• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.40 no.11
• /
• pp.823-827
• /
• 2017

Genome editing using programmable nucleases such as CRISPR/Cas9 or Cpf1 has emerged as powerful tools for gene knock-out or knock-in in various organisms. While most genetic diseases are caused by point mutations, these genome-editing approaches are inefficient in inducing single-nucleotide substitutions. Recently, Cas9-linked cytidine deaminases, named base editors (BEs), have been shown to convert cytidine to uridine efficiently, leading to targeted single-base pair substitutions in human cells and organisms. Here, we first report on the generation of Xenopus laevis mutants with targeted single-base pair substitutions using this RNA-guided programmable deaminase. Injection of base editor 3 (BE3) ribonucleoprotein targeting the tyrosinase (tyr) gene in early embryos can induce site-specific base conversions with the rates of up to 20.5%, resulting in oculocutaneous albinism phenotypes without off-target mutations. We further test this base-editing system by targeting the tp53 gene with the result that the expected single-base pair substitutions are observed at the target site. Collectively, these data establish that the programmable deaminases are efficient tools for creating targeted point mutations for human disease modeling in Xenopus.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.3-11
• /
• 1985

CAD tools that has the common data base system are important to design for the VLSI. Each CAD tools are used to design for the VLSI, and to reduce the complexity, man-error, design-time for the IC design. CIF, a layout description language, was proved to be effective in this point. In this article, the program which translates pattern generation data for the mask tooling into CIF data was described. This program has its character in the unification of physical design data base for a design automated CAD system. The output format of CIF data is fitting to the input of the kgraph that is graphic layout editor, and the name of each layer and the output file is extended as a user's option.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.57 no.1
• /
• pp.19-29
• /
• 2024

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), a multicopy genome found in mitochondria, is crucial for oxidative phosphorylation. Mutations in mtDNA can lead to severe mitochondrial dysfunction in tissues and organs with high energy demand. MtDNA mutations are closely associated with mitochondrial and age-related disease. To better understand the functional role of mtDNA and work toward developing therapeutics, it is essential to advance technology that is capable of manipulating the mitochondrial genome. This review discusses ongoing efforts in mitochondrial genome editing with mtDNA nucleases and base editors, including the tools, delivery strategies, and applications. Future advances in mitochondrial genome editing to address challenges regarding their efficiency and specificity can achieve the promise of therapeutic genome editing.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2007.05a
• /
• pp.723-726
• /
• 2007

본 논문은 하이퍼 수화문장의 구성요소 중 하나인 신체요소 동작기호 데이터베이스와 수화동작 데이터베이스를 구축하는 그래픽 사용자 인터페이스를 다룬다. 청각장애인과 수화사용자가 수화단어를 간편하게 편집할 수 있도록 신체요소 동작기호 편집 프로그램을 개발하였으며, 이를 이용하여 약 1,300 개의 수화단어 데이터베이스를 구축하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.74-82
• /
• 2005

Objective We wish that oriental medicine theses can now be searched for by computer. So we have studied thesaurus and keywords in OMIS(Oriental Medicine Information System) Methodologies We have compared the keyword with the Thesaurus in the OMIS. So We have analyzed those into the agreement rate and the disagreement rate. Repeatedly, we have analyzed the agreement rate and the disagreement rate in chronological order. Conclusions 1. As the most of authors don't know about thesaurus, So many keywords disagree with thesaurus. 2. Because thesaurus system is very difficult to general authors. So system administors must build synonym data base, if many authors easily use thesaurus system. 3. We have to require institute editor to modify editorial policy. Presently most of institute require only one foreign language keywords, but it must be required foreign and Korean language keywords. 4. We must study not only oriental medicine thesaurus but also the other science thesaurus.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 1987.10b
• /
• pp.413-418
• /
• 1987

The software developed for the large scale Programmable Controller consists of the programmer's S/W, the Controller's S/W the RBC's (Remote Base Controller's) S/W and the Analog's S/W. The programmer's S/W, running on the Programmer, includes the editor, the compiler, the communication program, and some other programs for easy use. The Controller S/W, which requires the fast scanning time, consists of the BTI( Block Type Instruction) solving program, the timer service routine, the i/o update program, the communication program and etc. The RBC's S/W includes the communication program, the error recovery program and the i/o processing program. The analog S/W, controlled by the Programmer, includes the PID program. The data communication between the Programmer and the Controller the Controller and the RBC, and the RBC and the Analog are developed.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.93-101
• /
• 2016

As the Android smart phones become more popular, applications that handle users' personal data such as IDs or passwords and those that handle data directly related to companies' income such as in-game items are also increasing. Despite the need for such information to be protected, it can be modified by malicious users or leaked by attackers on the Android. The reason that this happens is because debugging functions of the Linux, base of the Android, are abused. If an application uses debugging functions, it can access the virtual memory of other applications. To prevent such abuse, access controls should be reinforced. However, these functions have been incorporated into Android O.S from its Linux base in unmodified form. In this paper, based on an analysis of both existing memory access functions and the Android environment, we proposes a function that verifies thread group ID and then protects against illegal use to reinforce access control. We conducted experiments to verify that the proposed method effectively reinforces access control. To do that, we made a simple application and modified data of the experimental application by using well-established memory editing applications. Under the existing Android environment, the memory editor applications could modify our application's data, but, after incorporating our changes on the same Android Operating System, it could not.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
• /
• v.54 no.7
• /
• pp.323-327
• /
• 2005

This paper presents an operator training simulator for power system restoration against massive black-out. The system is designed especially focused on the generality and convenient setting up for initial condition of simulation. The former is accomplished by using power flow calculation methodology, and PSS/E data is used to define the initial situation. The proposed simulator consists of three major components - the power flow(PF) module, data conversion(COW) module and GU subsystem. PF module calculates power flow, and then checks overvoltage of buses and overflow of lines. COW module composes an Y-Bus array and a data base at each restoration action. The initial Y-Bus array is constructed from PSS/E data. The user friendly GUI subsystem is developed including graphic editor and built-in operation manual. As a result, the maximum processing time for one step operation is 15 seconds, which is adequate for training purpose. Comparison with PSS/E simulation proves the accuracy and reliability of the training system.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2003.07a
• /
• pp.181-183
• /
• 2003

This paper presents an operator training simulator for power system restoration against massive black-out. The system is designed especially focused on the generality and convenient setting up for initial condition of simulation. The former is accomplished by using on line calculation methodology, and PSS/E data is used to define the initial situation. The proposed simulator consists of three major components - the Power flow(PF) module, data conversion(CONV) module and CUI subsystem. PF module calculates power flow, and then checks overvoltage of buses and overflow of lines. CONV module composes an Y-Bus array and a data base at each restoration action. The initial Y-Bus array is constructed from PSS/E data. The user friendly GUI module is developed including graphic editor and built-in operation manual. As a result, the maximum processing time for one step operation is 15 seconds, which is adequate for training purpose. Comparison with PSS/E simulation proves the accuracy and reliability of the training system.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.3377-3378
• /
• 2013

The APJCP Impact Factor for 2012 is 1.271, returning from 0.659 for 2011 (1.240 for 2010 and 1.108 for 2009). For an Asian Pacific journal publishing over 100 papers a month from countries with very varied resources it is heartening and we thank all those who continued to submit papers and cite references in the APJCP through our difficult period. However, we still have very much room for improvement. As Chief Editors it is our shared responsibility to act for the benefit of the cancer control research community who utilize the journal in our region of over four billion people and provide a prestigious forum for publication of research findings which can be freely shared by all. The motivation for the APOCP/APJCP has never been financial profit but a firm financial base is nevertheless essential. Although we have kind support from the Korean National Cancer Center for our Managing Editor and the website, our ability to maintain our Chinese and Thai offices is totally dependent on the processing charges paid by the authors. In order to expand our staff to cope with increased submissions and provide greater assistance in ensuring comprehensive reference coverage and dissemination of findings published in the APJCP to the worldwide research community, a joint decision has been made to increase formatting charges by 50% from July. We ask for author understanding. In addition, we appeal to scientists to positively consider our requests to make their reference lists as comprehensive as possible, including papers from the APJCP where appropriate. The future of the journal and the APOCP is largely in your own hands.