyses based on sequence data from three genes in 32 strains (including three outgroup species). The results provided strong statistical support that the section Petersenianae was monophyletic, and that all taxa within this section had well-developed keels and a defined number of struts on the base plate. Conclusions: The phylogenetic tree based on sequence data of three genes was congruent with the data on scale ultrastructure. The resulting phylogenetic tree strongly supported the existence of the section Petersenianae. In addition, we propose newly recorded Synura species from Korea based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological characters: S. americana, S. conopea, and S. truttae.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.695-703
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• 1999

We have studied the stereospecificities of various pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) dependent enzymes for the hydrogen transfer between the C-4' of a bound coenzyme and the C-2 of a substrate in the transamination catalyzed by the enzymes. Stereospecificities reflect the structures of enzyme active-sites, in particular the geometrical relationship between the coenzyme-substrate Schiff base and the active site base participating in an $\alpha$-hydrogen abstraction. The PLP enzymes studied so far catalyze only a si-face specific (pro-S) hydrogen transfer. This stereochemical finding suggests that the PLP enzymes have the same topological active-site structures, and that the PLP enzymes have evolved divergently from a common ancestral protein. However, we found that o-amino acid aminotransferase, branched chain L-amino acid aminotransferase, and 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate lyase, which have significant sequence homology with one another, catalyze a re-face specific (pro-R) hydrogen transfer. We also showed that PLP-dependent amino acid racemases, which have no sequence homology with any aminotransferases, catalyze a non-stereospecific hydrogen transfer: the hydrogen transfer occurs on both faces of the planar intermediate. Crystallographical studies have shown that the catalytic base is situated on the re-face of the C-4' of the bound coenzyme in o-amino acid aminotransferase and branched chain L-amino acid aminotransferase, whereas the catalytic base is situated on the si-face in other aminotransferases (such as L-aspartate aminotransferase) catalyzing the si-face hydrogen transfer. Thus, we have clarified the stereospecificities of PLP enzymes in relation with the primary structures and three-dimensional structures of the enzymes. The characteristic stereospecificities of these enzymes for the hydrogen transfer suggest the convergent evolution of PLP enzymes.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.56-59
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• 2004

Together with the previous reports, my computer survey revealed that several bacteria contain six copies of the type group II intron IntA. The sequence analysis of IntAs showed the high level of homology in the nucleotide sequence (91.9-99.8%). The consensus sequence, 2,270 base pair long, was derived from the nucleotide sequences of all IntA members. The size of the open reading frame intA was 502 amino acids long, that is homologous to reverse transcriptase-like proteins encoded within the group II introns. It was reported that EPEC.IntA and Sf.IntA were inserted into IS911 and IS629, respectively. The sequence of the flanking region IntA was analyzed here. The data show the insertion of EC.IntA into IS629, the insertion of EHEC.IntA into IS3, the insertion of Yp.IntA into IS904-like sequence, and the insertion of EK12.IntA into IS911. Interestingly, these IS elements nested by IntAs were the members of IS3 family elements. The sequences of the IS3 members correspond to the OrfB with the DDE motif conserved in retroviral integrases. Alignment of the flanking sequences of IntAs revealed that the flanking regions -25 to + 10 of insertion sites, that are generally believed to be required for the retrohoming, were not strongly conserved. The data presented here suggests that the retrohoming pathway of IntA seems to differ from those of other group II introns.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.461-467
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• 2019

IoT (Internet of Things) 기술과 위치기반 기술의 발전은 대용량의 이동데이터를 급속하게 생성하고 있다. 대용량 이동 데이터의 분석은 도시 이동의 흐름 및 교통 계획 등에 활용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 불규칙한 공간적 및 시간적 해상도의 택시 승차 정보로부터 빈번 승차 패턴을 분석하였다. 택시 승차 지점을 중심으로 군집 분석을 실시한 후 군집분석에 기반한 영역을 기준으로 순차패턴 분석을 적용하여 택시 승차 지점이 빈번하게 일어나는 패턴을 분석하였다. 실험용 데이터는 서울특별시 택시 운행 정보로부터 아침 출근 시간인 7시부터 9시 사이의 승차 정보를 분석하였다. 분석 결과는 아침 출근 시간대에 가장 빈도가 높게 발생하는 승차 순차 패턴은 강남 지역 안에서 많이 발생하였으며 지역과의 연계에 있어서는 강남으로부터 서울 시청 지역으로의 이동이 많이 발생하였다. 또한 본 연구는 순차 패턴 분석을 위한 기본 단위로 행정동 경계를 기준으로 분석하였다. 하지만 행정동 경계 기반의 분석은 지역간의 이동 패턴을 찾기가 어려웠다. 본 연구 결과는 향후 택시 공차율 감소와 도시 흐름관리를 위하여 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1998년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.143-146
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• 1998

A new stereoscopic codec. structure using MPEG-2 multiview profile is presented in this paper. In the suggested codec., the left image is coded with motion estimation in the base layerand the right image is coded with disparity estimation in the enhancement layer. Since it is possible to calculate rough motion of the right image sequence with disparity and motion of the left image sequence, motion compensation of the enhancement layer is performed without motion estimation. Since the proposed codec. does not perform motion estimation in the enhancement layer encoding, it is simple and reduces the encoding time. We compared the PSNR of encoded image with three different structured codec., and the experimental results show that suggested codec. has comparable with other codecs.